{"id":20001830,"date":"2012-03-28T10:49:03","date_gmt":"2012-03-28T05:19:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/184.172.177.95\/~chinad\/?p=1830"},"modified":"2021-01-08T16:04:21","modified_gmt":"2021-01-08T10:34:21","slug":"indias-growth-at-cost-of-nature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/business\/indias-growth-at-cost-of-nature\/","title":{"rendered":"India\u2019s growth at cost of nature"},"content":{"rendered":"

India\u2019s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita rose 120% between 1990 and 2008. But in the same period, the country\u2019s natural capital, the sum of its assets from forests to fossil fuels and minerals, declined 31%, says a leading scholar from the UN University.<\/p>\n

Anantha Duraiappah, executive director of the United Nations University\u2019s\u00a0International Human Dimensions Programme<\/a>\u00a0(UNU-IHDP), has led a team of scholars to develop an \u201cInclusive Wealth Indicator\u201d designed to augment GDP as a measure of economic progress. Few countries do well when seen through this lens.<\/p>\n

In fact, the decline in natural resources in India during this period has been higher than 31%, but it is compensated to some extent by increase in spread of education. On an annual basis during this period, India\u2019s GDP growth per capita has been 4.52%, while its rate of decline in natural capital has been 2.04%.<\/p>\n

In fact, the decline in natural resources in India during this period has been higher than 31%, but it is compensated to some extent by increase in spread of education. On an annual basis during this period, India\u2019s GDP growth per capita has been 4.52%, while its rate of decline in natural capital has been 2.04%.<\/p>\n

Brazil, another emerging economy, fares worse than India. Between 1990 and 2008, its GDP per capita rose 34%, but its natural capital declined 46%. When measures of natural, human and manufactured capital are considered together to obtain a more comprehensive value, Brazil\u2019s \u201cInclusive Wealth\u201d rose just 3% and India\u2019s rose 9% over these 18 years.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe work on Brazil and India illustrates why Gross Domestic Product is inadequate and misleading as an index of economic progress from a long-term perspective,\u201d Duraiappah said at the March 26-29 Planet Under Pressure conference that has brought around 3,000 natural and social scientists together in London.<\/p>\n

\u201cA country could\u00a0completely exhaust all its natural resources while posting positive GDP growth. We need an indicator that estimates the wealth of nations \u2013 natural, human and manufactured and ideally even the social and ecological constituents of human well-being.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Inclusive Wealth Report is scheduled for release this June, at the UN \u201cRio+20\u201d summit. It will describe the \u201cinclusive wealth\u201d of 20 nations: Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Ecuador, France, Germany, India, Japan, Kenya, Nigeria, Norway, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, USA, United Kingdom and Venezuela. The 20 nations featured in the report represent 72% of world GDP and 56% of global population.<\/p>\n

Authored by 17 specialists from the UK, USA, Chile, Malaysia, India, Germany and Australia, the Inclusive Wealth Indicator is undertaken by UNU-IHDP with UNEP support and in collaboration with the UN-Water Decade Programme on Capacity Development (UNW-DPC) and the Natural Capital Project of Stanford University.<\/p>\n

\u201cOur goal is to provide national governments with a bi-annual report to assess transition to the so-called green economy, to create productive and sustainable economic bases for the future,\u201d says Duraiappah. \u201cJust GDP per capita will get us nowhere. The new\u00a0macroeconomic indicators must be economic plus social plus ecological.\u201d<\/p>\n

While experts are repeatedly urging a move beyond GDP, governments are not ready. This, and the near total failure of climate negotiations in the 20 years since the Earth Summit was held in Rio de Janeiro, has led to calls at this conference for a system of governance that is more equitable and therefore more sustainable.<\/p>\n

Laurence Tubiana, director of the Paris-based\u00a0Institute of Sustainable Development and International Relations<\/a>, said countries \u201care trying to solve 21st<\/sup>\u00a0century governance problems with 1948-style institutions, which is not going to work\u201d.<\/p>\n

Frank Biermann of\u00a0VU University, Amsterdam<\/a>, director of the\u00a0Earth System Governance research alliance<\/a>\u00a0and IHDP\u2019s Earth System Governance Project, called for<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0Creation of a UN sustainable development council to better integrate sustainable development concerns across the UN system, with a strong role for the world\u2019s 20 largest economies (G20).<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0Upgrading the UN Environment Programme to a full-fledged UN agency \u2013 a step that would give it greater authority, more secure funding, and facilitate the creation and enforcement of international regulations and standards.<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0Stronger reliance on qualified majority-voting to speed decision-making in international negotiations;<\/p>\n

*\u00a0\u00a0Increased financial support for poorer nations, including through novel financial mechanisms such as air transportation levies.<\/p>\n

Biermann said, “Incremental change is no longer sufficient to bring about societal change at the level and with the speed needed to stop earth system transformation. Structural change in global governance is needed, both inside and outside the UN system and involving both public and private actors.”<\/p>\n

At the London conference, 3,000 experts spanning the spectrum of interconnected scientific interests, policymakers and business representatives are examining the planet\u2019s vital signs, potential solutions, hurdles and ways to break down the barriers to progress. The conference is the largest gathering of experts in global sustainability in advance of \u201cRio+20\u201d and the largest gathering ever of such a group of experts. It has been co-organised by the\u00a0International Geosphere Biosphere Programme<\/a>,\u00a0Diversitas<\/a>,\u00a0International Human Dimensions Programme on Global Environmental Change<\/a>,\u00a0World Climate Research Programme<\/a>,\u00a0Earth System Science Partnership<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0International Council for Science<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

India\u2019s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita rose 120% between 1990 and 2008. But in the same period, the country\u2019s natural capital, the sum of its assets from forests to fossil fuels and minerals, declined 31%, says a leading scholar from the UN University.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000114,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[758,764],"tags":[50040322,580,20000237],"hashtags":[],"country":[50000021,20000111],"class_list":["post-20001830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-business","category-nature","tag-natural-resources","tag-policy","tag-sustainable-development","country-brazil","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIndia\u2019s growth at cost of nature | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"India\u2019s gross domestic product (GDP) per capita rose 120% between 1990 and 2008. 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