{"id":20022313,"date":"2017-06-09T12:30:52","date_gmt":"2017-06-09T07:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=22313"},"modified":"2020-12-23T15:23:11","modified_gmt":"2020-12-23T09:53:11","slug":"villagers-protecting-biodiversity-tibetan-plateau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/villagers-protecting-biodiversity-tibetan-plateau\/","title":{"rendered":"Meet the villagers protecting biodiversity on the top of the world"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>It was a chilly February day and Dangwen and his wildlife monitoring team were on patrol along the upper reaches of the Yangtze river. The river was frozen solid \u2014 easy for poachers to walk over.<\/p>\n<p>That day they encountered 220 blue sheep, five white-lipped deer, and a line of otter footprints. On the infrared camera traps they had set up throughout the valley, three snow leopards appeared \u2014 a mother and two cubs.<\/p>\n<p>Dangwen comes from Yunta, a village located in Sanjiangyuan, Qinghai Province on the Tibetan Plateau. The 400,000 km\u00b2 Sanjiangyuan\u00a0area serves as an important habitat for rich and unique biodiversity, and is a watershed of the three largest rivers in Asia: the Yellow, the Yangtze and the Mekong, which serve one billion people downstream.<\/p>\n<p>Dangwen isn\u2019t officially a researcher or an activist, but he has taken it upon himself to\u00a0monitor local wildlife with a team of other villagers as part of a conservation project driven by the Shanshui Conservation Centre, a Beijing-based\u00a0NGO.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A pilot village for conservation<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A mining company attempted to prospect the area almost a year before wildlife monitoring in the region started. The villagers were deeply disturbed because mining the mountains would <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecologyandsociety.org\/vol17\/iss2\/art13\/\">go against the spiritual values of Tibetan Buddhism<\/a> and threaten their safety.<\/p>\n<p>When the Shanshui NGO proposed the idea of organising villagers to monitor wildlife and protect their lands in 2013, Dangwen volunteered without hesitation. Having grown up in the village, he is familiar with the land, the river and the wildlife, and he is proud of the sacred mountains surrounding them. This is <a href=\"https:\/\/case.edu\/affil\/tibet\/tibetanNomads\/documents\/Localcommunititesandconservationonthetibetanplateau.pdf\">the fourth year that Yunta villagers have carried out this monitoring<\/a>, patrolled the village to spot poachers, and managed rubbish to keep the land and rivers clean.<\/p>\n<p>Monitoring data shows that local wildlife populations, including snow leopards, are increasing. The villagers\u2019 conservation is officially authorised by the local government \u2013 their stories have been reported by China Central Television \u2013 and the mining company never returned.<\/p>\n<p><strong>An inspiration for the Tibetan plateau<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Inspired by Yunta, four neighbouring villages began their own wildlife monitoring and anti-poaching patrols. With encouragement from local authorities, a village-based conservation network is being formed along the Tongtianhe Valley.<\/p>\n<p>Recognised as a conservation priority in China, the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chinadaily.com.cn\/china\/2017-02\/06\/content_28117036.htm\">Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve<\/a> was set up in 2003 and designated a national park in 2016. But the area faces big conservation challenges: government agencies have limited manpower to manage this vast area, and grazing rights to all its grasslands were given to households in the 1990s.<\/p>\n<p>This means that conservation in Sanjiangyuan would not be possible without support from local Tibetan communities. As Buddhists, these communities<a href=\"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/cobi.12135\/full\"> embrace the value of respecting nature and caring for other living beings<\/a>. Their system of sacred lands is similar to modern protected areas.<\/p>\n<p>That makes them natural allies for conservation. Yunta\u2019s experience has proven that, with proper training, villagers can become qualified conservationists. Essentially, they are providers of ecological services and should receive benefits from conservation in return.<\/p>\n<p>Based on this experience, a policy recommendation was made to the government, and the newly designated Sanjiangyuan National Park quickly responded.<\/p>\n<p>A total of <a href=\"http:\/\/news.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2016-08\/10\/c_135583701.htm\">16,400 jobs as guards<\/a>, with monthly salaries of 1,800 yuan (around US$260), are to be offered to villagers living inside the park \u2014 one per household. The next step is to explore the possibility of reducing grazing in key habitats to allow wildlife \u2014 especially large carnivores such as snow leopards \u2014 to thrive, and to slow down grassland degradation.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Protecting animals and humans<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Tibetan Plateau is the last place in Asia to maintain an ecosystem that is relatively intact, and where large carnivores and ungulates roam freel. Many of these \u2014 such as the\u00a0snow leopard, the Tibetan brown bear, the Tibetan antelope, the wild yak, the Tibetan wild ass, the Tibetan gazelle, and the blue sheep \u2014 are unique to the region.<\/p>\n<p>Maintaining this vast ecosystem is challenging because the local population of pastoralists is rapidly increasing; the human population of Sanjiangyuan has doubled since 1980.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, global climate change may have <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0168192314000033\">added to pressures on the grassland<\/a>. Is it possible, under these conditions, to protect the ecosystem successfully while <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecologyandsociety.org\/vol10\/iss2\/art7\/\">supporting the cultural and economic well-being<\/a> of Tibetan communities?<\/p>\n<p>After three decades of fast economic development, and demands by the Chinese people and government, a better <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/155102\/majority-chinese-prioritize-environment-economy.aspx\">environment is becoming a higher priority<\/a>. Several large ecological programs have been initiated \u2013 perhaps among the largest financial schemes in the world \u2013 to pay for protecting and restoring forests, grasslands and wetlands, though their effectiveness could be improved by more scientific planning and participation.<\/p>\n<p>The call for nature education from citizens, especially parents, is rapidly growing, and this has generated broad concerns over ongoing ecological degradation. Public participation in conservation is now protected by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/environment\/2014\/apr\/25\/china-strengthens-environmental-laws-polluting-factories\">environmental laws<\/a>. Political will, the interests of society, and traditional values are all coming together.<\/p>\n<p>This makes us believe that co-existence between humans and nature is not just wishful thinking. Yunta offers a strong starting point.<\/p>\n<p><em>This story first appeared in <a href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/meet-the-villagers-who-protect-biodiversity-on-the-top-of-the-world-78374\">The Conversation<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yunta, on the Tibetan plateau, offers hope that there are communities willing to go out of their way to preserve local fauna and ecosystems<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2911,"featured_media":20022324,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[511,523],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000110],"class_list":["post-20022313","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-biodiversity","tag-conservation","country-china"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - 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