{"id":20019611,"date":"2016-07-19T12:00:12","date_gmt":"2016-07-19T06:30:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=19611"},"modified":"2021-01-03T06:14:02","modified_gmt":"2021-01-03T00:44:02","slug":"hurry-up-with-the-micro-hydro","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/hurry-up-with-the-micro-hydro\/","title":{"rendered":"Hurry up with the micro hydro"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Approximately 60% of Pakistan\u2019s population <a href=\"http:\/\/www.tradingeconomics.com\/pakistan\/rural-population-percent-of-total-population-wb-data.html\">lives in rural areas<\/a>, and though access to electricity has gone up remarkably, the supply is both <a href=\"http:\/\/pubdocs.worldbank.org\/en\/663781463774919478\/Summary-Slides-Electricity-Access-Pakistan-World-Bank-ASTAE-Mar2016.pdf\">erratic and inadequate<\/a>. Off-grid electrification is the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.powerasia.com.pk\/icaep2014\/presentations\/AEDB_Current_Status_Prospects.pdf\">only feasible solution<\/a> to provide electricity to three million households in the most remote areas. Despite a huge energy crisis since 2008, resulting in 12 hours a day of load shedding (planned power cuts) in some places, the country is utilising only 128 MW of electricity out of the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.aedb.org\/index.php\/ae-technologies\/small-hydro\">total potential of 3,100 MW<\/a> from small hydropower projects. In Pakistan large hydropower projects cannot be built without external financial support, thus making micro-hydropower projects (MHPs) that much more attractive.<\/p>\n<p>In a bid to reap this potential the provincial government\u00a0of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), governed by the Pakistan Tehreek-i-Insaf (PTI) party, has claimed that 250 mini and micro hydropower projects will become fully operational to provide electricity to around 245,000 people in hilly areas of KPK <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1267550\/250-mini-hydropower-projects-to-be-functional-in-kp-by-end-2016\">by the end of 2016<\/a>. So far, though, the pace has been slow. Imran Khan, the leader of PTI, announced the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1101298\">construction of 350 small dams<\/a> in 2014 in KPK. Of these, \u201conly 55 such projects have been completed so far\u201d, says Baseerat Naz, chairperson of the Fatma Welfare Foundation (FWF).<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_19617\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19617\" style=\"width: 1020px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Rashingmoney-MHP-Dist-Battagram_FWF_4.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-19617\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/Rashingmoney-MHP-Dist-Battagram_FWF_4.jpg\" alt=\"Raising funds for a MHP in Battagram, KPK [image courtesy FWF]\" width=\"1020\" height=\"680\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19617\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Raising funds for a MHP in Battagram, KPK [image courtesy FWF]<\/figcaption><\/figure>FWF, a local NGO, is an implementing partner with the Pakhtunkhwa Energy Development Organisation (PEDO) and is building 22 MHPs in Buner and Malakand. According to Naz, who herself hails from an area without electricity in the Kohistan district of KPK, \u201cThere have been several policy changes, bureaucratic hurdles and sometimes unrealistic deadlines that are responsible for delaying\u00a0these much needed micro hydropower projects.\u201d FWF mobilises communities to contribute up to 20% of the cost of an MHP, mostly in terms of labour and land. \u201cMHPs cost less to build and [they are very] affordable upon completion as communities only pay between PKR 2-5 (USD 0.01-0.06) per unit of electricity,\u201d said Naz. In addition, after the completion of the MHP, the local communities are expected to operate and maintain the project without any external support.<\/p>\n<p>Though they are not much spoken about, MHPs have a four decade long history in Pakistan. Pakistan has successfully been building small hydropower projects in far-flung, remote and hilly areas of the KPK, Gilgit\u2013Baltistan, the Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) and Kashmir <a href=\"http:\/\/www.technologyreview.pk\/demystifying-pakistans-energy-crisis\/\">since 1976<\/a>. Sweat equity (time and labour), as the contribution from local communities is called, is a modest amount in most of the cases. Nevertheless it creates ownership and sustainability. Initial financial and technical support is provided by executing agencies including government and non-governmental organisations. In the long run, the project is maintained by the communities and its benefits remain available to many future generations.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_19615\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-19615\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/District-Dir-Upper_SRSP_2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-19615\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/District-Dir-Upper_SRSP_2.jpg\" alt=\"A micro hydel project in Dir, in Khyber Pakhtunwa [image courtesy SRSP]\" width=\"500\" height=\"750\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-19615\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A micro hydel project in Dir, in Khyber Pakhtunwa [image courtesy SRSP]<\/figcaption><\/figure>The Aga Khan Rural Support Programme (AKRSP) and the Sarhad Rural Support Programme have both received the Ashden Award in recognition of their work on MHPs in northern Pakistan. Until 2015 the Sarhad Rural Support Programme had helped construct <a href=\"http:\/\/e4sv.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/02\/WR10-Smart-Villages-in-Pakistan-Islamad-Workshop-Report.pdf\">166 micro-hydro projects<\/a> with a total generation capacity of 9.6 MW benefitting 275,000 people. Similarly, the AKRSP has helped create 191 micro-hydro schemes with a total generation capacity of 14.35 MW. In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ashden.org\/files\/AKRSP%202004%20case%20study.pdf\">over 90% of the cases<\/a> the local communities have kept the MHPs in order, with limited costs but multiple benefits in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2015\/jun\/12\/pakistan-electricity-village-micro-hydro-ashden-award\">education, health and lifestyle<\/a> of the communities.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/2015\/07\/27\/chitral-pioneers-community-hydropower-schemes\/\">See:\u00a0Chitral pioneers community hydropower schemes<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Pakistan joined the global \u201cSmart Village Initiative\u201d (SVI) started in 2014. Through this initiative the Rural Support Programmes Network acts as a local partner to remote off-grid\u00a0villages. In these areas local power projects are both\u00a0more realistic and cheaper than national grid extension.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/2016\/03\/10\/the-smart-villages-of-northern-pakistan\/\">See: The smart villages of northern Pakistan<\/a><\/p>\n<p>During a recent visit to the picturesque valley of Kumrat, located in the foothills of Hindu Kush in KPK, Imran Khan said that <a href=\"http:\/\/www.diplomacypakistan.com\/main-front\/kpk-imran-khan-decided-to-discover-tourist-sites\/\">ecotourism should be developed<\/a>, helping create livelihood opportunities for local people. Such goals will only be realistic if supported by MHPs. Furthermore, given the vulnerability of agriculture to extreme climate events, hydropower projects help offer a steady water supply for irrigation, flood and drought control.<\/p>\n<p>According to recent estimates, the incidence of <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dawn.com\/news\/1266171\">poverty in KPK is 49%<\/a>. Access to energy will especially benefit women. Efficient stoves, pumps for drinking water and agro-processing reduce the workload, improve health, and provide income. Better lighting extends the day for productive work and strengthens education and health services. Irrigated agriculture provides increased employment opportunities for the poor. On the whole, improving energy infrastructure as part of an overall rural development program has a synergistic effect.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe KPK government has taken much longer than required to reap this MHP potential. Had it acted on time, KPK would have been energy sufficient by this time,\u201d said Pir Sher Shah, a political activist from Mardan. Pakistan and in particular, the government of KPK needs to act faster by facilitating the rapid completion of these MHP and unleash multiple opportunities for its people.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Although Pakistan has successfully been building micro hydro projects in the Hindu Kush Himalayas for 40 years, their full potential is yet to be realised<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000114,"featured_media":20019616,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757,50039903],"tags":[20000022,554],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000112],"class_list":["post-20019611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","category-water","tag-himalayas","tag-hydropower","country-pakistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - 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