{"id":20000991,"date":"2010-12-25T14:57:33","date_gmt":"2010-12-25T14:57:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/184.172.177.95\/~chinad\/?p=991"},"modified":"2010-12-25T14:57:33","modified_gmt":"2010-12-25T14:57:33","slug":"on-the-mekong-a-better-way","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/on-the-mekong-a-better-way\/","title":{"rendered":"On the Mekong, a better way (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Concluding his article on hydropower in south-west China, Qin Hui argues there is opportunity in friction. China must learn lessons from its regional dealings \u2013 and then apply them at home.<\/p>\n<p><\/strong><a href=\"http:\/\/184.172.177.95\/~chinad\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/On_the_Mekong_a_better_way_1441.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-3152\" title=\"On_the_Mekong_a_better_way_144\" src=\"http:\/\/184.172.177.95\/~chinad\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/12\/On_the_Mekong_a_better_way_1441.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"144\" height=\"89\" \/><\/a>As well as plenty of finger-pointing, this year has seen\u00a0positive developments in the regional conversation over the Mekong.\u00a0In the run-up to the April meeting of the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.mrcmekong.org\/\">Mekong River Commission<\/a>, a collaborative body founded by Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand, and at which China and Burma have observer status, China made a\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/china\/2010-04\/04\/content_9685698.htm\">welcome gesture<\/a>\u00a0of cooperation. It said it would:provide hydrology data from the Manwan and Jinghong reservoirs;\u00a0consider downstream interests when planning development of the river;and be willing to discuss matters with those affected\u00a0by such development.<\/p>\n<p>These are all good signs, but I still think China could be more open. For example, why is it handing over data on\u00a0only\u00a0the two smaller reservoirs and not the key Xiaowan reservoir,\u00a0which is 10 timesbigger\u00a0and able to affect river flow over a number of years? It would at least be consistent if China\u00a0\u2013 on grounds of sovereignty \u2013 refused\u00a0to provide any data at all (not, of course, that I\u2019m suggesting it do that). But to provide data on only the smaller reservoirs will only make others wonder what is going on elsewhere. And if further criticism forces China to provide the extra information, then it will appear to be on the back foot.<\/p>\n<p>Could China not be more proactive? After all, the reservoir does not have a lid and there are any number of satellites that could monitor its water levels. And if, as some have speculated, China\u2019s critics have \u201creceived support from western, anti-China forces\u201d, it would be\u00a0a small step for\u00a0the west to hand over that datato countries on the Mekong. If they aren\u2019t receiving that\u00a0data, then the speculation is unfounded. Why doesn\u2019t China just hand it over and avoid unnecessary suspicion?<\/p>\n<p>On my visits to south-east Asia, I encountered misunderstandings about China\u2019s actions among the general public. For example, I heard complaints about this or that consequence of the\u00a0\u201ceight reservoirs\u201d\u00a0China has built on the Lancang\u00a0\u2013 even though the\u00a0country has so far only constructed four of the eight it eventually plans to develop.<\/p>\n<p>However, most of the complaints I heard focused not on what China is doing, but on its refusal to communicate, which leaves these communities in the dark. They say China\u2019s authorities are only willing to deal with governments, and not NGOs or the public, and that attempts to obtain information from Chinese embassies and companies are rebuffed. Western nations do better in this respect: many western companies operating in the region actively invite NGOs and the media to visit their construction sites and ask questions.\u00a0Contacts in Chinese firms tell me\u00a0western firms are good at winning over those NGOs and media\u00a0organisations.<\/p>\n<p>One person specifically mentioned two dams located near to each other in Laos. The Chinese-built dam is guarded by the military, and no visitors are allowed. The western-built dam, meanwhile, is open to NGOs and the media and has a constant stream of visitors. He might have sneered at the western method, but you can imagine which the local people prefer.<\/p>\n<p>The Mekong River Commission is an important channel for official contacts, and with support from the United Nations and other international actors, it is highly influential. But when the body\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mekong_River_Commission#History\">was founded<\/a>\u00a0in the\u00a01990s, relations between China and many of the participants had not yet normalised, and so China was not invited to participate. This is of course not the country\u2019s fault, but now that friendly relations are in place and China\u2019s development of the river \u2013 and the impact downstream \u2013 is intensifying, there are hopes that China will take part.\u00a0The range of competing interests within the body leads many in China to believe it is an inefficient talking-shop, however. And, so as\u00a0to avoid being held back by\u00a0the commission, China prefers to remain as an observer only.<\/p>\n<p>As this article makes clear, opinions on how the river should be managed differ from place to place. It is not just a case of China versus downstream nations; the downstream nations themselves have many conflictinginterests. No matter how China\u2019s reservoirs are operated, there will be both advantages and disadvantages downstream. We cannot please everyone. But if China unilaterally decides what to do, it may end up failing to win the gratitude of those it helps, while encountering protest by thosewho are suffering.<\/p>\n<p>If we had the right principles and mechanisms for coordinating multilateral interests and\u00a0were able to\u00a0set up the necessary compensation and responsibility systems, things would be different.<\/p>\n<p>As I have\u00a0said, the demands of Thailand and Laos are completely differentfrom\u00a0those of Cambodia \u2013 but they only complain about China, and not each other. The reason for this, apart from the lack of ability to control the river themselves, is that as all these nations participate in policymaking at the Mekong River Commission. They have a shared responsibility. Whatever the consequences of that policy, nobody can complain that one country is purposely harming another. But China still bears sole responsibility for its actions, so gets\u00a0no thanks and only criticism.\u00a0China\u2019s\u00a0impact on the Mekongis increasing and its\u00a0participation in a multilateral decision-making mechanism would be of benefit to all involved.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Applying lessons at home<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Some foreign observers have\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.thanhniennews.com\/2010\/Pages\/20100410165640.aspx\">blamed<\/a>\u00a0the drought in the northern Mekong on China\u2019s \u201chegemony\u201d, a criticism I have refuted on many occasions.However\u00a0hydropower operators\u00a0are behaving outside of China, you can believe it\u00a0would be even worse at home.\u00a0Downstream nations\u00a0may criticise China for ignoring their interests, but\u00a0I think\u00a0the energy firms\u00a0take overseas complaints more seriously than those\u00a0made domestically, particularly whenthose\u00a0complaints come from governments. Complaints from internationalcivil society \u2013 the media, mass organisations and NGOs \u2013 may not\u00a0appear to be treated seriously, but the situation is still better than it is in China.<\/p>\n<p>In China there are often conflicts of interest arising from new reservoirs, relocations and changes in water levels; between flood prevention and drought-relief needs and the interests of the hydropower operators themselves; or between development and the environment. There has been fierce debate over the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.smh.com.au\/articles\/2004\/05\/21\/1085120121829.html\">Sanmenxia<\/a>\u00a0dam on the Yellow River and the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pubugou_Dam\">Pubugou<\/a>\u00a0dam in Sichuan, for example: should the dam be built? How should it be built? And once built how should it be run? Answering all\u00a0of\u00a0these questions requires different interests to be weighed up. Today it seems it is only environmental groups that can speak out against hydropower. But these issues cannot be summed up\u00a0simply as\u00a0\u201cenvironment versus development\u201d, and China still lacks the mechanisms to work through them.<\/p>\n<p>In China today,\u00a0internal\u00a0reform and opening up\u00a0to the outside world\u00a0are two aspects of the same process. China\u2019s participation in globalisation should provide\u00a0the country with\u00a0lessons that it can\u00a0take and\u00a0apply at home. In the past I have\u00a0spoken\u00a0of the lessons Latin America\u2019s largest Chinese-backed firm,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/595-Hierro-Peru-China-s-footprint-in-the-Andes\">Hierro Peru<\/a>, learned about dealing with independent unions from its\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.steelguru.com\/raw_material_news\/Shougang_Hierro_Peru_iron_ore_miners_begin_strike\/125806.html\">experiences<\/a>\u00a0with striking workers\u00a0and the praise Chinalco earned for\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.atns.net.au\/agreement.asp?EntityID=3980\">respecting local land rights<\/a>\u00a0at Aurukun in Australia. This knowledge could help Chinese firms at home improve labour rights and reform compulsory land acquisitions.<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, the Mekong controversy could help our hydropower operators learn how to handle relations with other interested parties. I do not believe this dispute is just an international issue, much less that it is appropriate for China simply to adopt a nationalistic\u00a0stance in dealing with it.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This article was first published in the\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.eeo.com.cn\/ens\/\">Economic Observer<\/a>.\u00a0It is reproduced here with permission.<\/p>\n<p>Qin Hui is professor of history at Tsinghua University.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/4016-On-the-Mekong-a-better-way-1-\">PART ONE:\u00a0Pulling the wool over critics\u2019 eyes<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/4024-On-the-Mekong-a-better-way-2-\">PART TWO:\u00a0<\/a><a href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/4024-On-the-Mekong-a-better-way-2-\">Attracting unnecessary suspicion<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Homepage image from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/tupian.hudong.com\/a2_46_91_16300000209541125289918795800_jpg.html?prd=zhengwenye_left_futu_tupian\">Hudong.com<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Concluding his article on hydropower in south-west China, Qin Hui argues there is opportunity in friction. China must learn lessons from its regional dealings \u2013 and then apply them at home.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000196,"featured_media":20003151,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757,50039903],"tags":[554,560,20000155,580,50040707],"hashtags":[],"country":[20029278,20000110,20028095,20000117,20029326,20028207],"class_list":["post-20000991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","category-water","tag-hydropower","tag-law","tag-mekong","tag-policy","tag-the-third-pole","country-cambodia","country-china","country-laos","country-myanmar","country-thailand","country-vietnam"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>On the Mekong, a better way (3) | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Concluding his article on hydropower in south-west China, Qin Hui argues there is opportunity in friction. 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