{"id":20018985,"date":"2016-06-01T11:20:44","date_gmt":"2016-06-01T05:50:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=18985"},"modified":"2021-01-03T20:46:15","modified_gmt":"2021-01-03T15:16:15","slug":"noahs-ark-is-made-of-earth-in-bangladesh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/noahs-ark-is-made-of-earth-in-bangladesh\/","title":{"rendered":"Noah\u2019s Ark is made of earth in Bangladesh"},"content":{"rendered":"

When Cyclone Roanu hit coastal Bangladesh recently, half a million people had to leave their homes in search of high ground and cyclone shelters. As television cameras tracked the exodus, one could see that people were first herding their cattle to safety, sometimes even risking their lives. It is the usual practice.<\/p>\n

Bangladesh experiences frequent cyclones, usually seen by locals as an \u201cAct of God\u201d, though scientists say climate change has made them more intense and more frequent.<\/p>\n

During a cyclone, low-lying villages risk massive storm surges that destroy farms and kill livestock, affecting livelihoods for years to come.<\/p>\n

Often people lose precious time saving their cattle. \u201cPeople have very limited options and time to think properly \u2013 they have to save their resources and livestock is a precious for rural households,\u201d says Bishawjit Mallick, a researcher studying cyclones in a project of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, US.<\/p>\n

Roanu killed at least 24 people, and the figures of farm and cattle loss have yet to emerge.<\/p>\n

See Killer cyclone crosses Bangladesh coast<\/a><\/p>\n

Studies show that one way to protect livelihoods \u2013 and even lives \u2013 is to offer safety for cattle.<\/p>\n

Nurmia is an elderly farmer in Mazer Char, a riverine island in the south-western coastal district of Pirojpur, in Barisal division. He lost his wife when Cyclone Sidr struck in 2007, as they stayed behind to save their 20 cows. Still, ten of them drowned.<\/p>\n

Studies after Cyclone Sidr \u2013 which killed over 4,000 people \u2013 and the 2009 Cyclone Aila, suggest that people often lose valuable time by trying to save assets. \u201cIn our coastal study sites, for instance, the early warning messages sometimes arrived too late, so people did not have enough time to evacuate to a cyclone shelter\u201d says Sonja Ayeb-Karlsson<\/a>,\u00a0who manages the Gibika<\/a>\u00a0 climate resilience project at the\u00a0UN University Institute for Environment and Human Security<\/a>, Bonn, Germany.<\/p>\n

\u201cHowever, perhaps even more important, is that people sometimes decide not to evacuate to the shelters at all. Our research shows that people often stay behind with their cattle or their fishing boats, risking their lives in the hope of saving their sources of income,\u201d Ayeb-Karlsson explains<\/a>. So what do the residents do? They make a killa<\/a>, the equivalent of the Biblical Noah\u2019s Ark that saved animals during a legendary global deluge. The difference? This Ark is made of mud.<\/p>\n

A killa is a raised earthen platform where people tether their livestock during a storm. Traditionally, a killa is small and can hold the livestock of a family or two. Now the government is supporting the construction of large killas that can shelter 300-400 livestock.<\/p>\n

\"A<\/a>
A killa in Bethua Chakaria, Cox’s Bazaar [Image by Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology]<\/figcaption><\/figure>Killas are common in middle coastal zones of Bangladesh, parts of which were hit by the Cyclone Roanu. Only a very few villages along the southwestern coast of Bangladesh had killas. But after the 2009 Cyclone Aila broke the embankment around Suterkhali village in Khulna district and inundated the village and fields, affecting livelihoods for years, a killa was the first demand made by residents. This is the typical demand made throughout the region.<\/p>\n

The villagers conducted a community risk assessment as part of the government\u2019s\u00a0Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP)<\/a>. \u201cIf there is a future disaster, we would lose our cattle again. We decided that we needed a safe place for them,\u201d the villagers narrated in an International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED)\u00a0<\/a>study.<\/p>\n

The villagers briefed the Upazila Parishad (sub-district council); and the government considered the villagers\u2019 plan under its Local Disaster Risk Reduction Fund Initiative.<\/p>\n

After its plan was approved, the Union Parishad (village council) and the Upazila Parishad managed the BDT 2.5 million (USD 32,000) project in 2015. They raised their own initial funds and it is a very effective way of using climate funds locally, the IIED study shows.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe feel quite good implementing a project on our own,\u201d a villager said. \u201cHowever, the whole work would have been more efficient if some money was delivered before we started work (instead of paying against expenses).\u201d<\/p>\n

The outcome is a platform made of mud raised around 4 metres) above the ground and 100 metres by 100 metres in area. \u201cWe tie up the cattle there when there is a disaster,\u201d the villager said. \u201cWe can now face a disaster boldly. We are capable of handling bigger projects.\u201d<\/p>\n

The residents would like more such risk reduction measures. \u201cWe are surrounded by a river,\u201d said the chairman of the village council. \u201cWe do not have funds for a quick response. Whenever we face a disaster, we wait for orders from authorities.\u201d<\/p>\n

Meanwhile killas are becoming more and more popular in Bangladesh, with government and NGO support. \u201cThey are certainly a possible solution,\u201d says\u00a0Saleemul Huq<\/a>, director of the\u00a0International Centre for Climate Change & Development<\/a>, Dhaka.<\/p>\n

Killas are found in other flood prone parts of the country as well. \u201cTo cope with the excessive flooding, families invest in protecting their homestead by raising the plinths above flood level, an indigenous adaptation technique,\u201d says\u00a0Sanjib Kumar Saha<\/a>, a climate adaptation and disaster risk reduction expert in Dhaka.<\/p>\n

It is also important to maintain existing killas, experts note. \u201cKillas are seldom maintained by the communities or even the authorities. So there is a need of assessing the stability of these raised lands so that the killas themselves do not become vulnerable during cyclones owing to landslides caused by huge livestock loads,\u201d notes a study by the Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka.<\/p>\n

\u201cPeople do not want to leave their livestock far from their location; killas are often not secure enough or maintained; and they are often hard to reach in an emergency situation. Therefore, it will be better to construct killas and cyclone shelters in the same premises \u2013 even underneath the shelter,\u201d the study suggested.<\/p>\n

Huq says the government is trying this option. \u201cIn fact, the newer cyclone shelters are built with a killa to allow people to bring goats and cows with them.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Coastal villagers are building raised earthen platforms to protect livestock from surging waves during cyclones<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000114,"featured_media":20018995,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[17827,543,561],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000116],"class_list":["post-20018985","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-climate-adaptation","tag-extreme-weather","tag-livestock","country-bangladesh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNoah\u2019s Ark is made of earth in Bangladesh | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Coastal villagers are building raised earthen platforms to protect livestock from surging waves during cyclones\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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