{"id":20015960,"date":"2015-11-02T11:30:00","date_gmt":"2015-11-02T06:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=15960"},"modified":"2024-04-23T10:06:00","modified_gmt":"2024-04-23T10:06:00","slug":"high-and-dry-in-mustang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/","title":{"rendered":"High and dry in Mustang"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tucked behind towering cliffs and inside deep canyons in a remote corner of Upper Mustang, Samzong appears abandoned from a distance. Houses look deserted and farms look dry. The river alongside the village is down to a trickle.<\/p>\n

Enter the village, and it is clear why: there is no water. People line up at the village\u2019s only tap, carrying their empty buckets.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis is the only water tap working here. The other one went dry a few days ago so everyone has to come here instead,\u201d says Nima Gurung.<\/p>\n

\"Villagers<\/a>
Villagers wait for their turn to use the only water tap in Samzong. All photos: Gopen Rai<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In a trans-Himalayan region that receives less than 200 millimetres of rain a year, erratic rain and snowfall have led to a deepening water crisis.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe rain never arrives on time anymore. When it rains, it rains extremely heavily for a short period but it is not enough to sustain the village,\u201d says Topke Gurung, one of the village chiefs.<\/p>\n

Known formerly as the Kingdom of Lo, and open to outsiders only in 1992, Upper Mustang still has an air of mystery around it. Bordering China on the north and situated in the rain shadow of the Himalayas, it is famous for its arid mountains, steep cliffs and dry ochre-coloured landscape. The region is heavily influenced by Tibetan culture, as is evident by the many monasteries, prayer wheels and Chortens (shrines), spread throughout its villages.<\/p>\n

In its latest report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/a> had said a shortened hydrological cycle was one of the major impacts of climate change. That means fewer rainy or snowfall days, but heavier rain or snowfall in those days. The effect is the same \u2013 floods and droughts in the same place. And in a mountain village, floods mean flash floods that kill often.<\/p>\n

[iframe src=”https:\/\/a.tiles.mapbox.com\/v4\/nepalitimes.njpob1fb.html?access_token=pk.eyJ1IjoibmVwYWxpdGltZXMiLCJhIjoiTW4teTFNayJ9.mEn3ee2Ie5t3EnqMS3VOIw” width=”100%” height=”600px”]<\/p>\n

In Samzong, the level of water in the river is largely dependent on the amount of snowfall which also varies every year. When the rains do come, they fall in huge torrents that trigger landslides on the barren slopes. As a result, they wash away channels that bring irrigation water to the village, leading to a decrease in the productivity of farmlands.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a>
The irrigation channel runs across an almost dried up riverbed in Samzong. The land behind the channel was used for farming around 30 years back.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cThirty years ago, the area opposite this village was all used for farming, now we don\u2019t even have enough water to irrigate the remaining farms,\u201d adds Gurung.<\/p>\n

In the nearby village of Yara, it is the same story. Irregular rain and a lack of reliable irrigation systems have affected crops.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe used to harvest wheat, buckwheat and mustard twice a year. Since there is not enough water now, we just grow wheat once a year. It is still a problem since the fields get dry before it\u2019s time to harvest,\u201d says Karsang Gurung of the Aama Samuha in Yara.<\/p>\n

In contrast to Samzong, there are five water taps in Yara. Built by CARE Nepal \u2013 a NGO \u2013 the pipes are wide, so they are able to bring enough water to the village. But seasonal flooding has rusted the pipes and damaged the canals which bring water to the village. To avoid conflict, Yara has a system in which each household is given a day to irrigate its fields.<\/p>\n

With water taps gradually drying up, Samzong residents requested permission from the then king of Mustang to relocate to Namashung in Chhoser village after the flash floods of 1985 and 1987 left the area devastated.<\/p>\n

\u201cThere was not much use of the barren land after the floods and with donations, we built 18 houses within two years for every single household,\u201d says Lama Ngawang Kunga Bista, who organised the relocation. Only the irrigation channel is left to be built, and it is expected to be completed by 2016.<\/p>\n

\"5<\/a>
After Samzong ran out of water, 18 families are being relocated to these new houses in Namashung.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Residents are happy to move to Namashung, to be closer to provincial Lo Manthang \u2013 once the capital of the Kingdom of Lo.<\/p>\n

Dheye is another village from which every resident is moving to a new village called Thangchung. Their problem is that only two houses have been built. The rest are still under construction, though the land was allocated a few years ago.<\/p>\n

But at least Thangchung is located in an isolated area with ample water supply. That is not case with Namashung. Samzong residents will now be very close to residents of another village, Nenyol. People there are already worrying about having to share the little water and they have. And what if the water gets contaminated, they ask.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe government must authenticate the process and issue certificates after the residents have moved,\u201d says Ghana Shyam Gurung of WWF Nepal, a native of Upper Mustang.<\/p>\n

Much to the dismay of its residents, Yara does not have an alternative location to move to. While the villagers are highly vocal about their discontent with the shortage of water, there has been no plan to shift to another place.<\/p>\n

Reasons unknown<\/strong><\/p>\n

Scientists are struggling to downscale climate change effects to small areas, such as Mustang. Today there is not enough evidence to draw a correlation between water stress and climate change in Mustang, long known as Nepal\u2019s most arid region. But local farmers do know that the weather has become more unpredictable, with either too much or too little rain or snow.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a>
A woman washes her hair and her dishes at the same time in a water tap in Samzong.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cThere are three key elements to keep in mind: the intensity of heat, intensity of rainfall and the timing. With higher temperatures, ice is melting faster and the timing of rainfall and snow has been altered. I believe this is the effect of climate change,\u201d says Ghana Shyam Gurung.<\/p>\n

With the completion of the road from Beni in western Nepal to Lo Manthang, many more international and domestic tourists have been visiting the area. Such is the allure of Upper Mustang that foreigners are willing to pay a permit fee of $500 for a 10-day visit. This summer, though, has been a poor tourism season, as many foreigners cancelled their trips in the wake of the April 25 earthquake. Many residents of Upper Mustang now depend on tourism to make a living, and are wondering how to make both ends meet this year. The water shortage is not going to help.<\/p>\n

[youtube http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=LBPfkPQT0CE&w=640&h=360]<\/p>\n

Ayesha Shakya is Online Producer at the Nepali Times. This report was written with the help of a Geojournalism project grant provided by The Third Pole. A version of this article\u00a0was first published in the Nepali Times<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nepal\u2019s most arid region is getting even less rain than it did before, forcing villagers to relocate <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000243,"featured_media":20016033,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[50040706],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000113],"class_list":["post-20015960","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-migration","country-nepal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHigh and dry in Mustang | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nepal\u2019s most arid region is getting even less rain than it did before, forcing villagers to relocate\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"High and dry in Mustang\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Nepal\u2019s most arid region is getting even less rain than it did before, forcing villagers to relocate\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2015-11-02T06:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-04-23T10:06:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mustang4-1020x6801.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1020\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"680\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"The Third Pole\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"The Third Pole\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/f3b40265bb7ee6a8afc1583f1a19c6db\"},\"headline\":\"High and dry in Mustang\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-11-02T06:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-23T10:06:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/\"},\"wordCount\":1188,\"commentCount\":1,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mustang4-1020x6801.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Migration\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Water\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/\",\"name\":\"High and dry in Mustang | Dialogue Earth\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mustang4-1020x6801.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2015-11-02T06:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-04-23T10:06:00+00:00\",\"description\":\"Nepal\u2019s most arid region is getting even less rain than it did before, forcing villagers to relocate\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/high-and-dry-in-mustang\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mustang4-1020x6801.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2015\/10\/Mustang4-1020x6801.jpg\",\"width\":1020,\"height\":680,\"caption\":\"Two boys play at a dried water tap with Maoist graffiti in Yara. 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