{"id":20001050,"date":"2011-02-14T09:44:31","date_gmt":"2011-02-14T04:14:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/184.172.177.95\/~chinad\/?p=1050"},"modified":"2021-01-08T00:25:47","modified_gmt":"2021-01-07T18:55:47","slug":"hydropowers-green-excuse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/hydropowers-green-excuse\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydropower\u2019s green excuse"},"content":{"rendered":"

Seven years ago, public pressure brought plans to dam China\u2019s Nu River to a halt. But top officials, bolstered by clean-energy targets, are backing the scheme once again, reports Meng Si.
\n<\/strong>
\n\"\"\u201cHydropower development is a must,\u201d said a senior official from China\u2019s top economic planners, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), effectively breaking seven years of silence on hydropower exploitation on the Nu River \u2013 China\u2019s last great waterway without large-scale dams \u2013 and dashing the hopes of campaigners who successfully halted development in 2004, after a public outcry.<\/p>\n

Feeling the pressure from energy-efficiency and emissions-reduction targets in China\u2019s 12th\u00a0Five-Year Plan, due to be published next month, the government and state-owned electricity enterprises are ramping up their hydropower ambitions. Bets are rising on a \u201cGreat Leap\u201d in hydropower exploitation.<\/p>\n

On January 28, Shi Lishan, deputy head of the\u00a0New Energy and Renewable Energy Division of China\u2019s National Energy Administration, set out his views on the Nu River (also known as the Salween): \u201cMy belief is that development is a must. Because the Nu\u2019s upper and lower reaches are already built up, in the past some people have said that it is necessary to leave a stretch of free-flowing river. I believe that putting that theory into practice is not realistic.<\/p>\n

“We expect that, on the basis of strong evidence, and after seeking the opinions of all parties, that we can press ahead with hydropower construction on the Nu River.\u201d<\/p>\n

A journalist who has long reported on hydropower issues in China is Liu Jianqiang,\u00a0chinadialogue\u2019s Beijing editor. He believes that hydropower development has caused so much controversy in the past in China because of the negative impact on ecology and displaced people \u2013 but that now hydro interest groups are using the need for energy and emissions saving as an excuse to promote a new round of frenzied hydropower development.<\/p>\n

In 2004, under pressure from environmental groups and the media, the prime minister, Wen Jiabao wrote in the State Reform and Development Commission report on the Nu River hydropower development project that \u201cgiven the high level of social and environmental concerns over the large scale hydro project, further careful research is required in order to reach a scientific decision\u201d.<\/p>\n

In the years following this event, the hydropower developers on the Nu kept a low profile, studiously avoiding doing anything to draw public attention. But the high-sounding sentiments from authorities in recent weeks have led Chinese NGOs to believe this time, the problem is serious.<\/p>\n

The Nu is one of south-west China\u2019s great rivers, starting high up on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and flowing down to the Indian Ocean. Its water resources are rich and it is currently China\u2019s only large river without any large-scale dams.<\/p>\n

According to the first plan for dam construction on the Nu, a string of 13 hydropower stations would produce annual output of\u00a0102.96 billion\u00a0kilowatt hours. When completed, the value of the electricity generated could reach 36 billion yuan. Every year, it would generate 8 billion yuan in tax revenue for the government and local government coffers would also grow by 2.7 billion yuan.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt\u2019s true that hydropower exploitation can bring economic development, but not necessarily to the benefit of local people,\u201d says Ma Jun, director of Chinese NGO the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE). He believes that today\u2019s insufficiently transparent policymaking mechanisms are maximising the interests of hydropower industry, officials and a small number of experts, while driving ecological destruction, affecting local livelihoods and increasing the risk of geological disasters.<\/p>\n

Back in 2003 and 2004, proposals to build a string of dams on the Nu River provoked a fierce debate. A journalist from\u00a0China Economic Times\u00a0reported seeing a report on a meeting to assess hydropower projects on the middle and lower Nu, which said: \u201cHydropower development on Nu river is unstoppable. Preparatory work of next stage will be carried out as soon as the state approves.\u201d<\/p>\n

Today\u2019s \u201chydropower is a must\u201d has something of the flavour of that report\u2019s \u201cunstoppable\u201d. But, back then, central government ultimately backed the voice of the people. Today\u2019s government is more worried about how \u201cclean\u201d hydropower energy can help the government fulfil its low-carbon promises.<\/p>\n

The Chinese government has committed, by 2020, to getting 15% of its power from renewable sources. By 2020, it is also bound to reduce the carbon-intensity of its emissions by 40% to 45%, based on 2005 levels. However, to hit the energy-saving and emissions-cutting targets in the 11th<\/sup>\u00a0Five Year Plan period, electricity supplies were cut off in some places. And, in the first half of 2010, energy consumption per unit of GDP jumped, showing just how difficult it will be for China to achieve the energy targets.<\/p>\n

At the end of 2010, Zhang Boting, vice secretary of the\u00a0China Society for Hydropower Engineering, told reporters that the 12th<\/sup>\u00a0Five Year Plan called for hydropower development to be prioritised. For various reasons, two thirds of the hydropower projects detailed in the 11th<\/sup>\u00a0Five Year Plan had not been completed and would be revived in the 12th<\/sup>\u00a0Five Year Plan.<\/p>\n

In November last year, the waters of the Yarlung Zangbo (which becomes the Brahmaputra downstream) were dammed for the first time as part of a project to build Tibet\u2019s first large-scale hydropower station, at Zangmu. Immediately afterwards, the developers commenced the plant\u2019s main construction stage. Geologist Yang Yong told\u00a0Southern Weekend\u00a0that this event marked the \u201cstart of a hydropower age in Tibet\u201d. Four of China\u2019s \u201cbig five\u201d electricity companies have already made their way into the region.<\/p>\n

It is not only the future of the Nu River that is at stake. In January 2011, in order to boost hydropower construction, a proposal was submitted to shrink a reserve for rare fish on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, threatening the existence of many species. At the end of 2010, China\u2019s oldest environmental NGO, Friends of Nature, requested a public meeting with the environmental authorities, but their request was denied.<\/p>\n

In the past, the Ludila, Jinanqiao, Long Kaikou and other hydropower projects were stalled due to obstruction by environmental groups and the pressure of public opinion. But now, one by one, the embargo on these projects has been lifted.<\/p>\n

Ma Jun says: \u201cEnvironmental groups are not completely against dams. We approve of appropriate development. But China\u2019s present speed of development is excessive.\u201d He says that, by 2004, China had overtaken the US to become the country with the world\u2019s largest hydropower capacity. At that time, the target was to reach a capacity of 300GW, equivalent of tripling capacity within 16 years.\u00a0\u00a0After another 15 years, China\u2019s hydropower resources will reach their limit. \u201cNow there is no way to undo the destruction and this will becomes a historic regret,\u201d\u00a0he says.<\/p>\n

Ma Jun says that if hydropower exploitation on Nu River gets going again, it will very likely trigger a new wave of high energy-consuming industrial development in south-west China, due to local government plans to use the newly generated electricity to exploit the area\u2019s rich mineral resource. This is difficult to square with the national goal of low-carbon development.<\/p>\n

Ma Jun\u2019s research shows that in many areas of Yunnan province, to adjust the unstable electricity generated from\u00a0hydropower, coal-fired power plants of the same scale are built up as back up. The Nu River could face the same situation, given its unstable water flow in different seasons. And this is difficult to square with national goals on low-carbon development.<\/p>\n

The National People’s Congress (NPC) and Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) \u2013 two top government bodies \u2013 will meet in March this year. And the elements of the 12th Five\u00a0Year Plan concerning energy efficiency, emission reduction and hydropower exploitation will be at the heart of their discussions. At the same time, Friends of Nature has been calling on local green groups to write open letters to NPC and CPPCC\u00a0representatives, urging them to reconsider plans to shrink the national-level nature reserves on the upper Yangtze River.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Seven years ago, public pressure brought plans to dam China\u2019s Nu River to a halt. But top officials, bolstered by clean-energy targets, are backing the scheme once again, reports Meng Si.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000154,"featured_media":20003200,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757,50039903],"tags":[17073,554,580,585],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110],"class_list":["post-20001050","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","category-water","tag-energy-transition","tag-hydropower","tag-policy","tag-renewables","country-china"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHydropower\u2019s green excuse | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Seven years ago, public pressure brought plans to dam China\u2019s Nu River to a halt. 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