{"id":20019309,"date":"2016-06-27T06:29:03","date_gmt":"2016-06-27T06:29:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=19309"},"modified":"2021-01-03T06:57:35","modified_gmt":"2021-01-03T01:27:35","slug":"jharkhand-dam-resurrected-despite-past-bloodshed","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/jharkhand-dam-resurrected-despite-past-bloodshed\/","title":{"rendered":"Jharkhand dam resurrected despite past bloodshed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Water flowed only once through the incomplete Kutku Mandal Dam in Latehar district of the eastern Indian state of Jharkhand. Construction was begun in 1975, and the water was released in 1997. According to a report by the Coordination of Democratic Rights Organisations (CDRO)<\/a>, a coalition of civil rights NGOs, the water was released to shut down protests against the building of the dam.<\/p>\n

The report states:<\/p>\n

“The immediate reason for the postponement being that in order to silence the villagers\u2019 protests the dam engineer Baijnath Mishra shut the temporary \/sluice gate of the dam in August 1997.Thirty two nearby villages were submerged overnight in the resulting floods, and approximately 1100 families were affected. A large number of animals died and a lot of people\u2019s property and goods were destroyed. The elderly people in the village reported that pans for carrying cement and rubble were used as boats to rescue people. Twenty one people drowned.<\/em><\/p>\n

On 16 August the Maoists assassinated dam engineer Baijnath Mishra. Since then the project has been shut down.”<\/em><\/p>\n

After years of lying idle the controversial dam is now likely be revived in the coming months. The 68 metre high dam is a part of North Koel River Project proposed for a sub-tributary of Ganga River. Unsurprisingly the plans to review the project are agitating tribal villagers. They also pose a threat to the already dwindling numbers of tigers and elephants in the Palamau Tiger Reserve.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a>
The shallow North Koel River is a sub-tributary of the Ganga [image by Satya Prakash]<\/figcaption><\/figure>The North Koel River Project report<\/a> says that the project will help irrigate 124,270 hectares of agricultural land in Bihar and Jharkhand. Most of the benefit would be to Bihar\u2019s Aurangabad district, which will receive water for 111,800 hectares of parched agricultural land.\u00a0In Jharkhand, about 12,470 hectares, about a tenth of the total area to be irrigated due to the damn, will also benefit. A 24 MW hydropower plant is also a major component of the project.<\/p>\n

Prakash Javedkar, the union minister for the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), first announced plans for the revival of the project in Ranchi, on his way to an election campaign in Aurangabad. In May this year, his office sent a team to Latehar to assess the revival of the defunct dam. The decades of delay have increased the project costs from INR 430 million (USD 6.4 million) in 1972 to INR 1.3 billion in 2015. A pick up barrage about 100 kilometres downstream of the dam and a network of canals is ready.<\/p>\n

Tribal Protest<\/strong><\/p>\n

Punit Minz, a tribal activist, says the project\u2019s gory history is set to repeat itself. \u201cThe dam might be ready but tribal families from 15 villages whose land would be completely submerged are not ready. Many people have lost lives because of this project,\u201d he recalls.<\/p>\n

Minz was a witness to the deaths and bloodshed in 1997 at the dam site. The Maoists who claimed responsibility for the killing of the dam engineer Baijnath Mishra still operate in the area. They claim they are fighting for greater rights for tribal people and rural poor. Their insurgency began in the Eastern state of West Bengal in the late 1960s, spreading to more than one-third of India\u2019s 600-plus administrative districts. Maoists have also formed a strong Red Corridor<\/a> mainly comprising of three states – Jharkhand, Odisha and Chattisgarh \u2013 but also including parts of Maharastra, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh for easy movement of their armed cadre.<\/p>\n

Minz warns that tribal villagers are furious over the revival of the dam. \u201cWhole villages have been declared submergence zone.\u201d What makes it even worse is that these areas have been largely neglected by the government. \u201cThere have been no health centres or government facilities in the area for the last 40 years which further infuriates villagers,\u201d Minz said.<\/p>\n

The five villages that were displaced during dam construction have still not received compensation despite ongoing protests. Over 660 displaced families<\/a> have blocked the national highway every few months to raise their issue.<\/p>\n

Damming a dry river<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nitish Priyadarshi, a geologist and former professor of Ranchi University, points out rivers in Jharkhand are mostly rain fed rivulets. \u201cIn the last five years, rivers like the Koel and Subrenarekha are drying up. The water flow has become extremely low,\u201d he says. \u201cConstruction of a dam on such a river won\u2019t serve the purpose of irrigation or power generation.\u201d<\/p>\n

With drying rivers, hydropower generation is limited to the monsoon months in the state. The 130 megawatt Sikidiri Hydro Project on Subernarekha River located around 40 kilometres from Ranchi is mostly idle throughout the year. The reservoir is supposed to be maintained at a depth of 1,925 metres<\/a> to ensure drinking water, but this level is reached only three to four months in a year. On many occasions, authorities have closed the dam\u2019s sluice gate because of inadequate water<\/a> in the reservoir.<\/p>\n

Priyadarshi warns that the low level of the water in the reservoir is because of changing rainfall patterns and water use in the region. \u201cIn such a scenario, dams on the rivers in Jharkhand are not a very practical idea,\u201d he reiterates.<\/p>\n

Big cats, shrinking home<\/strong><\/p>\n

There is another problem. The project will inundate almost half of the 1,000 square kilometre Palamau Tiger Reserve<\/a>. Elephants have also died in the reserve because of the construction of the Ranchi-New Delhi railway track that runs through the reserve\u2019s elephant corridor area.<\/p>\n

\"The<\/a>
Almost half of the the Palamau Tiger Reserve will be inundated because of the dam [image by Satya Prakash]<\/figcaption><\/figure>The tiger population in the reserve is already dwindling. The reserve was home to 22 tigers in 1973<\/a> and<\/u> saw unprecedented growth to 42 tigers in 2003. But in the 2014 census, the number of tigers dropped down to only three.\u00a0 S. E. H. Kazmi, former director of the reserve, told thethirdpole.net<\/a> that tiger reserve suffers from severe manpower shortage and constant gun battle between Maoists and security forces furthers hampers tiger conservation work leading to low number of tiger. Kazmi did not rule out the possibility of poaching, \u201cWhen the tracking cameras fail to show visible tigers for a long period of time then it\u2019s a hint that the tiger has been poached,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n

Kazmi points out that the North Koel River Project will not only reduce the area of the tiger reserve but also lead to the massive movement of armed Maoists, security forces and villagers, further disturbing the abode of tigers and elephants.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe fear that submergence of villages will lead to more Maoists [in the reserve] leading to increased gun battle with security forces,\u201d he says. \u201cOnce villages are submerged then tribal villagers would have no option but to clear the forest land to build their new settlement,\u201d he says, \u201cthis will lead to a major discontent inside the reserve.\u201d<\/p>\n

At the moment, the forest department strikes a delicate balance between Maoists and villagers to maintain wildlife in the reserve. Nearly 70% of the forest guard posts are vacant and villagers have become informants and protectors of wildlife.<\/p>\n

Kazmi wrote a letter to the National Tiger Conservation Authority<\/a> (NTCA) warning them of the threats to the tiger reserve. \u201cNow, it\u2019s up to the authority to decide whether it should give its nod to the project,\u201d Kazmi said.<\/p>\n

Last year, the Bihar government agreed to reduce the height of the dam by four metres, which will reduce the area of the reserve that will be submerged, but so far that is the only change.<\/p>\n

Old project, new laws<\/strong><\/p>\n

Since 1970 new laws has been introduced to protect the environment which have stalled the project. The Forest and Wildlife Protection Act prohibits any project that runs through protected areas or forest reserve.<\/p>\n

However, Upendra Kushwaha, union state minister for human resource development and Sushil Singh, a member of parliament from Aurangabad district are doing all they can to get the project back on track. They have asked the prime minister to intervene and start the Koel project. Kushwaha is also advocating the Wildlife Protection Act be relaxed for this project. He refused to comment, despite repeated attempts by this correspondent.<\/p>\n

Saryu Rai, minister for parliamentary affairs, food, public distribution and consumer affairs in the Jharkhand government, has been active in protecting rivers in Jharkhand. He believes the debate over the project is about the the kind of development the state wants. \u201cThe final decision on the issue will be taken by NTCA or the Supreme Court,\u201d he says.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dam construction in eastern India to be resumed after forty years, amid violent protests and expert warnings over lack of water and tiger threats<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2194,"featured_media":20019310,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039900,50039903],"tags":[502,50029567,554],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20019309","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice","category-water","tag-activism","tag-agroforestry","tag-hydropower","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nJharkhand dam resurrected despite past bloodshed | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dam construction in eastern India to be resumed after forty years, amid violent protests and expert warnings over lack of water and tiger threats\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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