{"id":20084039,"date":"2022-03-03T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-03-03T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=84039"},"modified":"2023-09-15T19:40:15","modified_gmt":"2023-09-15T14:10:15","slug":"84039","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/bn\/10-bn\/84039\/","title":{"rendered":"\u09a8\u09a6\u09c0\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u09ae\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09df \u09a8\u09a6\u09c0 \u09ac\u09c8\u09a0\u0995 \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6 \u09aa\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Rajrajeshwar, a tiny river island (locally called <em>char<\/em>) in the Meghna River in Bangladesh\u2019s Chandpur district, is home to around 43,000 people. The island is extremely vulnerable to intense river erosion during floods, forcing families to sleep under the open sky when the flood hits.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p>Chandpur is located near the confluence of Bangladesh&#8217;s two mighty river systems: the Padma and the Meghna. Every year, flood waters from the northern region flow into the Bay of Bengal via the Padma and Meghna rivers in Chandpur, driving erosion.<\/p>\n\n<p>Residents of Rajrajeshwar char allege that apart from the floods, illegal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=52-IgX9bSLQ&amp;t=242s\">sand mining<\/a> is a major factor behind erosion and that the indiscriminate extraction of sand from the rivers poses threats to fisheries and river ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n<p>According to Bangladesh\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/bdnews24.com\/bangladesh\/2010\/05\/03\/govt-mulls-new-law-for-soil-sand-extraction\">Sand Quarry and Soil Management Act of 2010<\/a>, sand extraction is allowed only at designated sites, which only the government can demarcate. But the island community has been largely unable to raise the issue of violations, as its members have been left out of decision-making. The conversation is dominated by elite businessmen who stand to profit from sand mining operations.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p>Salam (he uses only one name), a fisher and a resident of Rajrajeshwar, told The Third Pole, \u201cSand miners extract sand from both the Meghna and Padma rivers, so we face erosion from both sides.\u201d\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-nodi-boithok-platform\">The Nodi Boithok platform<\/h2>\n\n<p>The widespread practice of indiscriminate sand extraction and the potential threat of erosion were only flagged as issues when residents of Rajrajeshwar had\u00a0the opportunity to take part in a <em>Nodi Boithok<\/em> or \u2018river meeting\u2019. The process led to a national consultation with civil society organisations, scientists and activists in the capital Dhaka. Recommendations from the national dialogue\u00a0were shared with the National River Conservation Commission <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nrccb.gov.bd\/\">(NRCC)<\/a> and the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC) of Bangladesh.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p>The Nodi Boithok is a process\u00a0 through which civil society\u00a0and\u00a0vulnerable communities work collectively to identify water governance challenges and opportunities at the grassroots level. Initiated in early 2018 in Bangladesh by the Oxfam-led <a href=\"https:\/\/asia.oxfam.org\/what-we-do\/water-governance-transboundary-rivers-south-asia\">Transboundary Rivers of South Asia (TROSA)<\/a> programme, the concept was later adopted by international NGO <a href=\"https:\/\/cuts-international.org\/\">CUTS International<\/a> (Consumer Unity &amp; Trust Society), a partner of the TROSA programme in India.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20027042\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20026864\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>The programme is designed to build the capacity of communities to secure their water resource rights by engaging with and influencing policymakers and bureaucrats.<\/p>\n\n<p>One of the most significant outcomes of the initiative in Bangladesh has been community-led indigenous <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/nature-based-solutions-bangladesh\/\">river erosion control infrastructure<\/a>, which was taken to the transboundary level (India and Bangladesh) through dialogue and cross-border visits among communities and civil society organisations. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p>The TROSA programme, working across Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Myanmar, aims to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=xmfhh5mOsQM\">understand and address<\/a> challenges related to transboundary rivers, and work together to create conditions that reduce poverty in communities living in the Ganga-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) and the Salween River basins.<\/p>\n\n<p>More than 200 Nodi Boithoks were held across 35 different locations in Bangladesh between 2018 and 2021.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-river-meetings-come-to-india\">\u2018River meetings\u2019 come to India<\/h2>\n\n<p>In India, CUTS International organised 20 Nodi Boithoks in 2021 along transboundary rivers in West Bengal and northeast India (Assam and Tripura), namely the Barak, Raidak (Doodhkumar), Jaldhaka (Dharla), Gomti, Manu, Feni, Muhuri and Khowai rivers.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--undefined\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220302_Nadi-Baithaks-map_Mapboard-3.svg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220302_Nadi-Baithaks-map_Mapboard-3.svg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220302_Nadi-Baithaks-map_Mapboard-3.svg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220302_Nadi-Baithaks-map_Mapboard-3.svg 2531.12w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2531.12px\" alt=\"Map showing locations of Nodi Boithoks in India 2021\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">CUTS International organised 20 Nodi Boithoks in 2021 along transboundary rivers in West Bengal and northeast India \u2022 Graphic by The Third Pole <\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220302_Nadi-Baithaks-map_Mapboard-3.svg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"6 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"2000.24\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2531.12\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n<p>At these meetings, the socioeconomic and livelihood challenges of people at the grassroots level are highlighted. Their voices are critical to the successful implementation of policies related to river governance, regional cooperation and cross-border engagements.<\/p>\n\n<p>The village-level meetings take place each month among communities living nearby in the Brahmaputra and Meghna basins in Bangladesh and India.<\/p>\n\n<p>Each meeting is organised by the programme implementing partners, who use reflections from the Nodi Boithoks to forge partnerships with relevant civil society organisations.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--undefined\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220302_Nodi-Boithoks-Bangaldesh_Oxfam_DSC_0110.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220302_Nodi-Boithoks-Bangaldesh_Oxfam_DSC_0110-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220302_Nodi-Boithoks-Bangaldesh_Oxfam_DSC_0110-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220302_Nodi-Boithoks-Bangaldesh_Oxfam_DSC_0110.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"A river meeting in Bangladesh\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">A Nodi Boithok in Sylhet district, Bangladesh. &#8216;River meetings&#8217; play a vital role in advocating for community members, overlooked stakeholders in the riparian economy. (Image: Oxfam\/CNRS)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/20220302_Nodi-Boithoks-Bangaldesh_Oxfam_DSC_0110.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"1 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n<p>Together, they determine whether the issues being flagged require substantiation of evidence, and also conduct an analysis of the stakeholders involved.<\/p>\n\n<p>The most pressing issues across multiple geographic locations covering shared river basins are selected for advocacy. Civil society organisations make an initial \u2018influencing plan\u2019 in partnership with communities. With time, this has escalated to the national and basin levels.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-accordion block--accordion\"><span class=\"block--accordion__title\">River systems and communities are under threat<\/span><div class=\"block--accordion__content\"><div class=\"block--accordion__content__inner\">\n<p><\/p><p>The transboundary rivers of India and Bangladesh are mostly perennial in nature. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p><p>Due to floods and other natural and man-made calamities, such as pollution, sand mining and stone lifting, riverbanks are continuously shifting and, as a result, families living near the banks of these rivers lose their homes and cultivable lands.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-why-community-led-solutions-are-critical\">Why community-led solutions are critical<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rivers in South Asia are <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/regional-cooperation\/one-law-to-rule-indias-rivers\/\">governed<\/a> as state-owned common pool resources. Communities in these river basins have been detached from the governance system for years, despite the existence of water policies aiming at a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iucn.org\/sites\/dev\/files\/content\/documents\/2017\/final_draft_gbm_cso_vision_rev_6_nov_2017_cso_network.pdf\">participatory governance model<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p>This has increased vulnerabilities and poverty among river-dependent communities. Even when communities highlight grievances over the encroachment of floodplains and riverbanks, demand flood and erosion protection infrastructure, or bring attention to shortages of water for irrigation and drinking, their efforts die at the grassroots level.<\/p>\n\n<p>This is mainly because river governance is often viewed by authorities as a \u2018big matter\u2019 that these communities should not design\u00a0solutions to \u2013 even though the brunt is very much borne by them.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">The meetings helped the communities gain confidence in themselves, especially the women, about their rights and entitlements<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Enamul Mazid Khan, country director for Oxfam in Bangladesh<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n<p>This pretext has compelled the TROSA programme to play the role of a catalyst for community-led initiatives to uncover the root causes of the most pressing concerns and foster partnerships with an aim to\u00a0achieve inclusive and equitable solutions.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nodi Boithoks play a vital role here: they advocate for community members, who are true stakeholders in the riparian economy, to flag their concerns.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n<p>The communities have <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bd-pratidin.com\/country\/2020\/01\/05\/489486\">demanded<\/a> that the government impose strict restrictions on sand mining and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/city\/news\/stone-extraction-turning-bandarban-desert-1751887#main-content\">stone-lifting<\/a> activities.<\/p>\n\n<p>Enamul Mazid Khan, country director\u00a0for Oxfam in Bangladesh told The Third Pole, \u201cNodi Boithoks have been our effort to create a space for the most marginalised communities of the GBM river basins to talk about shared issues and vulnerabilities around water resource governance and to raise voices about their rights. We have found that these meetings helped the communities gain confidence in themselves, especially the women, about their rights and entitlements. With the continuation and mainstreaming of this process across the shared river basins, more inclusive water governance in the GBM basin is possible.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u098f\u0987 \u09ac\u09c8\u09a0\u0995\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09be\u09b0 \u09ae\u09a7\u09cd\u09af \u09a6\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ac\u09be\u0982\u09b2\u09be\u09a6\u09c7\u09b6\u09c7 \u09ac\u09bf\u09aa\u09a6\u09be\u09aa\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8, \u0989\u09aa\u09c7\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09bf\u09a4 \u098f\u09ac\u0982 \u09aa\u09bf\u099b\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09aa\u09dc\u09be  \u09a8\u09a6\u09c0 \u09aa\u09be\u09dc\u09c7\u09b0 \u09a6\u09b0\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09b0 \u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09c1\u09b7\u0997\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7\u09be\u09b0 \u09a8\u09be\u09a8\u09be\u09ae\u09c1\u0996\u09c0 \u09b8\u09ae\u09b8\u09cd\u09af\u09be \u09b8\u09ae\u09be\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09c7 \u09b8\u09bf\u09a6\u09cd\u09a7\u09be\u09a8\u09cd\u09a4 \u0997\u09cd\u09b0\u09b9\u09a8\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u09bf\u09ad\u09bf\u09a8\u09cd\u09a8 \u09aa\u09b0\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09df\u09c7 \u09a8\u09bf\u099c\u09c7\u09a6\u09c7\u09b0 \u09ac\u0995\u09cd\u09a4\u09ac\u09cd\u09af \u09a4\u09c1\u09b2\u09c7 \u09a7\u09b0\u09be\u09b0 \u09b8\u0995\u09cd\u09b7\u09ae\u09a4\u09be \u09a4\u09c8\u09b0\u09bf \u09b9\u09df\u09c7\u099b\u09c7, \u09af\u09be \u098f\u0996\u09a8 \u09b8\u09c0\u09ae\u09be\u09a8\u09be \u09aa\u09c7\u09b0\u09bf\u09df\u09c7 \u09ad\u09be\u09b0\u09a4\u09c7\u0993 \u0985\u09a8\u09c1\u09b8\u09b0\u09a3 \u0995\u09b0\u09be \u09b9\u099a\u09cd\u099b\u09c7<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000283,"featured_media":20083994,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039939,50039952],"tags":[20026971,50041517,20027378,50040265],"hashtags":[],"country":[20026364,20026387],"class_list":["post-20084039","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-8-bn","category-10-bn","tag-activism-bn","tag-the-third-pole-bn","tag-rivers-bn","tag-water-scarcity-bn","country-bangladesh-bn","country-india-bn"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u09a8\u09a6\u09c0\u09ad\u09bf\u09a4\u09cd\u09a4\u09bf\u0995 \u099a\u09cd\u09af\u09be\u09b2\u09c7\u099e\u09cd\u099c \u09ae\u09cb\u0995\u09be\u09ac\u09c7\u09b2\u09be\u09df \u09a8\u09a6\u09c0 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