{"id":20015765,"date":"2015-10-10T16:16:49","date_gmt":"2015-10-10T10:46:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thirdpole.n.infoamazonia.org\/?p=15765"},"modified":"2021-01-18T00:39:44","modified_gmt":"2021-01-17T19:09:44","slug":"quake-worsens-kathmandus-chronic-water-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/quake-worsens-kathmandus-chronic-water-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Quake worsens Kathmandu\u2019s chronic water crisis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Before dawn, women were already queuing up to wash in a public water spout in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com.np\/maps\/place\/Bhaisepati\/@27.6480463,85.304718,11z\/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x39eb178514f97739:0xeb1f6e5c822e62ab\">Bhaisepati<\/a>, a southern suburb of the Kathmandu valley. They were preparing for Teej, a Hindu festival when women fast and pray for the health and long life of their husbands.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe are fortunate to have this water spout, which makes our lives easier in this water scarce city,\u201d said Saraswoti Adhikari, as she prepared to bathe. As the sun rose, more and more women took advantage of the free water \u2014 a rare event now in the city.<\/p>\n<p>The stone tap is the only source of drinking water for many people in the area. It is always a busy spot where others come from far away to collect water. Traditional spouts have provided water to people in the valley for centuries, but in most neighbourhoods they have <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/kathmandus-traditional-water-spouts-dry-out\/\">dried up<\/a> over the past few decades due to rapid urbanization.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/2014\/03\/27\/kathmandus-traditional-water-spouts-dry-out\/\">Read also: Kathmandu\u2019s traditional water spouts run dry<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Nepal\u2019s capital is running a severe water deficit, with demand <a href=\"http:\/\/development-topics.blogspot.com\/2011\/12\/drinking-water-shortage-in-kathmandu.html\">more than triple<\/a> the supply during the dry season.<\/p>\n<p>[iframe src=&#8221;https:\/\/magic.piktochart.com\/embed\/8458870-kathmandu&#8221; width=&#8221;100%&#8221; height=&#8221;350px&#8221;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"clearfix html-custom-width\">\n<div id=\"output-tab-embed-custom-setting\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>The country has abundant water resources, with one of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nepjol.info\/index.php\/NJST\/article\/view\/581\">highest per capita<\/a> water availability in the world at about 7,600 cubic metres per year. But the capital has struggled with a growing water crisis for decades. Kathmandu\u2019s population has expanded from 200,000 in the 1950s to <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nepjol.info\/index.php\/NJST\/article\/view\/581\">four million today<\/a>, but the city has not built any new infrastructure over the past two decades to meet its growing water needs.<\/p>\n<p>According to the Nepalese government\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/cbs.gov.np\/\">Central Bureau of Statistics<\/a>, one in every five Kathmandu households has no access to a domestic water source and two-thirds of its urban households live with an inadequate water supply.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/thirdpole.n.infoamazonia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/10\/Screen-Shot-2015-10-02-at-12.42.06-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15858 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/thirdpole.n.infoamazonia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/10\/Screen-Shot-2015-10-02-at-12.42.06-PM-1024x756.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2015-10-02 at 12.42.06 PM\" width=\"760\" height=\"561\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u201cHouseholds get water once every four days to ten days for a minimum of one hour. This is all we can do with the facilities we have at present,\u201d said Milan Kumar Shakya, spokesperson at the Kathmandu Upatyaka Khanepani Limited (KUKL) \u2013 the authority responsible for providing water to the valley dwellers<em>. <\/em><\/p>\n<p>Existing pipes are leaky \u2013 about 35% of the city\u2019s water is lost through pipes. Some households that are connected do not get any water at all. \u201cMany house owners ask us to install pipes in a hope that new projects under construction will serve them in the future,\u201d Shakya added.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Melamchi\u2019s sad story<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kathmanduites are hoping the completion of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.melamchiwater.org\/\">Melamchi Water Project<\/a> will end their woes. The multimillion-dollar project was designed to divert water from Melamchi river in Sindhupalchowk district near the border with China.<\/p>\n<p>Since the massive project was first conceived in the 1990s, Nepal has witnessed more than a dozen different governments and transitioned from a monarchy to a federal republic.<\/p>\n<p>The project was originally supposed to start pumping water to Kathmandu by 2007. Authorities now claim it will be ready by the middle of next year, but with only half of the 27 kilometres of tunnels completed, this remains a pipe dream.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHuge corruption, the high expectations of the locals and inefficient contractors are all mixed up in the country\u2019s largest ever infrastructure project and it\u2019s still uncertain whether the project will be completed,\u201d said Ganesh Shah, former environment minister and water activist.<\/p>\n<p>Even if the project is completed, it will not provide enough water to satisfy Kathmandu\u2019s growing demand, said Shakya of KUKL. On top of this, the government does not have the facilities to treat the extra 170 million litres of water that the project will bring every day.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe only have the capacity to treat about 85 million litres of water so the remaining water will be used to recharge the river system in Kathmandu,\u201d admitted Ghanashyam Bhattarai, executive director of the Melamchi project.<\/p>\n<p>The devastating earthquakes that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com.np\/url?sa=t&amp;rct=j&amp;q=&amp;esrc=s&amp;source=web&amp;cd=2&amp;cad=rja&amp;uact=8&amp;ved=0CCUQFjABahUKEwi28uO02LDIAhVCQI4KHREWBt0&amp;url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thethirdpole.net%2Ftag%2Fnepal-earthquake%2F&amp;usg=AFQjCNHcArdDmbw-wj1g7lulfLNdRGw9_g\">hit Nepal in<\/a> April and May this year damaged the project\u2019s pipes and tunnels and brought construction to a halt. Likewise, authorities are still struggling to repair existing water systems <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/nepal-struggles-to-repair-water-systems-destroyed-by-quake\/\">destroyed<\/a> in the quake, leaving many more people with no access to water.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Water: a booming business<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>As the Kathmandu\u2019s water crisis deepens, most people are forced to rely on private water tankers.<\/p>\n<p>Kancha Maharjan has been selling water form a tanker in Kathmandu for the last 20 years and the demand continues to grow, he says.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/thirdpole.n.infoamazonia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/10\/IMG_6970.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-15861 size-large\" src=\"http:\/\/thirdpole.n.infoamazonia.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/2\/2015\/10\/IMG_6970-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"IMG_6970\" width=\"760\" height=\"507\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>About <a href=\"http:\/\/www.slideshare.net\/periurbanwatersecurity\/kathmandus-water-supply-operatorsmr-dibesh-shrestha\">700 tankers operate<\/a> in the city every day, with no government authority to regulate water quality or prices, which are fixed on an ad hoc basis. \u201cWe pay around US$5 for a 12,000 litre tanker and sell at $20 to $25,\u201d added Maharjan.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Groundwater depletion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>People who have the resources dig wells to extract groundwater. About 50% of water demand in Kathmandu is met through <a href=\"http:\/\/www.academia.edu\/9667901\/Drawdown_and_Dynamics_of_Groundwater_Table_in_Kathmandu_Valley_Nepal\">groundwater extraction<\/a>. Around 58.6 million litres per day is extracted \u2013 almost double the sustainable level, say researchers.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe biggest problem is groundwater recharge is decreasing and it might result in lowering of the groundwater table,\u201d said Surendra Shrestha, a government expert on groundwater.<\/p>\n<p>The government\u2019s groundwater body has failed to tackle the unregulated extraction of groundwater by hotels, businesses and industry.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe know the extraction is rampant, but we are yet to carry out detailed research, since we lack adequate resources,\u201d said Jagat Prasad Joshi, executive director of the groundwater development board.<\/p>\n<p>According to Joshi, the government plans to upgrade the development board to a groundwater authority that will have more power to regulate extraction and carry out research. \u201cOnce the next parliament starts in a few months\u2019 time, the bill to set up the authority will be passed and this will be a milestone in groundwater regulation,\u201d Joshi added.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With the city\u2019s woeful water system battered by the recent quake, people are forced to dig wells or buy water from private tankers<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000200,"featured_media":20015862,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[20000192,607],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000113],"class_list":["post-20015765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-disasters","tag-water-scarcity","country-nepal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Quake worsens Kathmandu\u2019s chronic water crisis | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"With 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