{"id":20009926,"date":"2015-02-24T12:27:56","date_gmt":"2015-02-24T06:57:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=9926"},"modified":"2020-10-01T20:46:16","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T15:16:16","slug":"human-bear-conflicts-on-rise-in-himalayas-due-to-warmer-winters","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/human-bear-conflicts-on-rise-in-himalayas-due-to-warmer-winters\/","title":{"rendered":"Human-bear conflicts on rise in Himalayas due to warmer winters"},"content":{"rendered":"

Climatic variations and warmer winters \u00a0have changed the habits of Asian black bear<\/strong>s <\/strong><\/a>and migratory birds in recent years \u00a0in the Himalayan state of Jammu and Kashmir in northern India, say wildlife experts. This has led to an increase in the number of bear attacks and human-bear conflicts in the Himalayas.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have been witnessing a considerable decrease in the hibernation period of the Asian Black bear over the past several years,\u201d regional wildlife warden for Kashmir, Shuja Hyderi, told thethirdpole.net<\/a>.<\/p>\n

This, he said, is happening because of less\u00a0winter snow and temperatures rising earlier than expected\u2013 \u00a0in late January or early February \u2013 over the past few years.<\/p>\n

How many bear attacks occur?<\/h2>\n

Asian black bear\u2019s lack of hibernation<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0has increased the incidence of bear attacks and human-animal conflicts in Kashmir during the winter, say officials.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe direct fallout of this reduction in hibernation of the\u00a0Asian\u00a0black bear is a sharp increase in the incidents of human-animal conflicts, as the animal now remains active almost throughout the year,\u201d Hyderi said.<\/p>\n

In 2008-9, 25 people were killed and 342 injured by bears in Kashmir. By 2011-12 this number reached 40 and 562 respectively, according to wildlife department figures.<\/p>\n

Before the 1990s, black bears used to hibernate from November to March, \u201cbut now its biological setup has been completely disturbed with the animal hardly hibernating at all.\u201d<\/p>\n

Senior wildlife scientist at the Centre for Mountain Wildlife Sciences at the\u00a0Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology (SKUAST)<\/strong><\/a>, Khursheed Ahmad agrees: \u201cIf there is a less harsh winter, bears prefer to roam around in the woods and nearby human habitations in search of food,\u201d Ahmad told thethirdpole.net.<\/a><\/p>\n

Climate change is not the only reason, he argues. The massive expansion of orchards in the region has provided a source of food for bears. Kashmir\u2019s orchards have almost doubled in size from 70,364 hectares in 1990s to 127,759 hectares today, as farmers have shifted from paddy to apple cultivation. \u00a0Apples provide enough sustenance to keep black bears active during the winter, the scientist explained.<\/p>\n

Asian black bears, also known as moon bears, are listed as\u00a0\u201cvulnerable\u201d species by the ICUN<\/a> because of loss of habitat and widespread hunting for their body parts, particularly in China and South-East Asia.<\/p>\n

But the\u00a0bears are found in good numbers in Kashmir. \u201cIt has been estimated that Kashmir has the highest density of black bears especially in and around the Dachigam National Park,\u201d Ahmad said.\u00a0 Despite a ban on killing wild animals, unofficial reports suggest that at least 10 black bears are killed on average every year as the wild animals descend on villages and kill and injure people.<\/p>\n

The growing incidents have led the state government to increase the amount of compensation for those getting killed and maimed by the wild animal from 100,000 rupees ($1,700) to 300,000 rupees ($5,100).<\/p>\n

\"Black<\/a>
Black bear in Dachigam National Park, Kashmir (Credit Nazir Mir)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00a0Changing climate boon for migratory birds<\/h2>\n

The warmer weather has brought some welcome changes as well. Migratory birds are staying longer on the famous Dal Lake<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe have noticed that mild freezing or absolutely no freezing in the Dal Lake and other lakes has encouraged water-fowls to stay right through the winter more frequently now,\u201d Hyderi said.<\/p>\n

\u201cFrom the tourism point of view, this is quite a boon as the birds add to the beauty of the lake which fascinates tourists, especially bird-watchers,\u201d Hyderi said.<\/p>\n

\"Dal<\/a>
Dal Lake (Credit Athar Parvaiz)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

But\u00a0Hokersar wetland<\/a> \u2013 known as the queen of wetlands\u00a0because of\u00a0the variety and number of winged visitors it receives \u2013 has seen fewer\u00a0birds this year because of the damage caused by the devastating 2014 floods<\/a>. \u00a0Large expanses\u00a0of the wetland<\/a> have been lost to rapid urban development as well in recent years.<\/p>\n

\u201cHokarsar used to get around 800,000 birds a year, but this number has fallen considerably this year,\u201d said Ahmad.<\/p>\n

Only\u00a0460,000 birds visited Hokarsar in 2014, according to the first ever survey of the state\u2019s 13 wetlands carried out by the wildlife department in early February this year. Hokarsar receives 80% of birds in\u00a0Kashmir, according to the survey. \u201cFrom now on, we will repeat this survey every year,\u201d the regional wildlife warden said.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Number of bear attacks has risen sharply in northern India’s Jammu and Kashmir state as warmer winters change animal hibernation patterns<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000038,"featured_media":20014571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761,764],"tags":[519,20000022,610],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20009926","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-nature","tag-climate-impacts","tag-himalayas","tag-wildlife","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHuman-bear conflicts on rise in Himalayas due to warmer winters | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Number of bear attacks has risen sharply in northern India's Jammu and Kashmir state as warmer winters change animal hibernation patterns\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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