{"id":50060272,"date":"2022-11-07T15:00:57","date_gmt":"2022-11-07T15:00:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stage.dialogochino.net\/?p=60272"},"modified":"2023-05-31T16:48:01","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T15:48:01","slug":"60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest","status":"publish","type":"photo_story","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/","title":{"rendered":"Gran Chaco: Argentina risks losing its largest native forest"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Though it attracts less attention than its Amazon neighbour, the Gran Chaco has one of the highest deforestation rates in the world, having lost over a quarter<\/a> of its forest area since 2000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Destruction in the biome, which stretches across northern Argentina, Paraguay, southern Bolivia and southernmost Brazil, has been driven in recent decades, in particular, by the expansion of genetically modified soybean production and cattle ranching.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the province of Chaco in northern Argentina, however, the forest has recently seen a period of uneasy peace. In late 2020, legal protections were introduced to suspend the razing of forests in the province, after its authorities failed to update its\u00a0land use plan for native forests<\/a>, known as a \u201cterritorial ordering\u201d (OTBN). Argentine law requires provinces to update these orderings every five years, classifying their forest areas by conservation value. Chaco\u2019s most recent ordering, however, had expired in 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

More than 376,000 hectares<\/p>

The area of native forest lost between 2008 and 2020 in the province of Chaco, according to the Agroforestry Network Chaco Argentina.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Despite the court intervention, Greenpeace reports that over 18,000 hectares<\/a> of forest area were cleared in the province last year, while a further 10,000 hectares<\/a> have been lost so far in 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The territorial ordering system was established under the Native Forest Law<\/a> of 2007, which entered into force in 2009. It sets out three categories of classification for forest areas: Category I (Red) for areas of high conservation value that should not be transformed; Category II (Yellow) for areas of medium conservation value, which may be degraded but as long as adequate restoration activities are undertaken; and Category III (Green), areas of low conservation value that can be partially or totally transformed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to the\u00a0deforestation monitoring platform<\/a>\u00a0run by the Agroforestry Network Chaco Argentina (Redaf), between 2008 and 2020, the province lost over 376,000 hectares of native forest, mostly in Green but also in Yellow and Red areas, where logging is not permitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Despite these losses, in late September, the provincial government presented\u00a0a proposal<\/a>\u00a0to update its land use plan for native forests, under which areas categorised under Green would be expanded, opening the door for yet more deforestation. The proposal still has to be adopted by the provincial legislature, but has nonetheless attracted fierce criticism, with concerns that it will only hasten destruction in South America\u2019s second largest forest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Indigenous and activists fight deforestation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Epifanio Leiva lives in a small house in the town of Miraflores, the last settlement one passes before taking the dirt road towards the forest known as El Impenetrable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Leiva\u2019s ancestors lived, and were buried, in a territory of over 10,000 hectares that was later occupied by the provincial government in order to develop this corner of Chaco, mainly being given over to timber production and agribusiness. They were displaced and moved to a smaller plot, where they now make their living by producing indigenous crafts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn 1915, my grandfather was told that part of the land between Castelli and Miraflores was going to be divided between the 24 chiefs of the tribe and each of them would receive 10,000 hectares,\u201d Leiva tells us. \u201cMore than a century has passed, and we are still waiting for the local authorities to comply with their promise. Now this landscape has lost its natural resources to the hands of criollos<\/em>, so we cannot continue with our traditional livelihoods with wild animals as we used to.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mempo Giardinelli is a celebrated Argentine novelist and Chaco native, who also runs\u00a0a foundation<\/a>\u00a0promoting literacy and education in the province. He explains that Chaco went from being a \u201cjungle\u201d province to a forestry province, and one that developed without planning or environmental awareness.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Mempo<\/div>
Argentine novelist and Chaco native Mempo Giardinelli: \u201cI fear that an economy forced to make adjustments to comply with an IMF loan will have to sell the natural resources of El Impenetrable to pay its foreign debt.\u201d (Image: Ignacio Conese)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Driven by the extraction of the hardwood Schinopsis balansae<\/em>, or red quebracho trees \u2013 a name meaning \u201caxe-breaker\u201d \u2013 deforestation began apace with the operations of the British logging company La Forestal<\/a> in the late 1800s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Although La Forestal disappeared in the 1960s, in the era of the Argentine military dictatorship (1976\u20131983), the government began to penetrate the deep forest of the Chaco ecoregion<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Today, in the Red conservation areas located in the northwest of the province, only 20-25%<\/a> of the original forest remains. \u201cI fear that an economy that is forced to make adjustments to comply with an IMF loan will have to sell the natural resources of El Impenetrable to pay its foreign debt,\u201d says Giardinelli, referencing economic pressures linked to Argentina\u2019s debt restructuring<\/a> with the International Monetary Fund.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ruben Luca is the Wich\u00ed indigneous leader of MOWITOB, an organisation representing Moqoit, Wich\u00ed and Toba indigenous groups that controls the so-called Reserva Grande, a 300,000-hectare territory in northern Chaco. Luca says the organisation supports sustainable use of the forests in Chaco, and understands the need to use the resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The problem is that the trees, especially the red quebracho and carob are given away,\u201d Luca said. \u201cThere are fewer and fewer carob trees left, the logging companies decide the price \u2013 and what they pay is miserable.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Ricardo<\/div>
Ricardo Tiddi, from Somos Monte Chaco, an NGO. His organisation has denounced the leniencies and systems of punishments for deforestation, and says official figures do not show the scale of destruction (Image: Ignacio Conese)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ricardo Tiddi, from the NGO Somos Monte Chaco<\/a>, said that according to official data, a million tonnes of wood are extracted each year in Chaco \u2013 a figure that likely does not give the full picture, given the large amount of wood that is taken out illegally; the true scale may reach levels as high as two to three million tonnes per year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is cheaper for the agroforestry sector to buy land in forested areas which by law cannot be cleared, and to then lobby for special clearing permits, or to just pay the ridiculous [small] fines,\u201d says Tiddi. \u201cWhat we are witnessing in Chaco is no longer damage to native forests, but simply extinction.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tannin factories in Chaco<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

At the end of 2020, Chaco celebrated the start of operations at two biomass plants<\/a> that use waste from the tannin industry, which pitch themselves as a \u201csustainable\u201d energy source.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

According to official statistics seen by Di\u00e1logo Chino, in 2021, a total of 423,000 tonnes of logs were produced in Chaco, much of it taken from native forest by the provincial forestry industry. Of this output, 38%, or 163,000 tonnes, was destined for the tannin industry, with the remainder of the wood and by-products used by sawmills, carpentry and furniture manufacturers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"truck<\/div>
A truck loaded with red quebracho logs arrives at the Indunor plant in La Escondida, in Argentina\u2019s Chaco province, to be processed for tannin extraction (Image: Ignacio Conese)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The Indunor tannin plant, in the town of La Escondida, processes over 160,000 tonnes of logs per year. Along with Indunor\u2019s other facility in La Verde, also in Chaco province, the plant contributes to the company\u2019s annual production of 25,000 tonnes<\/a> of tannin, to be used in leather production, oil and mineral processing, cement and asphalt, ceramics and sanitary products.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Michelle Battaglia, Indunor\u2019s president, said that over the last 10 years the company has used wood from deforested land as it was \u201cnonsense to let it burn\u201d. Recent years have seen repeated waves of wildfires blaze across the Gran Chaco<\/a>, with all four nations seeing some of the worst fires in decades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For zootechnical engineer Mauricio Tinari, from the Fundaci\u00f3n Gran Chaco, species of forestry interest \u2013 carob trees and quebrachos, primarily \u2013 should be harvested in an orderly manner and by applying the appropriate technical criteria. \u201cIf harvesting continues indiscriminately, these trees would be all gone in about 15-20 years,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"quebracho<\/div>
Piles of red quebracho logs at a plant run by the company Unit\u00e1n, a tannin producer, in Chaco province (Image: Ignacio Conese)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Activists from Somos Monte Chaco have long denounced the tannin plants\u2019 use of wood derived from clearing or through changes in land use, many of them without official permits. The organisation\u2019s Tiddi also complains of some of the intricacies, and leniencies, of the punishments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhen tannin plants are discovered [to have used wood from illegal clearing] and sanctioned by the authorities, the companies or owners of the fields from which the illegal clearing came are sanctioned with fines that can be paid in instalments, and that can be discounted if made as cash payments,\u201d said Tiddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chaco\u2019s development in global context<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The proposed new land use plan for native forests has been presented by the provincial government as being \u201csustainable<\/a>\u201d, despite its opening up to logging in areas where it is currently prohibited. Chaco governor Jorge Capitanich said<\/a> that the plan allows for the agricultural sector to expand in a sustainable way, and vowed to improve surveillance systems and tackle illegal deforestation with stronger fines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Capitanich also said he will raise funds for forest protection and monitoring through the issuance of green bonds, with a system of \u201cEco-Tokens<\/a>\u201d that would cover 100,000 hectares of the province\u2019s forests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Jorge<\/div>
The governor of Chaco province, Jorge Capitanich, discusses native forest management and development plans for his province. (Image: Ignacio Conese)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The governor recently remarked<\/a> that \u201cas a country, we must strengthen our environmental creditor strategy\u201d, referring to the fact that Argentina is providing ecosystem services to the rest of the world because of the carbon dioxide captured by its native forests \u2013 an argument also used by Argentina\u2019s national government. Carbon credits<\/a>, traded on international markets, are the subject of growing enthusiasm in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

At the beginning of November, Argentine president Alberto Fern\u00e1ndez presented the National Plan for Adaptation and Mitigation to Climate Change<\/a> ahead of the upcoming COP27 climate summit in Egypt. Hot off the back of Lula da Silva\u2019s election victory in neighbouring Brazil, he told press<\/a> at the plan\u2019s presentation that \u201ctogether with Brazil and Latin American countries, we are the lungs of the world.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But new plans in the Chaco put the country\u2019s stewardship of these lungs in doubt. Mat\u00edas Mastrangelo, a researcher at the National Council for Science and Technology (CONICET), recently wrote in El Diario<\/a> that the new territorial ordering of native forests in Chaco in fact violates Argentina\u2019s Native Forests Law, as it degrades the conservation value from Green to Yellow of more than 376,350 hectares of native forests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Chaco, the provincial ministry of environment has police powers in almost everything related to the control of natural resources, except in the protection of forests, which is managed by the production ministry. \u201cHere, the tannin companies precede the province and the state, so they still believe that they can rule above the law,\u201d said Paula Soneira, a biologist and Chaco\u2019s former undersecretary of environment and biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Soneira, it is no longer just a matter of conserving what the forest law stipulates, but of preparing the province for the effects of climate change: \u201cThis year in El Impenetrable and in Chaco\u2019s capital city, we suffered heat spikes that had not occurred before. It is not possible to produce commodities in the same way as 100 years ago. This decade requires adaptation and reducing the severe impacts of climate change.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"The<\/div>
The El Cachap\u00e9 lagoon, home to a species of singing frogs, is a reflection of the biodiversity that still abounds in the Chaco (Image: Ignacio Conese)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In a recent interview<\/a>, Chaco congressman Nicol\u00e1s Slimel said he wants to vote on a new proposal that could represent the social and ecological interests of the province, in accordance with the national forestry laws. The working group of which he is part of wants to expand the productive areas of the province without reducing the conservation areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fernando Mi\u00f1arro, director of conservation at the Fundaci\u00f3n Vida Silvestre<\/a>, an Argentine NGO, said they are still hopeful the new Chaco land use plan for native forests won\u2019t progress. \u201cEven if the Chaco legislature approves this plan, the national government\u2019s environment ministry won\u2019t be likely to support a plan that ignores forest protection,\u201d he told Di\u00e1logo Chino.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

For Somos Monte Chaco\u2019s Tiddi, the current process around the land use plan is a further exposition of the colonial violence<\/a> that has marked the region\u2019s history. This pattern of intrusion, he says, endures to this day, as the government continues to impose itself on indigenous peoples \u2013 peoples who have been present in the Chaco long before the national and provincial states were founded. In their most recent petition, the NGO made its demands clear: \u201cNo more clearing with bulldozers, no more forests can be lost.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A proposed change in land use rules could give green light to deforestation in the Chaco biome, and casts doubt on the country\u2019s pledge to curb forest loss by 2030<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":50060333,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[1],"tags":[531,555,50029826],"country":[50000020],"class_list":["post-50060272","photo_story","type-photo_story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-deforestation","tag-indigenous-peoples","tag-timber","country-argentina"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGran Chaco: Argentina risks losing its largest native forest<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A proposed change in land use rules could give green light to Chaco deforestation and threaten national pledge to curb forest loss by 2030\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gran Chaco: Argentina risks losing its largest native forest\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A proposed change in land use rules could give green light to deforestation in the Chaco biome, and cast doubt on the country\u2019s pledge to curb forest loss by 2030\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-31T15:48:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bermejo-River_GP1SXZ9N-\u00a9-Martin-Katz-Greenpeace-scaled.jpeg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1333\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Gran Chaco: Argentina risks losing its largest native forest\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"A proposed change in land use rules could give green light to deforestation in the Chaco biome, and cast doubt on the country\u2019s pledge to curb forest loss by 2030\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/\",\"name\":\"Gran Chaco: Argentina risks losing its largest native forest\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bermejo-River_GP1SXZ9N-\u00a9-Martin-Katz-Greenpeace-scaled.jpeg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-11-07T15:00:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-05-31T15:48:01+00:00\",\"description\":\"A proposed change in land use rules could give green light to Chaco deforestation and threaten national pledge to curb forest loss by 2030\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bermejo-River_GP1SXZ9N-\u00a9-Martin-Katz-Greenpeace-scaled.jpeg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Bermejo-River_GP1SXZ9N-\u00a9-Martin-Katz-Greenpeace-scaled.jpeg\",\"width\":2000,\"height\":1333,\"caption\":\"By comparing satellite images, Greenpeace estimated that, between January and June 2022, deforestation in northern Argentina reached 41,332 hectares, which is equivalent to twice the area of the city of Buenos Aires. 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between January and June 2022, deforestation in northern Argentina reached 41,332 hectares, which is equivalent to twice the area of the city of Buenos Aires. The forests, habitat of the Jaguar, are increasingly threatened by the advance of the agricultural frontier. Scientists estimate that, in Argentina, in the last two centuries, the territory of the Jaguar was reduced to only 5% of its original surface. By violating the Forest Law, the provincial governments of Salta, Santiago del Estero, Chaco and Formosa are responsible for the imminent extinction of this species in the Argentine Gran Chaco, where it is estimated that there are less than 20 individuals left."},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/60272-gran-chaco-argentina-risks-losing-its-largest-native-forest\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Gran Chaco: Argentina risks losing its largest native forest"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","name":"Dialogue Earth","description":"Global climate and environment news","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization","name":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en","@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Dialogue-Earth-Symbol-Logo_Black-Text.png","width":256,"height":256,"caption":"\u5bf9\u8bdd\u5730\u7403"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/twitter.com\/DialogueEarth_","","https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/DialogueEarth.English","https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/dialogue.earth\/","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/dialogueearth\/"],"publishingPrinciples":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/about\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/photo_story\/50060272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/photo_story"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/photo_story"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50060272"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/photo_story\/50060272\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/50060333"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50060272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50060272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50060272"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=50060272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}