{"id":20003933,"date":"2012-07-03T11:05:07","date_gmt":"2012-07-03T05:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=3933"},"modified":"2020-11-17T00:36:32","modified_gmt":"2020-11-16T19:06:32","slug":"racing-to-map-africas-glaciers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/racing-to-map-africas-glaciers\/","title":{"rendered":"Racing to map Africa\u2019s glaciers"},"content":{"rendered":"

A team of scientists and photographers aims to document Earth\u2019s threatened ice fields, including the many tropical ones in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, before they disappear. John Vidal reports.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>Ptolemy<\/a> thought they were the source of the Nile and called them the Mountains of the Moon<\/a> because of the perpetual mists that covered them; explorer Henry Morton Stanley<\/a> claimed to be the first non-African to see their icecap; and the many thousands of subsistence farmers who today live on the slopes of the fabled Rwenzori mountains<\/a> inUganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo fear that warming temperatures are devastating their harvests.<\/p>\n

While 20,000 people a year scale Mount Kilimanjaro<\/a> in Tanzania, just a handful of trekkers tackle the lower, 5,100-metre Rwenzori summits and witness the spectacular plant forms that grow in some of the wettest conditions on Earth. The result is that little is known about the condition of the many tropical glaciers that descend off the three peaks of mounts Baker<\/a>, Speke<\/a> and Africa\u2019s third highest peak, Stanley<\/a>.<\/p>\n

But a micro-expedition led by London-based Danish photographer Klaus Thymann has returned from Uganda with the best evidence yet that the 43 glaciers found and named in 1906 are still mostly there, but are in dire condition and can be expected to disappear in a decade or two.<\/p>\n

Thymann, his journalist colleague Ian Daly<\/a> and a team of nine local Ugandans spent 18 days recording Rwenzori\u2019s glaciers from both sides of the range that straddles the equator. \u201cThe vast majority have retreated massively on the east side of Mount Stanley; they have practically all gone on Mount Baker, along with the river; and the Grant and Speke glaciers on Mount Speke are now tiny or have practically gone,\u201d says Thymann.<\/p>\n

Using an old map to hack through overgrown trails at 4,500 metres, the group traversed the western, Congolese side of the range, where it is believed few, if any, people have been for many years because of insurgency and war.<\/p>\n

Perpetual cloud cover makes aerial or satellite photography of the range hard, but going on foot was revelatory, says Thymann. \u201cIt\u2019s like a white spot on the map, covered in cloud most of the year. It\u2019s very inaccessible. From the Congo side, you can find glaciers unseen in 40 years. It was like rediscovering them. The west Stanleyglacier has become detached from its accumulation zone<\/a>, and the Edward \u201cY\u201d glacier on Baker has lost an arm.\u201d<\/p>\n

Analysis of satellite data in 2006 suggested that the combined area of the Rwenzori glaciers halved from around two square kilometres to just under one square kilometre between 1987 and 2006 and now is even less. \u201cYou can see clearly how the glaciers have retreated massively on the east side,\u201d says Thymann. \u201cThe melt is super-intense. It was surprising to find some there at all. They probably don\u2019t have much time left.\u201d Thymann heads Project Pressure<\/a>, a collaboration of photographers, scientists, web developers and cartographers working to document the terminal decline of many of the world\u2019s glaciers and create a virtual record of ice on every continent.<\/p>\n

Working with the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS<\/a>) and the US space agency NASA<\/a>, they plan to cover all continents to create the first photographic, interactive \u201cglacier atlas\u201d.<\/p>\n

Since 2008, Project Pressure has recorded fast-shrinking glaciers in Argentina, the US states of Alaska and Montana, Iceland, Uganda, Nepal, Ecuador, Spain, Switzerland, Chile and Norway. Later this year, researchers will visit Greenland, Colombia and Bolivia, and expeditions are being planned to Kamchatka in the Russian far east and to New Zealand.<\/p>\n

But with tens of thousands of glaciers in nearly 50 countries, their record will be severely limited. \u201cThe criteria we use to choose the ones we survey is the speed at which they are receding, how well they have been previously documented and how important they are to local people,\u201d says Thymann. \u201cI think it\u2019s very important to have an artistic impression of what the world looked like before these glaciers are gone forever.\u201d The work, which will not be formally launched until next year, is endorsed by scientists and feeds into research, but aims to be artistic.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe know the Rwenzori glaciers are not going to last long. They are clearly disappearing fast and may be not much more than accumulated blocks of ice slowly atrophying,\u201d says hydro-geologist Richard Taylor of University College London, who has studied the Rwenzori ice field and visited the mountains six times. \u201cI can\u2019t see anything that will stop them disappearing, so what Project Pressure is doing is documenting what is there now.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is a last chance to see them,\u201d he says. \u201cIn years to come, the ice up there will be a fairy tale for the people who live [near Rwenzori]. This is the evidence of what was there, the proof. It is very helpful.\u201d<\/p>\n

Taylor attributes most of the Rwenzori glacier melt to increased air temperature rather than lack of rainfall, which is widely thought to be responsible for the shrinkage of the glaciers on Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. \u201cThe rainfall there is many times that on Kilimanjaro. There, the evidence suggests that the glaciers are being starved of moisture, effectively desiccating them rather than melting.\u201d<\/p>\n

Four-hundred metres below the disappearing ice field, the communities of coffee farmers say that climate change has disrupted rainfall patterns, giving them more intense rains and then drier spells. \u201cBut the dying glaciers are not responsible for their problems,\u201d says Taylor. \u201cThe glacial discharge from Rwenzori is trivial compared with the three metres of rainwater that falls and collects in the mountain\u2019s bogs and bamboo forests.\u201d<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.guardian.co.uk\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Copyright \u00a9 Guardian News and Media Limited 2012<\/p>\n

Homepage image by Yosemite<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A team of scientists and photographers aims to document Earth\u2019s threatened ice fields, including the many tropical ones in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, before they disappear. 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