{"id":20002759,"date":"2012-05-30T15:10:22","date_gmt":"2012-05-30T15:10:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/184.172.177.95\/~chinad\/?p=2759"},"modified":"2012-05-30T15:10:22","modified_gmt":"2012-05-30T15:10:22","slug":"pollution-in-paradise-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/pollution-in-paradise-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Pollution in paradise"},"content":{"rendered":"

The idyll of Kashmir is ill prepared for an influx of tourists, writes Athar Parvaiz from north-east India. Environmentalists fear the features that attract visitors could prove the region\u2019s undoing.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>India\u2019s seventeenth century Moghul emperor\u00a0Jahangir<\/a>\u00a0is probably best known for his comment on the valley of Kashmir: \u201cIf there is paradise on earth, it is this, it is this, it is this.\u201d For 20 years, few outsiders have seen this paradise, as insurgency-related conflict rendered Kashmir a global trouble spot. But now that the violence is on the wane and there is talk of paradise regained, haphazard hotel construction and rubbish threaten to spoil this heavenly abode.<\/p>\n

Regulations to manage rubbish \u2013 or solid waste, as the experts like to call it \u2013 were almost totally ignored during the atmosphere of violence that reigned for 20 years. The few hardy tourists who did venture into Kashmir despite the danger were not large enough in number for this to become a major problem.<\/p>\n

Recent improvements in the security situation have led to a surge in tourism. Some 1.4 million tourists visited Kashmir in the summer of 2011, according to official figures. With half a million people directly or indirectly involved in the valley\u2019s tourism industry, this is now easily the biggest contributor to the local economy. So the boom in tourist numbers is cause for joy, and has also led to a boom in hotel construction, especially in the famed resorts of\u00a0Pahalgam<\/a>,\u00a0G<\/a>ulmarg<\/a>\u00a0and\u00a0Sonamarg<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But there is little overall planning in the construction process. Most hotels try to maximise the number of rooms, even if they block the best views of the Himalayan peaks in the process. The three major resorts are fast becoming concrete jungles.<\/p>\n

With tourists from all over India and the world moving into Kashmir in droves, rubbish now threatens not just the ecology but the tourism industry itself. Environmentalists are already expressing their concerns about the policy paralysis.<\/p>\n

Environmental experts maintain that construction should be prohibited within these resorts. But the government has not only allowed construction of hotels right on the most scenic spots, but has also failed to provide adequate disposal systems for solid and liquid waste.<\/p>\n

Similar destruction is visible in the state\u2019s other famous tourist area of\u00a0Ladakh,<\/a>\u00a0the cold desert in the high Himalayas that abuts the Kashmir valley. Few of the 400-odd hotels and guest houses in Ladakh have a sewage disposal system. The only saving grace is a total ban on polythene bags.<\/p>\n

To make things worse, the state also suffers from major electricity shortages, which means hotels, restaurants, shops and commercial enterprises all use highly polluting diesel generators for hours every day. Environmentalists are fearful of the effect on the surrounding glaciers and endangered animals \u2013 like the snow leopard and the red deer \u2013 in the state\u2019s protected forests.<\/p>\n

The Jammu and Kashmir state government\u2019s Environment and Remote Sensing Department recently released a report calling for immediate measures to undo the environmental damage caused by unplanned construction at the famous resort Sonamarg, which lies some 90 kilometres north-east of the summer capital Srinagar.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhile development of modern infrastructure is of paramount importance for meeting the needs of the tourism industry, it is important to design such development in an eco-friendly fashion to preserve and conserve the fragile ecology and environment of Sonamarg,\u201d the report warns.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe development which has already taken place at Sonamarg or is in progress has a serious adverse impact on the ecology and environment.\u201d The waste generated by hundreds of thousands of tourists is thrown around without any treatment or scientific management, according to the study. And all untreated effluents find their way to the\u00a0Indus River<\/a>, which straddles this beautiful resort, often called the \u201cgolden meadow\u201d. \u201cThis causes extensive pollution in the river because no Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) is in place,\u201d the report says.<\/p>\n

In terms of popularity, Sonamarg is a relatively recent addition to Kashmir\u2019s tourist map. Areas outside the town remain idyllic. But many people worry the area will soon suffer a similar fate to the better-known tourist resorts Pahalgam and Gulmarg, where unconstrained tourism has caused havoc.<\/p>\n

Citizens have started to take action. Local NGO Pahalgam Peoples Welfare filed a public interest lawsuit in the Jammu and Kashmir High Court against illegal construction in Pahalgam. As a result, the court served several notices to the government and its official limb, Pahalgam Development Authority.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe said that building permission laws have been thoroughly violated,\u201d said Reyaz Ahmed, member secretary of Pahalgam Peoples Welfare. \u201cWe further said that the bureaucrats and influential businessmen had converted the green zone into an area permissible for construction in the master plan of the tourist resort after purchasing chunks of land in Pahalgam.\u201d<\/p>\n

In Srinagar, the sorry state of the famous\u00a0Dal Lake<\/a>\u00a0has been widely reported. Now the court has directed the government to hasten its efforts to clean up the lake which \u2013 long famous for its flotilla of houseboats \u2013 has turned into a cesspool. Last year\u2019s revelations by Wikileaks included a cable in which an American diplomat said Kashmiri politics were \u201cas filthy as Dal Lake\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dal Lake bears the brunt of human activities for a major part of the year with around 600 houseboats permanently anchored for tourists and many smaller boats used as ferries and mobile shops, as well as for cruises. \u201cSo you have both home toilets and the toilets of 600 houseboats. We tried installing STPs in the houseboats, but they failed because of operational and monitoring problems,\u201d said Sabah ul Solim, senior scientist at Kashmir\u2019s Lakes and Waterways Development Authority (LAWDA).<\/p>\n

Gulmarg, the high-altitude meadow that turns into a golf course every summer and a ski slope every winter, has no waste treatment facilities either. Thousands of tourists throng to the meadow, which lies 50 kilometres north of Srinagar, throughout the year, especially in summer. Now an influential local businessman is building a huge hotel here, having chopped down hundreds of trees to make way for the project.<\/p>\n

Another worry for Kashmir\u2019s environmentalists is the increasing number of pilgrims that visit the\u00a0Amarnath cave<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 at an altitude of 3,900 metres, above the snow line \u2013 in July and August every year. An idol of Hindu god Shiva that is formed by an icicle in the cave is considered sacred. More than 630,000 pilgrims visited the shrine in the two months of 2011 when it was open, up from about 460,000 over the same period the previous year. Environmentalists say the growing number of pilgrims has contributed to growing pollution problems in an area which is an important watershed in the Himalayas.<\/p>\n

So while the booming tourism industry may bring fresh opportunities in the short-run, environmental groups fear that, before long, the very features that attract tourists to Kashmir will work as agents of its destruction.
\n<\/em><\/p>\n

Athar Parvaiz is an environmental journalist based in Kashmir.<\/em><\/p>\n

Homepage image by\u00a0watchsmart<\/a>\u00a0shows houseboats on Dal Lake.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The idyll of Kashmir is ill prepared for an influx of tourists, writes Athar Parvaiz from north-east India. 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