{"id":20022123,"date":"2017-05-09T12:30:34","date_gmt":"2017-05-09T07:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=22123"},"modified":"2020-12-23T16:51:35","modified_gmt":"2020-12-23T11:21:35","slug":"tarbela-dam-pakistan-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/tarbela-dam-pakistan-3\/","title":{"rendered":"Learning hard lessons: AIIB and the Tarbela dam in Pakistan"},"content":{"rendered":"

Opening the Global Infrastructure Forum in April, Jin Liqun, president of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), said in its first year of operations over 75 % of its projects have been co-financed with these other banks, enabling the AIIB to benefit from their experience. \u201cThe youngest can enjoy the advantage of learning from the elders,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Learning lessons from the Tarbela dam<\/strong><\/p>\n

Learning lessons from other multilateral development banks is a laudable goal. It could allow the AIIB to adopt best practices and avoid past mistakes, which have often resulted in huge social and environmental costs. With that in mind, the Bank Information Center (BIC) Europe together with Naeem Iqbal, a researcher based in Pakistan, investigated the case of the Tarbela 5 \u00a0\u2013 a project to increase production at an existing dam on the Indus River\u00a0\u2013 to show how this co-financing model is working in reality. Our findings have just been published in what is one of the first NGO reports on an AIIB financed project.<\/p>\n

Tarbela 5 was one of the first six projects<\/a> approved by the AIIB in 2016. AIIB invested USD 300 million, alongside USD 390 million from the World Bank and USD 335 million from the Pakistan government. On paper the project makes perfect sense for the new bank: rather than building a new dam, the investment<\/a> will boost production at an existing hydro-dam by almost 3,000 MW and link it to the national grid via new transmission lines to \u201cprovide a low cost, clean, renewable energy option\u201d. This will help alleviate severe blackouts in the country and replace expensive and polluting small gasoline and diesel generators. Ostensibly, this lives up to the AIIB\u2019s \u201cclean and green\u201d mantra.<\/p>\n

Tarbela dam and community impacts<\/strong><\/p>\n

But a deeper look at Tarbela 5 shows a landscape and community that have suffered extreme harms that have not yet been righted. Tens of thousands of people were displaced between the 1960s and 1990s by two mega-hydropower projects, Tarbela and Gazi Brarotha. Most were subsistence farmers and fisher people. Tarbela alone submerged 120 villages. A case study<\/a> for the World Commission on Dams documented significant problems with the resettlement of these affected people. To this day many thousands of families remain impoverished and are still seeking fair compensation and redress for their losses.<\/p>\n

The AIIB has recognised this<\/a> and committed that its investment in Tarbela 5 will not only contribute to the new construction, but also address \u201csocial legacy issues\u201d from the previous projects.<\/p>\n

The Tarbela 5 project presents a significant challenge to the new bank. The AIIB\u2019s co-financier, the World Bank was\u00a0the lead backer of the original dam project on the Indus River in the 1970s, and so the World Bank\u00a0must ensure its new partner acknowledges the mistakes of the past. Tarbela 5 is also a test of the AIIB\u2019s environmental and social safeguards: are they strong enough to protect local people from the impacts of the new project, avoiding the grave harms that others suffered in the past?<\/p>\n

Early indications warn that the AIIB will face very tough questions. A World Bank representative revealed to us that redress will be limited to those people who have previously filed court cases, rather than being extended to all those harmed by the past projects. Project documents also confirm redress will be meted out by the Resettlement Commission set up by the World Bank, a body that has at best a chequered past: it has to date settled only 16 of the thousands of cases outstanding. Yet this limit to justice is not clear from project documents, threatening to raise false expectations among affected communities.<\/p>\n

Construction of the new 52 kilometre transmission line and associated 160 towers will cause disruption to local farmers, who are concerned about the limited compensation on offer for just one crop cycle. More concerning is the new grid station that will displace some 260 families. Though clearly part of the Tarbela dam project, the World Bank removed the grid station from the project preparation plan to avoid the AIIB having to address land acquisition and resettlement issues, according to the WB\u2019s representative. Excising it from the project does not however \u2018disappear\u2019 its impacts. AIIB policy<\/a> is quite clear on so-called \u2018associated facilities\u2019, that their impacts must be disclosed and measures to mitigate them must be applied.<\/p>\n

BIC Europe\u2019s case study also points out that the project\u2019s consultation and access to information \u2013 processes that are vital in re-building trust in the region – have not followed best practice. For instance, translations of crucial project documents in Urdu were only made public following our enquiries to the banks.<\/p>\n

President Jin has promised that poverty reduction would be a \u2018derivative\u2019 of AIIB\u2019s projects. However, if there is one lesson the new bank must learn, it is that those who bear the cost of development \u2013 local people who are displaced and lose access to farmlands or fisheries \u2013 are often left more marginalised and impoverished. The AIIB is relying on the World Bank for the necessary environmental and social management plans for the project; and Hamid Sharif, the head of the AIIB\u2019s accountability mechanism, has said that it will not conduct compliance reviews for co-financed projects. However, as a co-financier of the project that has committed to address past harms, the AIIB has inherited its \u201celder\u2019s\u201d legacy and must bear equal responsibility for the project and its impacts.<\/p>\n

See also: Opinion: the Basha dam and Pakistan’s water crisis<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Controversy over resettlement and land grabs show that the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank can\u2019t simply hide behind World Bank co-financing and standards to deliver its green development, writes Kate Geary<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2194,"featured_media":20022129,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757,50039903],"tags":[504,554,20000054,50040707],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000112],"class_list":["post-20022123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","category-water","tag-aiib","tag-hydropower","tag-indus","tag-the-third-pole","country-pakistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLearning hard lessons: AIIB and the Tarbela dam in Pakistan | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Naeem Ipbal explores what lessons can be learnt from a project aimed at increasing the Tarbela dam on 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