{"id":50057223,"date":"2022-08-17T13:31:14","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T12:31:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=57223"},"modified":"2023-07-25T11:55:54","modified_gmt":"2023-07-25T10:55:54","slug":"57223-indigenous-women-lead-defence-of-lake-titicacas-dying-life","status":"publish","type":"photo_story","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/57223-indigenous-women-lead-defence-of-lake-titicacas-dying-life\/","title":{"rendered":"Indigenous women lead defence of Lake Titicaca\u2019s dying life"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The year 2015 was a warning for Titicaca, the lake that straddles the border between Peru and Bolivia at 3,800 metres above sea level. Over the course of the year, thousands of giant Titicaca water frogs (Telmatobius culeus<\/em>), fish and birds washed up dead on the Bolivian side of the lake, South America\u2019s second largest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt was a wake-up call of what could also happen to us,\u201d recalls Vilma Paye, 48, a women who lives in Sampaya, an Aymara indigenous community on Titicaca\u2019s Bolivian shores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That same year, Lake Poop\u00f3, which is connected to Lake Titicaca by the Desaguadero River, dried up completely. Disaster followed months later, when another 10,000 giant frogs died on the Coata River, a tributary which flows into the Peruvian part of the lake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
A Titicaca giant frog (Image: D Alarc\u00f3n and D Grunbaum, Alcide d\u2019Orbigny Natural History Museum)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

It was a crisis foretold. \u201cOur grandparents said the climate was going to change and also that some species would become extinct, but we never believed it,\u201d says Paye, one of 50 indigenous leaders in the Mujeres Unidas en Defensa del Agua<\/a> (Women United in Defence of Water), a network created in 2016 to save Titicaca from pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is alarming that we ourselves are polluting it, because this is going to cause us to become extinct \u2013 just like the giant frogs,\u201d she adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A symptom of the crisis<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

What is happening to this endangered<\/a> aquatic amphibian is a symptom of the degradation of the world\u2019s highest navigable lake. Wastewater discharges and waste from homes, hospitals and mining operations are polluting Titicaca and its entire basin, from the Desaguadero River to Lake Poop\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div>
Community leaders carry out water monitoring on the shores of Lake Titicaca (Image: Mujeres Unidas en Defensa del Agua)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Several studies<\/a> have already confirmed the presence of heavy metals<\/a> in its waters, such as arsenic, cadmium, mercury and lead, among others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe can feel what this is causing, because we [women] are the heads of the household and we use water for everything,\u201d says Paye.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Paye joined Mujeres Unidas in 2020. Together with Aymara and Quechua women defenders, she collects plastic bottles and bags from Titicaca\u2019s shores, raises awareness among young people in schools, talks to the authorities and even measures the quality of the water in order to heal her ancestral lake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A refuge in captivity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

After the mass die-offs of frogs in 2015, an emergency team rescued the survivors in Wi\u00f1aymarka, the southern portion of Lake Titicaca, to keep them at the K\u2019ayra Centre<\/a>, the only facility in Bolivia dedicated to protecting threatened amphibian species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBecause they have such permeable skin, frogs are sentinels of our environment,\u201d says biologist Teresa Camacho Badani, who is in charge of the research and conservation centre in Cochabamba, some 430 kilometres from the Wi\u00f1aymarka Lake.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Teresa<\/div>
Teresa Camacho is one of the researchers dedicated to rescuing the giant frogs of Lake Titicaca. (Image: Alcide d’Orbigny Natural History Museum)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNobody realises that what is happening to these frogs, to some extent, can happen to us. We must take notice of this signal that nature is giving us before it is too late,\u201d the herpetologist adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

During their rescue, the Titicaca frogs went through something of an odyssey once they left the lake. The team evacuated 35 amphibians from the polluted waters by plane, with support from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and Amphibian Ark, among other organisations. They then undertook an overland journey to the K\u2019ayra Centre and finally settled in a conditioned container where no pollutants enter and a control system simulates the temperature and daylight hours of their natural habitat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This refuge is part of the Alcide d’Orbigny Natural History Museum in Cochabamba, which was declared a National Heritage Site in 2014. To date, it houses 450 individuals belonging to five species of the genus Telmatobius<\/em> \u2013 native to the Andes \u2013 such as the giant Titicaca frog, as well as two terrestrial species, including the glass frog (Nymphargus bejaranoi<\/em>), which had not been seen in 17 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"rana<\/div>
In 2020, rescued Titicaca frogs successfully reproduced in captivity (Image: Teresa Camacho)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In this environment, the rescued Titicaca frogs reproduced in mid-2020, bringing their population to more than 290 individuals. For Camacho, this is the result of a great efforts to help these amphibians overcome the stress they have undergone due to the deterioration of their habitat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Guardians of the species<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In the community of Perka Norte, located on Peru\u2019s Titicaca coast, there is still hope for the giant frogs. In 2017, a scientific mission<\/a> from Denver Zoo in the US, the Cayetano Heredia University in Lima and Peruvian non-profit organisation Natural Way surveyed 13 spots in the lake. In most, there were no frogs. At some sites, only one to four frogs were found in 100-metre transects; at Perka Norte, however, the number was as high as 20 frogs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Installation<\/div>
Installation of underwater transects for research and monitoring of the Titicaca giant frog, in the community of Perka Norte (Image: Renzo Turpo)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe weren\u2019t aware that frogs were disappearing in other communities,\u201d says Elvira Chicani, a 45-year-old leader and artisan who used to fish with her grandparents in this Aymara village. \u201cSometimes they got caught in our nets, but we have always thrown them back into the lake so that they can grow bigger. Now we are looking after them much more because people want to take them to the markets.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition to pollution, the biggest threat facing this Titicaca amphibian is its trafficking for its use and sale as the main ingredient in green \u201cfrog juices\u201d in cities, such as Lima, due to popular beliefs about its supposed healing properties. In fact, it is the most trafficked species in Peru, according to an investigation by InSight Crime<\/a>, accounting for more than 50% of the 20,000 animals seized by authorities between 2015 and 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For this reason, after the findings of 2017, Natural Way continued with a population density study<\/a> of the Titicaca frog, in collaboration with the Perka Norte community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Community<\/div>
Community leader Elvira Chicani with her husband at their home in Perka Norte (Image: Natural Way)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

According to Jhazel Quispe, a biologist in charge of the organisation, during those months of research it was discovered that the traffickers had not yet arrived in this community, located an hour by boat from the city of Puno. It was also confirmed that its inhabitants had no connection with the frog other than its infrequent involvement in a ritual to call for rain. Moreover, the animal was considered unpleasant looking, with children said to be afraid of it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe came to understand that if at some point they were offered money to extract frogs, they were going to do it because they didn\u2019t feel much affection for them,\u201d says the researcher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this respect, community leader Chicani is firm: \u201cWe don\u2019t allow that here. Environmental education with the community \u2013 and especially with children and young people \u2013 was a central strategy to conserve this aquatic amphibian.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chicani reports that traffickers have arrived in cars asking where they could find frogs. \u201cSometimes we see boats coming, we take pictures of them and pass the word to the authorities,\u201d she says. \u201cBut we have chased them away.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other endangered species<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The ecological disaster at Lake Titicaca is wiping out other native species, such as the Titicaca grebe (Rollandia microptera<\/em>). In 2019, 119 of these flightless waterbirds were found dead in Suchipujo, on the Peruvian side. \u201cThe species that are dying are endemic and, therefore, indicators of any change in the quality of the lake,\u201d says biologist Quispe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"a<\/div>
Elizabeth Zenteno at a binational meeting of community leaders that sought to build an environment agenda for Lake Titicaca (Image: Mujeres Unidas en Defensa del Agua)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

For Bolivian community leader Elizabeth Zenteno, the lake is approaching a point of no return. \u201cTiticaca has lost its capacity for self-recovery, because the pollution is such that the lake is not resilient \u2013 it is now a polluted body,\u201d says the environmental engineer, who has been involved with the Mujeres Unidas for a little over a year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the last three decades, Titicaca, with a total area of over 8,200 square kilometres, has lost 90% of native fish species mainly due to overfishing and pollution, according to a recent diagnosis<\/a> by the Binational Autonomous Authority of Lake Titicaca. An estimated 20 species of Orestias, a genus of fish, have become extinct over the past six decades, while another six are on the brink of extinction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A future in the lake<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For the frogs at the K\u2019ayra Centre to return to Titicaca, the ecosystem conditions must be made safe again. To release them now \u201cwould be to condemn them to die\u201d, laments the herpetologist Camacho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
A clean-up in Chojasivi, on the Bolivian shores of Lake Titicaca, led by women leaders and young people (Image: Mujeres Unidas en Defensa del Agua)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Since 2019, the conservation centre has launched a scientific mission \u2013 once more with Natural Way, Cayetano Heredia University and Denver Zoo, alongside the Pontifical Catholic University of Ecuador \u2013 to study the habitat of the Titicaca giant frog, its threats and the genetics of this species. This research, supported by the United Nations Development Programme, aims to improve its care so that this amphibian can have a long-term future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this vein, its defenders are seeking to have Lake Titicaca declared a subject with legal rights in Peru. This recognition was granted<\/a> last year in Bolivia, due to the risk of \u201cthe disappearance of all forms of animal and plant life that live in its bed and banks\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article was published<\/a> as part of Comunidad Planeta, a project led by Periodistas por el Planeta (PxP) in Latin America, of which Di\u00e1logo Chino is a partner.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

With pollution endangering fish, frogs and birds in the lake that unites Peru and Bolivia, indigenous women are fighting to heal its waters<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":50057225,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[1],"tags":[511,20000253,555,587],"country":[50002592,50002601],"class_list":["post-50057223","photo_story","type-photo_story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-biodiversity","tag-gender","tag-indigenous-peoples","tag-rivers","country-bolivia","country-peru"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIndigenous women lead defence of Lake Titicaca\u2019s dying life<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"With pollution endangering fish, frogs and birds in the sacred lake that unites Peru and Bolivia, indigenous women fight to heal its waters\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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