{"id":60006267,"date":"2024-04-16T09:52:51","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T09:52:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/?post_type=photo_story&p=60006267"},"modified":"2025-04-03T19:51:04","modified_gmt":"2025-04-03T18:51:04","slug":"hopes-and-doubts-as-an-amazon-city-prepares-to-host-cop30","status":"publish","type":"photo_story","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/hopes-and-doubts-as-an-amazon-city-prepares-to-host-cop30\/","title":{"rendered":"Hopes and doubts as an Amazon city prepares to host COP30"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Preparations are underway in the Brazilian city of Bel\u00e9m as it gets ready to host the United Nations\u2019 COP30 climate conference in November 2025 \u2013 a crucial meeting for the future of the planet, and one unprecedented in size for this northern corner of the Amazon rainforest. As the eyes of the world turn towards it, attention is falling on the city\u2019s capacity to welcome the world, and the structural challenges faced by its residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The call for the Amazon to host the event was led by Brazil\u2019s then president-elect Luiz In\u00e1cio Lula da Silva, during his visit to COP27 in Egypt<\/a> in November 2022. \u201cI think it\u2019s very important that people who defend the Amazon and who defend the climate get to know that region up close,\u201d Lula told the conference. Bel\u00e9m\u2019s official candidacy was launched following his inauguration in January 2023 and was accepted<\/a> by the UN at the end of the year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The selection of the city often dubbed the \u201cgateway to the Amazon\u201d as host for COP30 is recognition for the central role the rainforest plays in the planet\u2019s geopolitics and economy, experts say. \u201cThis is the moment to encourage the leading role that only we in the region can play,\u201d says Jo\u00e3o Cl\u00e1udio Tupinamb\u00e1, a professor at the University of the Amazon in Bel\u00e9m, who is representing the institution in the preparations for COP30. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the city, the capital of the northern state of Par\u00e1, still struggles to guarantee a healthy environment and basic services for many of its 1.3 million citizens \u2013 a picture similar<\/a> to that of many municipalities in Brazil\u2019s Amazon region. In the middle of the world\u2019s largest river basin, 23% of Bel\u00e9m\u2019s residents lack access<\/a> to the city\u2019s drinking water supply, while 83% are not connected to the sewage system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"wide<\/div>
A waterway in central Bel\u00e9m. The management of sewage and household waste present significant challenges for authorities and residents in the city. (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAround here, we hear a lot of promises, but when it comes to concrete works, the reality is different,\u201d said Renata Corr\u00eaa, a Bel\u00e9m resident who sells tapioca for a living.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Corr\u00eaa highlights open-air waste dumps, a dilapidated historic centre, and limited hotel capacity<\/a> as significant challenges as the city looks towards COP30, for which more than 40,000 participants<\/a> are expected to attend. On both land and water, connecting with the islands across the Guajar\u00e1 Bay on which the city sits, public transport is precarious, sometimes non-existent in more remote areas. While the size of Bel\u00e9m\u2019s vehicle fleet grows<\/a> every year \u2013 at a faster rate than the population \u2013 its roads remain narrow and bumpy, often leading to chaotic traffic. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

With less than two years to go and many challenges to confront, Bel\u00e9m\u2019s residents told Dialogue Earth that the road to COP30 may also be a bumpy one, though some remain hopeful of a better future and legacy following the event.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Promised works<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Since Bel\u00e9m\u2019s confirmation as COP30 host, at least four major projects<\/a> related to the event have been announced, set to be funded by the regional and national governments, as well as the private sector. Among them is the renovation of one of the city\u2019s postcard landmarks, the Ver-o-Peso market, the largest open-air market in Latin America<\/a>, which houses the city\u2019s biggest fish, meat and a\u00e7a\u00ed exchanges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"people<\/div>
In the early hours, vendors sell a\u00e7a\u00ed at the Ver-o-Peso market, the largest open-air market in Latin America. Despite the government\u2019s announcement of significant investments to renovate this 25,000-metre complex, traders remain sceptical. (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Founded<\/a> as a customs post after the arrival<\/a> of European settlers in Bel\u00e9m more than four centuries ago, the 25,000-metre complex will receive<\/a> investments of 63 million reais (USD 12.6 million) from Brazil\u2019s National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage. However, scepticism remains among market traders who have not seen major works on the site for over 20 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Maria Cristina dos Anjos do Carmo, 63, has been selling medicinal herbs native to the Amazon for over 42 years at the market. She learned how to make banho de cheiro \u2013<\/em> \u201cscent baths\u201d of mixed herbs and plants that are popular in local rituals \u2013 at home on Maraj\u00f3, a large island and protected area across the Guajar\u00e1 Bay from Bel\u00e9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cVer-o-Peso has given me everything I have today \u2013 this is where I make my living, it was with the money from my work here that I was able to buy my house, and I want more people in the world to get to know our herbs,\u201d says Carmo from her stall. \u201cBut our space is completely derelict.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"seated<\/div>
Maria Cristina dos Anjos do Carmo displays Amazonian medicinal herbs, which she has sold at the Ver-o-Peso market for 42 years. Stalls here show signs of wear from the weather, with no significant renovations made to the site in over 20 years. (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"people<\/div>
Municipal workers manually remove weeds sprouting through the cobblestones in the city centre of Bel\u00e9m (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

At Ver-o-Peso at the end of February, our reporters saw the frames of stalls corroded by the weather, torn tarpaulins with improvised repairs, and a handful of public workers cleaning up the historic streets, littered with rubbish and weeds poking through the cobblestones. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In contrast, Jo\u00e3o Alexandre Trindade da Silva, 61, who also sells medicinal herbs, expects to strengthen his sales and believes that the market traders have an opportunity to up their skills as the summit nears: \u201cI still don\u2019t know how this will be done, but I imagine, in the future, a Ver-o-Peso where we will all speak English and do good business.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 There\u2019s no point in giving the city a makeover just for the COP. Either you do a good job or you don\u2019t<\/blockquote>Fernando Souza, president of the local fishmongers\u2019 union<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Fernando Souza, 54, buys and resells seafood that fishmongers at the market source from around Bel\u00e9m, and serves as president of the local fishmongers\u2019 union. \u201cIt\u2019s a good place to work, but it needs to be better looked after by the relevant bodies, since we\u2019re the biggest attraction on a Bel\u00e9m postcard,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"man<\/div>
At his stall in Ver-o-Peso market, Fernando Souza, the president of the local fishmongers\u2019 union, speaks of concerns over the delivery of initiatives that can satisfy the needs of both COP30 visitors and the local population (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Souza fears that there will not be enough time to deliver quality projects that serve both COP30 and the population: \u201cThere\u2019s no point in giving the city a makeover just for the COP. Either you do a good job or you don\u2019t.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another planned project is to transform<\/a> a disused airport into a 50-hectare complex featuring everything from cultural centres, theatres and an exhibition space, to food courts and markets. This project and the expansion of Porto Futuro, a port complex on the shores of the Guajar\u00e1 Bay, are set to be financed<\/a> by Vale \u2013 the multinational mining company behind the collapses of both the Mariana<\/a> and Brumadinho<\/a> dams in Minas Gerais state, which were among the worst environmental disasters in Brazil\u2019s history, leading to severe damage and nearly 300 deaths. The company has also been accused by Indigenous peoples, such as the Aw\u00e1 Guaj\u00e1<\/a>, of violating their land rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"aerial<\/div>
Construction work has begun to turn an abandoned airport into a 50-hectare complex planned to host cultural centres and theatres, food courts and more (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Beyond infrastructure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jo\u00e3o Cl\u00e1udio Tupinamb\u00e1 says that the city must consider more than just a legacy of new infrastructure when looking at the opportunities offered by hosting COP30. \u201cWe shouldn\u2019t limit the COP to a mere event or superficial negotiations about investment,\u201d he says. \u201cThis is too little in the face of the opportunity and what we have in hand: the Amazon rainforest, the intelligence existing in the region and the knowledge we have already produced here.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tupinamb\u00e1 believes that this is a chance to highlight the potential of the Amazon, and says it is essential that local representatives manage to secure deals for the event and the future of the Amazon that ensure profits remain in the region: \u201cThere is no precedent for local economic actors to have participated in strategic decisions about the development model for the Amazon.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"people<\/div>
A poster at a passenger boat terminal announces COP30 in Bel\u00e9m. The city\u2019s campaign to host the COP was spearheaded by the Par\u00e1 government, which has in recent years also sought to promote the state\u2019s bioeconomy and reduce deforestation. (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Bel\u00e9m\u2019s pick as Brazil\u2019s host city for COP30 comes in the wake of strong campaigning by the governor of Par\u00e1 state, Helder Barbalho, who has in recent years sought to sell a package of green solutions to the international market. He has announced plans focusing on boosting climate finance<\/a>, promoting the bioeconomy<\/a>, and actions to reduce forest loss in a state that, since 2006, has seen more deforestation<\/a> than any other in the Brazilian Amazon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In August 2023, the Par\u00e1 capital hosted another major event: the Amazon Summit<\/a>, which brought together leaders from the South American countries that share the rainforest, aiming to boost cooperation on its protection. The gathering ended with frustration from observers at a lack of concrete targets to curb deforestation in the biome. As of 2021, 17%<\/a> of the Amazon\u2019s original forest cover was estimated to have been lost, edging ever closer to an irreversible \u201ctipping point<\/a>\u201d that could lead to the forest\u2019s progressive death, and have significant implications for global climate and biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Riverside communities<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ilha do Combu is one of the 39 islands that surround Bel\u00e9m in the Guajar\u00e1 Bay, and is an environmentally protected area<\/a>. There are few official records, but it is thought to have been founded<\/a> in the 19th century by Indigenous and black populations who fled to the islands to avoid impacts from the city\u2019s urbanisation. Today, its inhabitants make their living from fishing and forestry, especially the harvesting of a\u00e7a\u00ed palm trees, found all over the island.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
\n
\"building<\/div>
A pier in Ilha do Combu, an environmentally protected area and one of the 39 islands surrounding Bel\u00e9m in the Guajar\u00e1 Bay. Each week, thousands commute by ferry from the island to the city. (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\"two<\/div>
Suelane Costa (left) and Edienif Eva Costa (right) work at a restaurant on Ilha do Combu. Island residents have voiced doubts over the city\u2019s capacity to host COP30, highlighting deficiencies in ferry transport and drinking water supply. (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Edienif Eva Costa, 21, was born on the island and is the daughter of ribeirinhos<\/em>, the name given to traditional riverside-dwelling communities. Her family fishes for a living and grows a\u00e7a\u00ed for their own food. To help with the family income, she also works in a local restaurant. She hadn\u2019t even heard of COP30: \u201cI\u2019m finding out about this event now, because you\u2019re talking about it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Official population figures for the islands are lacking, but according to the town hall, around 2,500 people travel by ferry from the island to Bel\u00e9m between Monday and Friday, while 15,000 do so at weekends. Ilha do Combu has made a name for itself as an ecotourism spot, thanks to largely to its preserved Amazon rainforest surroundings, though its residents must also deal with water pollution and inadequate waste services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a restaurant on the water\u2019s edge, waitress Suelane Costa, 28, expresses doubt over the city\u2019s ability to host COP30: \u201cI keep imagining an event of this size in Bel\u00e9m. Our city is beautiful, but all you have to do is look around and see that it\u2019s completely dilapidated.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"two<\/div>
A waste collection boat serving riverside communities near Bel\u00e9m operates only twice a week. Ilha do Combu has emerged as an ecotourism destination, yet its residents grapple with water pollution and insufficient waste services. (Image: Christian Braga \/ Dialogue Earth)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

M\u00e1rio Carvalho, 44, is the manager of a business that is popular with tourists to the island: Casa do Chocolate Filha do Combu, which produces organic Amazonian cocoa for use in its chocolate. He says that the company has already started investing to prepare for the upsurge in visitors for COP30, with the construction of a caf\u00e9, an increase in chocolate production and improvements to the path that leads to his cocoa plantation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Carvalho regularly travels from Bel\u00e9m to the island. He says this is why, in addition to tourism, he would like to see longstanding demands resolved, such as improving the quality of ferry transport and drinking water supply. But, he cautions, \u201cCOP30 won\u2019t change our daily reality, because when they think of us, they look at us through the eyes of tourism.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Between now and November 2025, Bel\u00e9m faces a series of challenges, not only to ensure its success in welcoming the world, but, above all, that it also creates sustainable and lasting opportunities for its residents, Carvalho says: \u201cCOP30 is a unique opportunity, but the results will only be positive for those who live in and defend the Amazon if the resources are really well utilised.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Brazilian city of Bel\u00e9m will welcome the world at next year\u2019s UN climate summit, but faces a race to be ready. Its residents are calling for a lasting legacy and investment<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":60006268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","categories":[761],"tags":[506,556,587],"country":[50000021],"class_list":["post-60006267","photo_story","type-photo_story","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-amazon","tag-infrastructure","tag-rivers","country-brazil"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHopes and doubts as an Amazon city prepares to host COP30<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Brazilian city of Bel\u00e9m will welcome the world at next year\u2019s UN climate summit, but faces a race to be ready. 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