{"id":119713,"date":"2024-03-07T11:30:20","date_gmt":"2024-03-07T11:30:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/chinadialogue.net\/?p=119713"},"modified":"2024-04-11T11:54:09","modified_gmt":"2024-04-11T11:54:09","slug":"zimbabwe-schoolchildren-drop-out-for-lithium-mines","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/zimbabwe-schoolchildren-drop-out-for-lithium-mines\/","title":{"rendered":"Schoolchildren in Zimbabwe drop out for lithium mines"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In August 2023, Zimbabwe\u2019s president Emmerson Mnangagwa opened a plant to process lithium in the eastern province of Manicaland.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was to support the vast <\/a>Sabi Star lithium mine, which has been designed to produce 900,000 tonnes<\/a> of ore per year, equivalent to 200,000 tonnes of lithium concentrate, according to the company that owns the mine. Mnangagwa praised<\/a> the company for adding value to the mined material before export. This, he said, reduces Zimbabwe\u2019s reliance on imports and \u201cpositions Zimbabwe as a key player in the lithium market.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lithium is a core ingredient in the batteries of electric vehicles, machines seen as key to the global transition away from fossil fuel use.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Power China, a Chinese state-owned conglomerate, built the Sabi Star mine in 2022. Covering 2,637 hectares<\/a>, it is owned by Max Mind Investments, the Zimbabwean subsidiary of Shenzhen Chengxin Lithium Group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

By creating jobs, the mine has brought relief for some families from neighbouring villages Mukwasi and Togara. Many here eke out a living primarily from crop and animal farming, which is insufficient and precarious as the area receives little rainfall during the drier months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But there have been downsides too. Many of the roughly 40 families relocated to make space for the mine did not feel properly consulted or legally represented, according to national newspaper the Standard<\/a>. Moreover, with their families struggling to afford school fees, some students from Mavangwe and Mukwasi secondary schools have begun dropping out to work on the mine instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This follows a long-term nationwide trend of students leaving school to work in new mines, leaving them ill equipped for their long-term future, experts say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pushed into work by poverty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Joshua (not his real name) left secondary school for a mining job after his parents, both unemployed, were unable to pay the US$40 tuition fee for that school term. The eldest of five children, he lives in Majere, a village several kilometres from the Sabi Star mine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMy family was struggling to make out a living,\u201d Joshua, 18, tells China Dialogue. \u201cI remember going to school in torn shoes, school fees going unpaid for several terms and [I] could not afford a simple lunch,\u201d Joshua says. \u201cThe mine in our area came at the right time.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Joshua earns around US$250 per month, and his situation is not unusual among young Zimbabweans. He says most of the former students who joined the mine were hired as it was being established. The work was mostly unskilled, such as clearing the site in preparation for extraction. The mine\u2019s public relations officer says the mine advertised jobs in newspapers and by informing village heads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Due to poverty and other reasons, students in local secondary schools may begin their education later than normal. \u201cMost of the learners are above 18 years old and it was difficult for the mine to determine whether the hired [mine worker] was still a learner,\u201d a source close to the issue tells China Dialogue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not an isolated case<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The situation is not confined to Mukwasi and Togara. Last year, students in Marange district, also in Manicaland province, were reported to have left school amid the diamond rush<\/a> in the area. In 2020, children were working<\/a> in gold mines and cotton fields in Chakari village, in Mashonaland West province, during the coronavirus pandemic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Taungana Ndoro, director of communications and advocacy at Zimbabwe\u2019s Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education, says the situation in the villages was not unique. The ministry has been using various strategies, such as outreach programmes, to ensure students do not drop out to take on mining jobs, he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Two<\/div>
Workers mine granite at the Jinding mine in Mutoko, Zimbabwe\u2019s Mashonaland East province (Image: Shaun Jusa \/ Xinhua via Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAs a ministry, we go out campaigning, encouraging learners to come back to school if they have left school for one reason or another,\u201d Ndoro tells China Dialogue. \u201cThough the chances provided by the mine seem lucrative, we always advise learners to invest in education first.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

But campaigns and encouragement may not be enough. The high drop-out rate is enabled by unregulated mining in the country, which ignores labour laws on age limits, says Frank Nyasha Mpahlo of Green Governance Zimbabwe Trust, an NGO. The rate is exacerbated by the country\u2019s inadequate child labour laws, stunted economic environment and poor parental guidance, he adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf all mining activities were licensed or\u2026 well monitored, children would not be left to neglect school and participate in illegal mining,\u201d says Mpahlo. It is the responsibility of the government \u201cto extend efforts that regulate and monitor mining activities across the country to avoid [underage] children taking part.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Max Mind Investments, the company that owns Sabi Star mine, told China Dialogue it is aiming to introduce a bursary for underprivileged students to stay in school and complete their studies, but did not give further details.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is no way I will ever think of going back to school<\/blockquote>Joshua, lithium mine worker<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Such initiatives may be too little, too late, however. \u201cThere is no way I will ever think of going back to school,\u201d Joshua says. \u201cI have already established my family lifeline. Now I am able to provide\u2026 I [even] pay school fees for my siblings.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

If the Zimbabwean government does not persevere in encouraging young people to invest in education, experts fear a growing section of the younger generation may suffer the consequences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIf learners in mining areas continue leaving school for mining, that community will in the long run face some social ills such as early marriages and child abuse. Those areas will be economically depressed,\u201d says Mphalo, who adds that education \u201cempowers communities\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, the anonymous source tells China Dialogue that the schools are always ready to accept the former students if they decide to come back.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article was produced as a result of a reporting grant programme organised by China Dialogue and the Africa-China Reporting Project at the Wits Centre for Journalism, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In some villages, unaffordable tuition fees are driving secondary school students to leave in favour of the mines<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4110,"featured_media":119721,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758],"tags":[18133,566],"hashtags":[],"country":[50040746],"class_list":["post-119713","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business","tag-lithium","tag-mining","country-zimbabwe"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nSchoolchildren in Zimbabwe drop out for lithium mines | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In some villages, unaffordable tuition fees are driving secondary school students to leave in favour of the mines\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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