{"id":20011392,"date":"2015-09-17T14:56:16","date_gmt":"2015-09-17T09:26:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=11392"},"modified":"2021-01-18T01:25:30","modified_gmt":"2021-01-17T19:55:30","slug":"floods-live-with-water-dont-fight-it","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/floods-live-with-water-dont-fight-it\/","title":{"rendered":"Floods: Live with water, don\u2019t fight it"},"content":{"rendered":"

Many people in Pakistan believe that \u201conly if we had more dams\u201d the floods would not devastate us.<\/p>\n

But should we further dam our rivers and damn the environment for the sake of a happy, prosperous and a flood-proof Pakistan?<\/p>\n

I begin with a few numbers. The average flow in Indus Basin, famously the five rivers, is approximately 180 billion cubic metres (bcm) a year and almost 75% of it flows during the monsoon.<\/p>\n

Past civilizations here were built around the flowing waters \u2013 and not vice versa. But so called \u201cwater experts\u201d, equipped with borrowed money, engineering and technology, now do the complete opposite. Instead of building our modern civilisation around the flowing waters, they built the waters to flow around it. They tried to tame the mighty rivers through the Tarbela and Mangla dams and make deserts bloom with diversion barrages, flood protection dykes, link canals and so forth. They finally tried to tame the Indus which had flowed wildly for the past 40 million years or so. But this has not quelled the floods.<\/p>\n

Why we can’t store\u00a0flood water<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Back to the numbers \u2013 the Tarbela dam can hold 12 bcm, Mangla 7 bcm, all other smaller ones combined, another 3 bcm. Kalabagh, if it is ever built, would add a modest 6 bcm. But we are up against 135 bcm during the monsoon. \u00a0And once the dams are filled, the river is wild again. The 1992 floods downstream of Mangla killed<\/a> over 1,000 people and affected over 4 million more. While we may argue about the pros and cons of dams, at least they can\u2019t stand in the way of floods.<\/p>\n

On top of this, dams lose their storage capacity as they fill up with silt and cannot perform as effectively beyond a couple of generations. But worst of all, dams, diversions, and flood protection dykes deprive wetlands, marshes, riverine forest and groundwater dependent ecosystems of water. These natural ecosystems are like sponges, they absorb water during the wet seasons and gradually release it during the dry season and they perform the most important function of breaking the flood peaks during torrential downpours.<\/p>\n

In the short term, it may be an advantage to dry up lands along the rivers and put them to \u201cproductive\u201d use. And when these low lying areas are protected by dykes we complacently built dwellings and other infrastructure. In the long run, however, loss of these ecosystems means lost capacity of the river basin to absorb water and break flood peaks. Diversion barrages exacerbate silting process in the river channels which results in rising river beds and reduced flow capacity.<\/p>\n

Consequently today, even normal flood events, well within the design capacity of the engineered-system, often spill over the dykes. No wonder the same magnitude of floods in\u00a01929 and 2010 had different consequence such as river avulsions in Sindh.<\/p>\n

Perhaps technology and borrowed money gave us more power than our limited knowledge could safely handle. We wrecked our river systems without even knowing. We forgot that a desert is a desert because forces of nature are incessantly at work to expel water from that region, and a river is a river because the forces of nature are continuously pushing the water into this path.<\/p>\n

On the one hand, misfortunes befell the poor communities, now stuck in the deserts, when the engineered systems fail to provide them with sufficient water.\u00a0 On the other, \u2018floods\u2019 are surrounding people now living in the empty river beds, dried wetlands, and active flood plains, when \u2018usual\u2019 waters of monsoon are just passing by.<\/p>\n

The concept of fighting and controlling the floods through changing natural systems is out-dated. The world\u2019s leading water experts<\/a> argue that the \u201cchange-fight-control\u201d approach has to gradually, and systematically metamorphose into a \u201cconform-adapt-manage<\/a>\u201d approach.<\/p>\n

Currently, we are sucking our rivers dry by diverting all we can into the agriculture sector, and yet, agriculture demands more water. But to restore our wetlands, marshes, forests and other ecosystems, we need to put the water back into the river. The dilemma is how can we do that without jeopardising the country\u2019s food security and agrarian economy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The idea of controlling floods with dams, dykes and by changing natural systems is outdated, argues Dr Hassan Abbas<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000089,"featured_media":20014411,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[50040314,50040325],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000112],"class_list":["post-20011392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-dams","tag-river-basins","country-pakistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFloods: Live with water, don\u2019t fight it | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The idea of controlling floods with dams, dykes and by changing natural systems is outdated, argues Dr Hassan Abbas\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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