{"id":20018806,"date":"2016-05-11T06:26:33","date_gmt":"2016-05-11T06:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/thirdpole.n.openearth.net\/?p=18806"},"modified":"2021-04-19T16:37:47","modified_gmt":"2021-04-19T11:07:47","slug":"pakistans-billion-tree-tsunami-takes-hold","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/forests\/pakistans-billion-tree-tsunami-takes-hold\/","title":{"rendered":"Pakistan\u2019s ‘Billion Tree Tsunami’ takes hold"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

The torrential rains and landslides during April in northern Pakistan resulted in the deaths of more than 140 people and left widespread destruction. It is the second spell of heavy rain this spring in the area and experts say that heavy deforestation and rapid erosion of mountainsides exacerbated the damage. According to leading environmentalist Malik Amin Aslam, \u201cWhile climate change is causing the enhanced intensity of rainfall, deforestation is unfortunately abetting the mass scale damage\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

See: Northern Pakistan faces worst landslides in history<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

See: Climate change brings severe risks to northern Pakistan<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Malik Amin is also advisor to the ruling Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party in north-western Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, and the architect and chairman of the party\u2019s \u201cGreen Growth Initiative<\/a>\u201d. Under this initiative, the party has begun a number of activities to reverse the past sixty years of deforestation. \u201cAlong with a crackdown on the timber mafias, we have started the large scale afforestation project called \u201cThe Billion Tree Tsunami\u201d to reverse this trend and save future generations,\u201d he told thethirdpole.net.<\/p>\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Change
All data from the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 by the FAO<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Northern Pakistan is part of the Himalayan-Hindu Kush-Karakorum region and yet the country has one of the lowest forest covers<\/a> in the region (less than 3 % compared to India\u2019s 20% and Bhutan\u2019s 70%). \u00a0The KP government has promised USD 150 million dollars \u00a0to the forest restoration effort. \u201cThe KP government has committed to not only reversing the high rate of deforestation, but also shifting the current philosophy of treating forests as \u2018revenue\u2019 machines towards preserving them as valued \u2018natural capital,\u2019\u201d explained Malik Amin.<\/p>\n

The project kicked off in June 2015 and so far 250 million saplings have been raised in largely private nurseries across KP. These saplings are now being planted across the province. Much of the hard work has already been done according to Malik Amin. \u201cAs this massive nurseries infrastructure is in place, it would be much easier to replicate this next year and take this number to 300 million saplings. The remaining 450 million saplings are being naturally generated in forest enclosures, which are being protected through the participation of local communities. All this will hopefully allow KP to achieve its target of one billion plantations by the end of next year\u201d. This is a big jump from previous years when only about 20 million saplings used to be planted every year.<\/p>\n

We recently visited Haripur district in KP to see how this ambitious project was progressing on the ground. Raees Khan, the district forest officer for Haripur, showed us around the \u201ccentral model\u201d government nursery in Nikkahpah near the main road. The nursery, which has grown around 600,000 plants since it was set up last year, was full of Chir pine saplings that would soon be ready for plantation. The nursery also had Kachnar saplings (a local variety) and Eucalyptus, which are thirsty trees that could dry out the sub-soil water. Eucalyptus are being grown on popular demand of local communities as the fast growing species can bring economic returns within five years, explained Raees Khan.<\/p>\n

Some ecologists have warned that the campaign<\/a> will be futile because the wrong species of\u00a0trees\u00a0are being identified for the wrong places. Lal Badshah, an ecologist and assistant professor at Botany department in University of Peshawar, is one such critic. He told News Lens Pakistan<\/a> that conocarpus<\/a> \u2013 a tropical mangrove species found along rivers in limited coastal areas \u2013 are being planted in the mountainous Peshawar region,<\/p>\n

Malik Amin rejects such criticisms: \u201cA high preference is given to indigenous varieties for the local areas. In the south, where there are marginal and water logged lands, the Eucalyptus plantations aid in lowering the water table,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

These nurseries have now sprung up in almost every district of KP, from Chitral in the mountainous north to Dera Ismail Khan in the southern plains. Most are privately owned and the demand is increasing.<\/p>\n

Under the \u201cyouth nurseries\u201d package, the provincial government provides a secure buyback agreement for unemployed youth or rural women to set up kitchen nurseries \u2013 with about 25,000 saplings\u00a0\u2013 as well as a 25% of costs in advance. The nursery can then earn around PKR 12,000 to 15,000 (USD 115-143) per month, which is a sizeable income in the area. In fact, most of the small scale or household nurseries are currently being run by rural women who have managed to enhance their income.<\/p>\n

Local grumbles <\/strong><\/p>\n

We later met with the local community in the nearby picturesque village of Karwala in Haripur district. The mountains where saplings had been planted could be seen from the roadside, but the villagers were unhappy. They had only been paid after a delay of several months, which had caused considerable consternation. \u201cWe missed the spring plantation season as we were not paid in time,\u201d said one disgruntled villager. They also wanted fruit and flower trees instead of Chir pine saplings as this could provide them with some income in this underdeveloped region.<\/p>\n

In another area of Haripur where a \u201cmodel plantation\u201d had been established, people were critical about the kind of trees that were being planted. \u201cThey need to see which area needs what kinds of plantation that would be beneficial to the local community \u2013 for example they should be promoting olive trees here in this plantation,\u201d said Maqbool Malik from the village of Mang.<\/p>\n

The project is clearly not perfect, but as the villagers were told, ultimately the trees planted in this remote mountainous area would prevent soil erosion and landslides and was for the benefit of their future generations. The entire project is also being monitored by the forest department, the KP government<\/a> and WWF. WWF published a report after its one of its audits. Although the report is not yet publicly available, thethirdpole.net was shown its executive summary. It\u00a0stated, \u201cIn the light of the findings it is concluded that an excellent effort has been made in achieving the ambitious targets of the BTTAP project.\u201d But it also noted, \u201cIn general it was noticed that the social mobilization process had been given least importance, which needs to be put on the forefront.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ejaz Ahmed, senior director at WWF-Pakistan, added, \u201cAt this stage of the monitoring, the success ratio (for the tree saplings) was encouraging and we feel that this project is going to contribute positively in the forest cover improvement\u201d.<\/p>\n

International recognition <\/strong><\/p>\n

At the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference in Paris, the project was recognised by the Bonn Challenge<\/a>, which is a global partnership aiming to restore 150 million hectares of the world\u2019s deforested and degraded lands by 2020. At the Paris conference, the KP government pledged to restore 384,000 hectares of degraded land (by reforestation) under its \u201cBillion Tree Tsunami\u201d project.<\/p>\n

Imran Khan recently also inaugurated the One Tree, One Life initiative, under which children are being motivated to plant a tree and become a part of the \u201cBillion Tree Tsunami\u201d. During the launch day on the International Day of Forests on 21 March, over 10,000 school children planted more than 100,000 trees in Peshawar alone. According to Imran Khan, the Chairman of the PTI, \u201cThe project is aimed at not only planting a billion trees by 2018 but also shifting mindsets in the province and in Pakistan from environmental destruction towards valuing, conserving and preserving our precious natural resources\u201d.<\/p>\n

Winning over the opposition<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pakistan\u2019s federal government, led by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif\u2019s PML(N) party which had attacked the \u201cBillion Tree Tsunami\u201d when it was first launched, has now approved its own \u201cGreen Pakistan Programme<\/a>\u201d. The aim of the programme is to plant 100 million trees all over the country in the next five years and will be led by the Prime Minister himself.<\/p>\n

In December 2015, the chief spokesperson for the federal PML(N) government, Pervez Rashid, while addressing a press conference in Lahore, questioned the feasibility of the project. \u201cWhen did this gigantic task take place?\u201d he demanded. The PTI\u2019s response at the time was to invite the minister to the plantations to see for himself.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is heartening to see that the federal government has gone from criticising to emulating this forestry initiative,\u201d said Imran Khan. \u201cI hope that they will implement what they are advertising and become partners in saving our country\u2019s environmental future and combating climate change.\u201d<\/p>\n

Map showing forest loss across Asia:<\/em><\/p>\n

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