{"id":60080764,"date":"2025-05-09T18:11:10","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T17:11:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?post_type=opinion&p=60080764"},"modified":"2025-05-14T11:02:13","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T10:02:13","slug":"opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival","status":"publish","type":"opinion","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival\/","title":{"rendered":"Opinion: Preserving glaciers is key to humanity\u2019s survival"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The World Meterological Organization\u2019s State of the Global Climate report<\/a> published in March delivered a grim milestone: 2024 was the hottest in 175 years of record-keeping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As temperatures soar, mountain glaciers, which are among the most sensitive indicators of climate change, are vanishing at an alarming rate. A landmark UN report<\/a> released the same month laid bare the terrible toll. It details how these frozen mountain water reserves are vanishing and what their loss spells for humanity: limited water supplies, collapsing food systems and unravelling ecosystems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We\u2019ve long known that melting glaciers in Antarctica and Greenland threaten to drown swathes of Florida in the United States, East Anglia in the United Kingdom and Bangladesh and Sri Lanka in South Asia, and most small island states, under rising seas. But the breakneck retreat of mountain glaciers and snowpacks \u2013 already well underway \u2013 and what that portends for humanity, are less well known. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

As a scientist who\u2019s spent 45 years tracking these changes, I can tell you: the two reports confirm that the stakes in our mountains are as existential as those at the poles \u2013 and the clock is ticking faster than most realise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since 2000, 5.4%<\/a> of mountain glacier mass has been lost worldwide. That may not sound like much, but it exceeds Greenland\u2019s ice loss by 18% and is double the loss seen in Antarctica. Worse, the pace is accelerating, with glacier losses increasing 36%<\/a> in the last decade compared to the first.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These figures can feel abstract, but here\u2019s what they mean in real terms: since 1975, the World Glacier Monitoring Service calculates we\u2019ve lost<\/a> a 25-metre-thick slab of mountain ice covering an area the size of Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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This loss is about more than just landscapes \u2013 it threatens our survival. Mountain snow and ice provide between 60%<\/a> (Unesco) and 70%<\/a> (WMO) of Earth\u2019s freshwater. As glaciers shrink, water security collapses. According to Unicef,<\/a> over 1.4 billion people \u2013 including 450 million children \u2013 live in areas of high or extreme water vulnerability. By 2050, three in four people worldwide could face drought impacts, with current drought costs already surpassing USD 307 billion<\/a> annually.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The transformation happening in our mountain freshwater reserves is happening on a breathtaking pace and scale. We\u2019re seeing dramatic glacier retreat, disappearing snowpacks, devastating thaw of permafrost and shifting vegetation, with forests moving higher or burning at lower elevations. Rain now falls where snow once did. Wildfire soot and pollution accelerate glacial melt by up to 10%<\/a> beyond record-high rates caused by global heating. Between 1982 and 2022, we lost 15 days<\/a> of global snow cover per year. In high mountains, where seasonal snowmelt is the single largest contributor to freshwater supplies, this is catastrophic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The consequences are dire. The loss of this crucial \u201cecosystem service\u201d will make farming, energy production and entire communities unviable and unlivable. Downstream irrigation, hydroelectricity and water supplies are all at risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But the impacts are not felt equally. Some regions are losing ice at an extreme rate. Europe\u2019s Alps have already lost 39%<\/a> of their ice mass. The Andes, which supply half of the Amazon River\u2019s water, have lost 30-50%<\/a> of their glaciers since the 1980s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH) mountain range, home to the largest ice reserves outside the geographic poles, may be the last to succumb, but the trend is clear: [approximately] one-fifth<\/a> of its ice mass has melted since 2000. This is no comfort, considering that half of the population depends on the 10 river basins fed by these glaciers. These rivers sustain a significant portion of  India, China and Pakistan\u2019s GDP. A UN report<\/a> warns that as HKH glaciers retreat more significantly over the long-term, reduced water flow and increased droughts will threaten food, water, energy and livelihoods. The cascading effects, from ecosystem disruptions to economic shocks to heightened risks of conflict and migration, as ICIMOD research shows, will be felt far beyond the mountains themselves. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Postcard from the \u201cvery large faucet\u201d<\/span>
\n

Canada, where I\u2019m from, is a country defined by cold: ice hockey is our national sport. We have over 20,000 of the world\u2019s 275,000 glaciers and possibly more snow than any other nation. The country\u2019s seasonal melt sustains millions of streams, wetlands and lakes, providing for productive aquatic ecosystems and hydropower generation. For millennia, sea ice has defended our Arctic coast and sustained Indigenous communities. Canada is so synonymous with frozen water that President Trump once called it a \u201cvery large faucet\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yet, this vast reservoir of ice and snow is vanishing. Canada\u2019s long coastline makes it extraordinarily vulnerable to the multimetre sea-level rise that accelerating polar ice losses could trigger \u2013 perhaps sooner than first thought, possibly within the second part of this century. But even before that crisis unfolds, another is already well underway: the Canadian Rockies have lost almost one-quarter of glacier ice storage in the [past] century alone. At present melt rates, many glaciers in Western Canada, in common with many mountain glaciers around the world, will not survive the 21st century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Already, the Kinbasket Reservoir\u2019s lakebed has been transformed into a dust bowl because of spring snow drought. Glaciers alone cannot sustain these reservoirs \u2013 sufficient seasonal snowmelt is needed. Canada\u2019s hydroelectricity and water exports both plummeted in 2023 due to a lack thereof.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And it\u2019s not just glacial ice we\u2019re losing: Canada\u2019s permafrost, or permanently frozen ground, is thawing fast. Projections suggest we could lose [around] 90% of permafrost in the Mackenzie and Yukon river basins by century\u2019s end, with devastating ecological consequences. In these landscapes, where soil is a fragile mix of ice and dirt, melting permafrost causes the ground to collapse. Entire forests tilt and fall \u2013 a phenomenon known as \u201cdrunken forests\u201d. Once fallen, they burn. Meanwhile, thawing ground structurally undermines towns, roads, pipelines and runways, causing their collapse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The warning signs are already here. Last summer, record heat in the Canadian Rockies fuelled wildfires that burned down much of Jasper\u2019s tourist centre and parts of Jasper National Park. Year after year, temperatures break new records. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The same heat waves that sparked these wildfires are also exacerbating glacier melt. Ash and soot from the wildfires settle on glacier surfaces; this darkens them, reducing their ability to reflect sunlight, and accelerating glacier melt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As glaciers retreat, late-season streamflow in places like Jasper, Alberta, will collapse, crippling the region\u2019s ability to cope with worsening wildfires.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Glaciers\u2019 drought resilience on verge of collapse<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Glaciers are already making floods in mountain regions more commonplace and destructive, yet paradoxically, they also provide a temporary boost to streamflow. This extra water has lulled us into a false sense of security by helping sustain hydropower, freshwater supplies and agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This reliance is unsustainable. As glaciers retreat, so too will the water they provide. Humanity\u2019s attempts to wean itself off its dependency on these disappearing resources \u2013 especially as droughts intensify \u2013 will be ugly.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

It\u2019s tempting to think we can control the world around us, but glaciers, snow and ice are what actually govern the natural order of things and, indirectly, the stability of our societies.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

While problems spiral into a vicious cycle, we must urgently find solutions to forge a sustainable future.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Canada, we talk about \u201cbraiding\u201d \u2013 the weaving together of traditional and scientific knowledge. Doing more of this will be fundamental as we confront the single greatest challenge of humanity\u2019s existence.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indigenous peoples everywhere, from Canada to Japan and the Himalayas, have managed water sustainably for thousands of years, integrating snow and glaciers into their traditions. Their ancestral knowledge may not offer direct solutions to today\u2019s crisis, but understanding past resilience will help us meet the challenges of the future. For millennia, humans have been master water managers, extracting water from the ground, diverting rivers, irrigating dry soils. Now, we must adapt these practices for a future without glaciers. Crucially, we must accept, as Indigenous communities do, that not everything can be for human use.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Some societies facing glacier loss are exploring<\/a> ways to delay water release for irrigation, but these solutions come with high costs and risks. Many require expensive infrastructure and could trigger unintended consequences, like flooding valleys, displacing human settlements and damaging ecosystems.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I remain an optimist, but we\u2019re heading in the wrong direction<\/blockquote><\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Indigenous teachings in Canada emphasise thinking seven generations<\/a> ahead: how will our choices today impact people 200 years from now? This long-term vision must replace five-year political cycles if we are to survive.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

One way Canada is adapting is by expanding<\/a> beaver populations. These emblematic and charismatic \u201chydro-fauna\u201d engineers build millions of dams that store vast amounts of water, regulate floods and recharge groundwater. By protecting the beaver, we help conserve our water supply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

World leaders must understand the full implications of losing mountain snow and ice. The same conditions causing glacial collapse will also bring deadly heatwaves, fatal water shortages, floods that destroy cities and homes and sea level rise that submerges entire coastal communities. 

Where will millions \u2013 perhaps billions \u2013 of displaced people go when these disasters unfold? The world is unprepared for this scale of migration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I remain an optimist, but we\u2019re heading in the wrong direction. We\u2019re too slow to reach agreements to lower greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere. This is the year we must turn things around. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

One day, I hope we can look back and say that, despite all the chaos and noise of today\u2019s world, we made the right choices \u2013 having taken decisive steps to protect the ice and snow that sustains life itself. Perhaps this will be our species\u2019 grandest challenge: by saving our glaciers, we save ourselves and our civilisation. 

The first-ever World Glacier Day, observed on 21 March, was celebrated at the UN General Assembly in New York and the Unesco headquarters in Paris. More can be found out here<\/a>. This article is an edited version of remarks Pomeroy delivered in March 2025 at the headquarters of the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) in Lalitpur, Nepal.

The International Conference on Glaciers\u2019 Preservation 2025<\/a> will be held in Dushan, Tajikistan, between 29-31 May.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The survival of our civilisation \u2013 and even our species \u2013 hinges on our ability to protect the planet\u2019s glaciers, writes scientist, hydrologist and glaciologist, John Pomeroy <\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":60080840,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[761],"tags":[519,523,50040713],"country":[50003615],"class_list":["post-60080764","opinion","type-opinion","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-climate-impacts","tag-conservation","tag-glaciers","country-world-2"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nOpinion: Preserving glaciers is key to humanity\u2019s survival<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The survival of our civilisation \u2013 and even our species \u2013 hinges on our ability to protect the planet\u2019s glaciers, writes scientist, hydrologist and glaciologist, John Pomeroy\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Opinion: Preserving glaciers is key to humanity\u2019s survival\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The survival of our civilisation \u2013 and even our species \u2013 hinges on our ability to protect the planet\u2019s glaciers, writes scientist, hydrologist and glaciologist, John Pomeroy\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-05-14T10:02:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rowaling-Valley-Nepal_Sharad-Joshi_-ICIMOD-3-1024x684.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"684\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival\/\",\"name\":\"Opinion: Preserving glaciers is key to humanity\u2019s survival\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rowaling-Valley-Nepal_Sharad-Joshi_-ICIMOD-3-e1746810858489.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-05-09T17:11:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-05-14T10:02:13+00:00\",\"description\":\"The survival of our civilisation \u2013 and even our species \u2013 hinges on our ability to protect the planet\u2019s glaciers, writes scientist, hydrologist and glaciologist, John Pomeroy\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/opinion-preserving-glaciers-is-key-to-humanitys-survival\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rowaling-Valley-Nepal_Sharad-Joshi_-ICIMOD-3-e1746810858489.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/Rowaling-Valley-Nepal_Sharad-Joshi_-ICIMOD-3-e1746810858489.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":801,\"caption\":\"RLS Rowaling Valley, Nepal. 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