{"id":60040100,"date":"2024-07-03T16:41:44","date_gmt":"2024-07-03T15:41:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?post_type=opinion&p=60040100"},"modified":"2024-07-04T12:18:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-04T11:18:00","slug":"green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership","status":"publish","type":"opinion","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/","title":{"rendered":"Green agenda missing from China and Russia\u2019s \u2018no limits\u2019 partnership"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In May, Russian president Vladimir Putin made the first official visit to China of his new term. A joint statement<\/a> followed, heralding a \u201cnew era\u201d in Sino-Russian relations, and marking the 75th anniversary of diplomatic ties. This document underscored the deepening \u201cno limits\u201d partnership between the two nations, announced<\/a> during Putin\u2019s February 2022 state visit, and cemented by economic interests and mutual distrust of the west \u2013 especially in the aftermath of Russia\u2019s invasion of Ukraine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Notably absent from the joint statement was the green agenda, including clean energy development and other climate action. This omission raises eyebrows at a time when China strategically positions green issues at the forefront of its diplomacy. The statement\u2019s references to climate change are tepid, with emphasis put on nations\u2019 \u201ccommon but differentiated responsibilities\u201d towards climate action under the UN climate convention and Paris Agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The only direct mention of \u201cgreen transformation\u201d was in the context of the Asia-Pacific region, and was devoid of substantive proposals. Additionally, the joint statement contains both parties\u2019 opposition to linking climate issues to international peace and security threats, signalling a lack of seriousness in facing climate risks. References to renewable energy were sparse and couched in vague language about deepening cooperation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By contrast, President Xi Jinping\u2019s European tour that same month, which included visits to Hungary, Serbia and France, showcased China\u2019s green diplomacy and led to significant developments. Leading Chinese car maker BYD inaugurated its first<\/a> European electric vehicle factory in Hungary. There was a USD 2.1 billion<\/a> investment in Serbia\u2019s renewable energy sector. And green development was one of 18 cooperation agreements signed<\/a> between China and France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Engaging in climate action, particularly through green-tech-focused initiatives, is increasingly central to China\u2019s global diplomatic charm offensive. But when it comes to Russia, climate action might be the weakest link in a purported boundless relationship. Why is this happening and what are the implications?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hydrocarbon bind<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A convincing interpretation of the scant climate focus in the Sino-Russian joint statement is that environmental issues are subordinate to the strategic imperative of countering US influence. The document emphasises the \u201cfundamental interests\u201d (\u6839\u672c\u5229\u76ca<\/em>, g\u0113n b\u011bn l\u00ec y\u00ec<\/em>) of the Chinese and Russian people. The alliance is deeply rooted in mutual mistrust of American power, shared material interests in trading fossil fuels and military technology, and ideals regarding the merits of authoritarian political regimes pursuing state-directed development plans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One of China and Russia\u2019s \u201cfundamental interests\u201d rests on the hydrocarbon trade of crude oil, coal and natural gas, which brought economic security to Russia and energy security to China. Political repercussions from the invasion of Ukraine severely impacted<\/a> Russia\u2019s traditional energy market in Europe. Pipeline deliveries of gas and oil have decreased by over 80%, while coal exports have virtually ceased following an EU ban on purchases of new Russian coal. Gazprom, the Kremlin-owned gas company, saw its natural gas supplies to Europe drop by 55.6%<\/a> in 2023, leading to a significant financial setback of nearly USD 7 billion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No greenwashing can hide the fact that China and Russia engage in a substantial fossil fuel trade<\/blockquote>Xie Chengkai<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Russia turned to other markets to remedy the loss of revenue. Sino-Russian trade surged to a new record of USD 240 billion<\/a> in 2023, driven by China\u2019s increased intake of Russian hydrocarbons. China received a one-third increase in Russian crude oil shipments between 2021 and 2023, while LNG and coal exports almost doubled during that same period. In 2023, Russia overtook<\/a> Saudi Arabia to become the largest source of Chinese oil imports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No greenwashing can hide the fact that China and Russia engage in a substantial fossil fuel trade. One may explain the absence of climate ambition in May’s joint statement to be part of China\u2019s efforts to increase its energy security by importing cheap Russian fossil fuel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mismatched climate commitment<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The lack of climate considerations also highlights divergent stances and leadership on environmental issues, climate change and decarbonisation goals. As recently as 2019, Putin continued to assert<\/a> that \u201cno one knows the true cause of climate change\u201d and that determining how human activity affects it is \u201cvery difficult, if not impossible.\u201d Worse still, in the 2023 update<\/a> of its 2009 climate doctrine, the Kremlin removed language stating human activity is \u201cprimarily associated\u201d with emissions \u201cfrom the combustion of fossil fuels\u201d. With fossil fuels central to its energy strategy, Russia\u2019s renewable energy targets and current share fall below 5%<\/a>. This undermines the Paris Agreement\u2019s higher-ambition, 1.5C target.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conversely, China, while the world\u2019s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has emerged as a leader in green technology. For example, the country is behind over 80%<\/a> of the global solar equipment supply chain. President Xi\u2019s enthusiastic embrace of \u201cecological civilisation\u201d in 2017 laid the foundation for China\u2019s \u201cdual carbon\u201d goals, aiming for carbon peaking by 2030 and neutrality before 2060. Forecasts<\/a> suggest China\u2019s CO2 emissions are set to fall in 2024, driven by substantial growth in low-carbon energy installations. For the first time, non-fossil energy sources surpassed<\/a> 50% of China\u2019s total electricity-generation capacity in 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Xi\u2019s catchphrase, \u201cgreen mountains are gold mountains and silver mountains,\u201d exemplifies the dual approach of protecting the environment and promoting economic development. Beijing, unlike Moscow, has succeeded in making renewable energy a pillar of its economy, having established a robust low-carbon industrial sector. With clean-energy industries contributing 40%<\/a> of China\u2019s GDP growth in 2023, they emerged as the main engine of the country\u2019s economic expansion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Regarding exerting global leadership, China and the US created a new framework for their climate commitments with the 2023 Sunnylands Statement<\/a>. It was said<\/a> to have enabled the adoption of UN climate conference COP28<\/a>\u2019s final language of \u201ctransitioning away from fossil fuels\u201d. While COP28 was taking place in the United Arab Emirates, Putin arrived there to strengthen OPEC+ cooperation and further discuss trade and oil. The contrast was striking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Transitioning apart<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The missing green agenda risks undermining Sino-Russian relations in the medium term. China\u2019s renewable-energy infrastructure will reduce its reliance on Russian energy supplies, putting the two countries\u2019 hydrocarbon trading relations at risk. Even though China\u2019s oil and gas demand has grown steadily over past decades, the International Energy Agency\u2019s World Energy Outlook 2023<\/a> found that China\u2019s fossil-fuel use would peak in 2024 before entering slow structural decline. Putin\u2019s highly anticipated Power of Siberia 2 pipeline is set to transport 50 billion<\/a> cubic metres of natural gas per year from Russia to China. The project would offset nearly half of the decline in Russian pipeline gas exports to the EU between 2021 and 2023, but was snubbed<\/a> by Beijing during recent visits. Beijing\u2019s calculated silence on the proposed pipeline is almost certainly intended to drive a better bargain around price and supply-chain control with an impatient Moscow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the continuous growth of clean technology, including batteries, will reduce China\u2019s fossil fuel dependence on Russia. China\u2019s rapid battery development will improve grid-energy storage, alleviating the renewable energy curtailment (or wastage) problem. Advanced battery technology will also lead to more durable electric vehicles and greater usage of new-energy vehicles, reducing crude-oil consumption for passenger cars. Furthermore, China\u2019s ambition to expand its renewable footprint into neighbouring countries, such as Mongolia<\/a>, where the Power of Siberia 2 will be built and developed, could become a sensitive spot in Sino-Russian relations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

China and Russia’s different stances on climate change is a potential weakness and constraint in the relationship<\/blockquote><\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Despite Russia\u2019s meagre renewable energy share and nascent carbon market, there exists scope for collaboration in hydrogen energy, leveraging Russia\u2019s natural gas reserves. A blue hydrogen project on Sakhalin Island in eastern Russia is actively courting<\/a> Chinese investment, having secured a deal with a Chinese energy equipment supplier for technology and hydrogen exports to China. However, as China ramps up its domestic hydrogen capacity, the extent of its enthusiasm for cooperation remains uncertain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A further source of clean energy is nuclear power, which accounts for more than 19%<\/a> of Russia\u2019s electricity generation. Putin mentioned the sector during the visit but it did not appear in the joint statement. Last year, China and Russia signed an agreement to deepen their nuclear energy cooperation, especially in developing fast reactors and producing uranium-plutonium fuel. According<\/a> to the China Aerospace Studies Institute, \u201cnuclear energy is a rare area where Russia continues to play the more senior role.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is little doubt that Russia and China\u2019s \u201cno-limit\u201d friendship is deeply rooted in geopolitics, political strategy and hydrocarbon trade. But the countries\u2019 different stances on climate change, and the resulting gap in their partnership, is a potential weakness and constraint in the relationship.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Environmental issues are subordinate to the strategic imperative of countering US influence. That could ultimately weaken the relationship, writes Xie Chengkai<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":60040227,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[757],"tags":[50041544,547,50040720,600],"country":[20000110,50040737],"class_list":["post-60040100","opinion","type-opinion","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-climate-diplomacy","tag-fossil-fuels","tag-geopolitics","tag-trade","country-china","country-russia"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGreen agenda missing from China and Russia\u2019s \u2018no limits\u2019 partnership<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The environmental is subordinate to the strategic imperative of countering US influence. That could ultimately weaken the relationship, writes Xie Chengkai\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Green agenda missing from China and Russia\u2019s \u2018no limits\u2019 partnership\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The environmental is subordinate to the strategic imperative of countering US influence. That could ultimately weaken the relationship, writes Xie Chengkai\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-04T11:18:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vladimir-Putin-Harbin-Institute-Technology-empty-chair_Alamy_2X74MGG-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"The environment is subordinate to countering US influence, which could ultimately weaken Sino-Russian relations, writes Xie Chengkai\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/\",\"name\":\"Green agenda missing from China and Russia\u2019s \u2018no limits\u2019 partnership\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vladimir-Putin-Harbin-Institute-Technology-empty-chair_Alamy_2X74MGG-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-07-03T15:41:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-04T11:18:00+00:00\",\"description\":\"The environmental is subordinate to the strategic imperative of countering US influence. That could ultimately weaken the relationship, writes Xie Chengkai\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vladimir-Putin-Harbin-Institute-Technology-empty-chair_Alamy_2X74MGG-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vladimir-Putin-Harbin-Institute-Technology-empty-chair_Alamy_2X74MGG-1.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":800,\"caption\":\"2X74MGG Harbin, China. 17th May, 2024. Russian President Vladimir Putin, applauds the introduction by HIT Chairman Xiong Sihao during a visit with faculty and students at the Harbin Institute of Technology, May 17, 2024, in Harbin, China. The university was founded in 1920 as Harbin Sino-Russia Industrial School. Credit: Kremlin Pool\/Russian Presential Press Service\/Alamy Live News\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Green agenda missing from China and Russia\u2019s \u2018no limits\u2019 partnership\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"name\":\"Dialogue Earth\",\"description\":\"Global climate and environment news\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png\",\"width\":256,\"height\":256,\"caption\":\"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_\",\"\",\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English\",\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/\",\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/\"],\"publishingPrinciples\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Green agenda missing from China and Russia\u2019s \u2018no limits\u2019 partnership","description":"The environmental is subordinate to the strategic imperative of countering US influence. That could ultimately weaken the relationship, writes Xie Chengkai","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Green agenda missing from China and Russia\u2019s \u2018no limits\u2019 partnership","og_description":"The environmental is subordinate to the strategic imperative of countering US influence. That could ultimately weaken the relationship, writes Xie Chengkai","og_url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/","og_site_name":"Dialogue Earth","article_modified_time":"2024-07-04T11:18:00+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":800,"url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vladimir-Putin-Harbin-Institute-Technology-empty-chair_Alamy_2X74MGG-1.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_description":"The environment is subordinate to countering US influence, which could ultimately weaken Sino-Russian relations, writes Xie Chengkai","schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/","name":"Green agenda missing from China and Russia\u2019s \u2018no limits\u2019 partnership","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vladimir-Putin-Harbin-Institute-Technology-empty-chair_Alamy_2X74MGG-1.jpg","datePublished":"2024-07-03T15:41:44+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-04T11:18:00+00:00","description":"The environmental is subordinate to the strategic imperative of countering US influence. That could ultimately weaken the relationship, writes Xie Chengkai","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vladimir-Putin-Harbin-Institute-Technology-empty-chair_Alamy_2X74MGG-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Vladimir-Putin-Harbin-Institute-Technology-empty-chair_Alamy_2X74MGG-1.jpg","width":1200,"height":800,"caption":"2X74MGG Harbin, China. 17th May, 2024. Russian President Vladimir Putin, applauds the introduction by HIT Chairman Xiong Sihao during a visit with faculty and students at the Harbin Institute of Technology, May 17, 2024, in Harbin, China. The university was founded in 1920 as Harbin Sino-Russia Industrial School. Credit: Kremlin Pool\/Russian Presential Press Service\/Alamy Live News"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/green-agenda-missing-from-china-and-russias-no-limits-partnership\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Green agenda missing from China and Russia\u2019s \u2018no limits\u2019 partnership"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","name":"Dialogue Earth","description":"Global climate and environment news","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization","name":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","width":256,"height":256,"caption":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_","","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/opinion\/60040100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/opinion"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/opinion"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=60040100"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/opinion\/60040100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":60040266,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/opinion\/60040100\/revisions\/60040266"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/60040227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=60040100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=60040100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=60040100"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=60040100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}