{"id":20020140,"date":"2016-09-16T13:34:37","date_gmt":"2016-09-16T08:04:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=20140"},"modified":"2020-10-01T21:00:22","modified_gmt":"2020-10-01T15:30:22","slug":"ghoramara","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/ghoramara\/","title":{"rendered":"Photo story: Living on the edge of a rising sea"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>For people living on the islands in the Ganga estuary, climate change is a demon they battle every day. It has already transformed their lives and livelihood. Nowhere is this clearer\u00a0than in\u00a0Sagar administrative block in West Bengal on the edge of the\u00a0Bay of Bengal.\u00a0This area is part\u00a0of the Sundarbans, the world\u2019s largest mangrove ecosystem, and\u00a0one of the areas most vulnerable to climate change in India.<\/p>\n<p>The Sagar block, which has a population of around 200,000, has to not only grapple with a rising sea level at a rate that is nearly 250% higher than global rate (8 mm per year compared with 3.23 mm per year, according to the school of oceanographic studies of Jadavpur University in Kolkata), but also stands exposed to increasing high intensity cyclones and storms. The rising sea has already submerged Lohachara island in Sagar block, eaten nearly three-fourths of Ghoramara island and severely affected the bigger Sagar island.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Also see:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/2014\/11\/12\/ganga-villages-devastated-by-rising-sea-level\/\">Ganga villages devastated by sea level rise<\/a><\/p>\n<p>The story of Ghoramara shows that how climate change is changing the way people live \u2014 how it divides families, breaks social taboos and hastens forced migration. The largely poor people in the island (45% live below the poverty line) are under enormous socioeconomic stress that has upturned their lives.<\/p>\n<p><strong>All photographs by Anup Bhattacharya<\/strong><strong>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-20142\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/1-ghoramara.jpg\" alt=\"1-ghoramara\" width=\"1000\" height=\"463\" \/> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sagar Island (left) and Ghoramara Island (right) were attached in early 20<sup>th<\/sup> century. By the middle of the century older people say they could swim across from Ghoramara to Sagar during low tide in a few minutes. Today it takes about 40 minutes to reach Sagar Island from Ghoramara. The gap between the islands has increased mainly due to rapid erosion in Ghoramara.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-20152\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/2.-ghoramara.jpg\" alt=\"2-ghoramara\" width=\"1200\" height=\"621\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ghoramara Island, about 30 km north of the Bay of Bengal, has seen unprecedented erosion in last few decades. From 26 square km, it has shrunk to around 6.7 square km. The erosion has been rapid in past four decades with about half of the land lost to the Ganga during the period. The population, which once around 40,000, is now merely 5,193, according at the 2011 census. Lohachara, a neighbouring island, has totally vanished. The Khasimara area of Ghoramara is fast disappearing<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-20151\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/3.-ghoramara-1.jpg\" alt=\"3-ghoramara\" width=\"1200\" height=\"638\" \/><\/p>\n<p>An elderly couple, Kumed Mondal in his eighties and Madhuri Mondal in her mid-sixties, live a lonely life in a mud house in Ghoramara. Their sons left long ago in search of greener and safer pastures and their daughters are married. \u201cThe river was originally far from our house but now it seems to be coming closer every day. Kumed Mandal says. This is the story of most families in Ghoramara, with elderly people or women staying behind to look after the vanishing property and hoping for some compensation from the government.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-20150\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/4.-ghoramara-1.jpg\" alt=\"4-ghoramara\" width=\"1200\" height=\"797\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Nilmani Parua, in his forties, lives alone in his two-roomed hut. Parua would have been a sought after groom anywhere in West Bengal but not in Ghoramara. Climate change has wrought a curious social upheaval. Boys in Ghoramara struggle to get a wife unless she is from the same island. \u201cWho will get his daughter married off to a family who live on a sinking island such as Ghoramara,\u201d Parua ruefully says sitting in his bachelor den.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-20149\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/5.-ghoramara.jpg\" alt=\"5-ghoramara\" width=\"1200\" height=\"797\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The post office in Ghoramara was the second to be set up in West Bengal after Kolkata. Once a two-storied building on 36 acres of land, it is now shifted to a single rented room. \u201cEverything went under the water about 12 years ago and since then we have been working in this rented place,\u201d says postman Abhimonyu Mondal. Now the post office closes around midday because there is very little work. \u201cOn average, 10 to 12 letters come every day. How much time do you need to dispatch them?\u201d asked postmaster Srikanto Rana.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-20148 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/6.-ghoramara-1-e1601046146460.jpg\" alt=\"6-ghoramara\" width=\"1200\" height=\"797\" \/><\/p>\n<p>The human exodus outpaces the erosion in Ghoramara. While the island area has shrunk to about one-fourth of its previous size, only one-eighth of the population remains. The mass migration has happened because of a loss in livelihoods. The lucrative betel leaf cultivation (pictured) has taken a severe beating due to continuous intrusion of salt water. Increasing salinity has also affected the fisheries, the other major source of livelihood in the area. Many people have migrated to places like Kerala or Chennai to find work.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-20147\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/7.-ghoramara.jpg\" alt=\"7-ghoramara\" width=\"1200\" height=\"797\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Mamata Bibi has been married into a family that had changed address five times, forced by the rising water. Now her family is searching for a new destination, preferably outside Ghoramara, as the present dwelling has come perilously close to the advancing river. \u201cWe do not know how long this house will survive. My brother-in-law, his wife and my husband have gone to scout for a piece of land outside Ghoramara,\u201d says Mamata.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-20153 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/8-ghoramara2.jpg\" alt=\"8-ghoramara2\" width=\"1200\" height=\"797\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Dhoblat Sibpur in Sagar Island looks like nature is waging a battle against itself. The area by the sea has a few huts barely surviving alongside the trees. \u201cThis is our fourth house. Every time during the high tide, we fear being washed away,\u201d says Liala Khatoon, tiptoeing carefully in ankle deep low tide water.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-20156\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/9.-ghoramara.jpg\" alt=\"9-ghoramara\" width=\"1200\" height=\"797\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Sheik Istaq (left) and Sheik Mahmood, now in their sixties, left Ghoramara 45 years ago and now live in a\u00a0resettlement\u00a0colony\u00a0within Sagar island, also called Ghoramara. Though life has become safer, it has become more difficult. \u201cWe had so much land in Ghoramara. When we were rehabilitated here 45 years ago along with 30 families uprooted from Ghoramara. Each family was given a small piece of land. It has now become extremely difficult to meet two ends,\u201d Sheik Istaq says. \u201cWe still do not have electricity and other facilities which the sons of the soil from Sagar have,\u201d says Sheik Mahmood.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-20154\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/10.-ghoramara-1.jpg\" alt=\"10-ghoramara\" width=\"1200\" height=\"797\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Ghoramara has been sinking but there has been an effort stop the inevitable. Local lawmaker Bankim Hazra said he has taken steps to ensure the island still receives development funding from the government. \u201cIt\u2019s difficult, but we are trying to stop erosion as far as possible and save whatever is left in Ghoramara,\u201d says Hazra. The poster says, \u201cWe want to save Ghoramara.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><em>Anup Bhattacharya is a Kolkata-based photojournalist. <\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>This article was first\u00a0published\u00a0on\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/indiaclimatedialogue.net\/2016\/09\/16\/living-edge-rising-sea\/\">India Climate Dialogue<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ghoramara Island in the Ganga estuary of West Bengal is slowly being submerged by rising sea levels, forcing people to migrate in large numbers<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":581,"featured_media":20020153,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[519,20000005,50040706,589],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20020140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-climate-impacts","tag-ganga","tag-migration","tag-sea-level-rise","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Photo story: Living on the edge of a rising sea | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ghoramara Island in the Ganga estuary of West Bengal is slowly being submerged by rising sea levels, forcing people to migrate in large numbers\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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