{"id":20080812,"date":"2021-11-22T13:00:21","date_gmt":"2021-11-22T07:30:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?post_type=opinion&p=80812"},"modified":"2024-04-12T14:43:39","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T14:43:39","slug":"indigenous-solutions-forests-india","status":"publish","type":"opinion","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/indigenous-solutions-forests-india\/","title":{"rendered":"Opinion: To save its forests, India needs local solutions, not greenwashing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In the aftermath of COP26 negotiations in Glasgow, the question has been raised as to why India did not sign the \u2018Glasgow Leaders\u2019 Declaration on Forests and Land Use\u2019<\/a>. Signed by 138 countries \u2013 including India\u2019s neighbours Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Nepal and Pakistan \u2013 the declaration committed to \u201chalt and reverse forest loss and land degradation by 2030\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Perhaps we are asking the wrong question. When you look beyond the headlines, such declarations often amount to an excuse for continued greenwashing through forest carbon offsetting by big polluters and governments, delaying urgent reductions in carbon emissions. The real question is this: is India willing to take meaningful action on climate change to address the systemic inequalities faced by rights holders and communities?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ignoring indigenous communities in forests<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Despite hopes that COP26<\/a> in Glasgow would be the most pivotal United Nations climate conference since Paris, many felt<\/a> it turned a blind eye to the voices and demands of those on the front lines who are most impacted by climate change, such as forest-dependent communities and indigenous and rural women and girls. Instead, the summit favoured corporate lobbies<\/a> and governments pushing for false solutions under the umbrella of so-called \u2018nature-based solutions\u2019, which were high on the agenda.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A clear example of these false solutions is one of\u00a0India\u2019s flagship climate projects, the Green India Mission<\/a> (GIM), financed significantly by the Compensatory Afforestation Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA). This programme allows\u00a0corporations involved in mining and other industries to pay a certain amount for the deforestation caused by their project to finance compensatory afforestation. This compensatory afforestation is supposed to offset the carbon emissions caused by the deforestation. \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monoculture promoted as \u2018afforestation\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In practice, this mostly involves the expansion of monoculture tree plantations. Unlike the natural forests that have been destroyed by mining and other activities, monoculture tree plantations are often made up of species that are not indigenous to the area, with negative impacts on biodiversity and the water table, and without the contributions to sustainable livelihoods offered by natural forests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Afforestation and carbon offset programmes like this, according to a recent report<\/a> from the Global Forest Coalition, are essentially undermining progress towards effective forest conservation, community-led forest governance and gender justice in India. In the report, indigenous Dhanwar women from a Chhattisgarh village named Bakhai describe how their communities confronted India\u2019s Forest Department officials and stopped the felling of trees that had been taking place in their forests to make way for a GIM-linked commercial plantation. The Forest Department responded by trying to plant trees on rights holders\u2019 land without the consent of the villagers. This is a common Forest Department practice nationwide as part of its afforestation and compensatory afforestation projects on behalf of GIM and CAMPA: land needed for such projects is often obtained from common lands in villages, or even agricultural lands.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Passed off as \u201cclimate mitigation strategies\u201d, actions such as these do not respond to the needs and wellbeing of the groups most affected by climate change, particularly indigenous women, even though they are the least responsible for the crisis and, in fact, have solutions to offer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indigenous solutions offer good options<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

India\u2019s Scheduled Tribe and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act of 2006, also known as the Forest Rights Act<\/a>, recognises and restores the rights of forest communities, including individual rights over homesteads and agricultural lands and the collective rights to resources within and around village boundaries. The provisions of this landmark legislation \u2013 especially the provision which made permission by village councils (gram sabhas<\/em>) mandatory \u2013 enabled indigenous Dhanwar women to resist deforestation and monoculture plantations.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The indigenous Dhanwar women have managed to transform their village through forest conservation and innovative agro-ecological food systems. Women in forest communities often hold profound knowledge of forest resources and conservation practices. The Forests Rights Act provides women with a platform, through representation on the village council, to share their perspective and understanding of conservation practices and resource governance. This is exactly what happened in Bakhai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The women of Bakhai led an initiative to map the community\u00a0resources\u00a0in their forests\u00a0and formed a community forest management committee (CFMC). The villagers established seed banks of forest species, and the women\u00a0created nurseries for fruit-bearing trees. In 2018, Bakhai women started cultivating annual crops using no-till and organic techniques, which increases nutritional content and locks carbon in soils. Root crops, seeds and pulses are now grown in small patches as a part of three-tier cultivation practices.\u00a0The women revived agro-ecological farming practices with millet. Their innovations include drip-irrigation systems based on earthen pots with a small hole<\/a> at the bottom to water new plants in the summer. This technique is well suited to Bakhai\u2019s hilly land, which does not retain water easily, and it improves the community\u2019s resilience to changing rainfall patterns as a result of climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To preserve their traditional practices and knowledge, the women of Bakhai created a resource centre that showcases traditional rice varieties and tree seeds, allowing them to share their traditional knowledge of forests and biodiversity with children in the village.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indigenous rights help forests<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

However, they have still been unable to secure community rights over their forest resources. The government has yet to officially record their rights, in violation of the Forest Rights Act, wasting a great opportunity to strengthen forest conservation, climate action and the livelihoods of forest-dwelling communities in the area.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Instead, the government\u2019s priority seems to be to support strategies devised to avoid taking urgent action. Instead, we see vague \u2018net zero\u2019 pledges from polluting industries<\/a> and carbon offsetting and reforestation schemes which rely on monoculture tree plantations, such as CAMPA and GIM. These policy agendas are being disguised as truly transformative climate action. Instead, what we need are solutions by \u2013 and for \u2013 rights holders and communities.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Forest lands managed by local communities are often far more useful in dealing with climate change than compensatory afforestation programmes that only enable greenwashing, argue Kanta Marathe and Souparna Lahiri<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":20080813,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[50039902],"tags":[513,531,555,559],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20080812","opinion","type-opinion","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-forests","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-deforestation","tag-indigenous-peoples","tag-land-rights","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOpinion: To save its forests, India needs local solutions, not greenwashing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Indigenous communities can help preserve India's forests but their rights are being undermined in the name of afforestation\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/indigenous-solutions-forests-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Opinion: To save its forests, India needs local solutions, not greenwashing\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Indigenous communities can help preserve India's forests but their rights are being undermined in the name of afforestation\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/indigenous-solutions-forests-india\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-12T14:43:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2D06BKG-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1604\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/indigenous-solutions-forests-india\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/indigenous-solutions-forests-india\/\",\"name\":\"Opinion: To save its forests, India needs local solutions, not greenwashing\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/indigenous-solutions-forests-india\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/indigenous-solutions-forests-india\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2D06BKG-scaled.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-11-22T07:30:21+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-12T14:43:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"Indigenous communities can help preserve India's forests but their rights are being undermined in the name of afforestation\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/indigenous-solutions-forests-india\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/indigenous-solutions-forests-india\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/indigenous-solutions-forests-india\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2D06BKG-scaled.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/2D06BKG-scaled.jpg\",\"width\":2560,\"height\":1604,\"caption\":\"Forest dwellers raise their hands and shout slogans during a rally in New Delhi December 15, 2011. 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