{"id":20023448,"date":"2017-11-30T12:30:21","date_gmt":"2017-11-30T07:00:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=23448"},"modified":"2020-12-19T18:41:27","modified_gmt":"2020-12-19T13:11:27","slug":"climate-smart-practices-revive-cardamom-farming-in-eastern-himalayas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/food\/climate-smart-practices-revive-cardamom-farming-in-eastern-himalayas\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate smart practices revive cardamom farming in eastern Himalayas"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is the most important cash crop for smallholder farmers in the eastern Himalayas? No, it is not tea. It&#8217;s large cardamom.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The spice has specific growing conditions; loamy soil, moist and shady slopes that also get sunshine for some part of the day. Such a combination can only be found in eastern Nepal, southern Bhutan, Sikkim and the Darjeeling district of West Bengal, India.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditionally, large cardamom has grown wild in these hills, in soil considered unfit for cultivating food crops. Villagers have always known that they can get this spice free, and can sell what they don\u2019t need.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But\u00a0a combination of pests, deforestation and climate change have hit large cardamom plants, especially in Sikkim. The pest attacked the plant, deforestation meant lack of shade for the bushes, and climate change meant the water supply was now inconsistent \u2013 often too little, suddenly too much. As a result, the plant was almost wiped out.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When it disappeared, there were no roots to hold the soil together so it washed down to the bottom of the valley after every rainfall. Many lush hills of the eastern Himalayas started looking denuded.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That was when the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) \u2013 a research organisation based in Kathmandu \u2013 started to develop \u201cclimate-resilient value chain development\u201d for large cardamom as part of its Himalica programme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With support from the European Union,\u00a0we\u00a0partnered with the Environment Conservation and Development Forum in Taplejung, Nepal, to develop 12 demonstration farms where farmers are taught climate-resilient practices to grow large cardamom. These site visits are complemented by training and on-site coaching from local farmers and technical experts from ECDF. <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, what are these climate resilient farming practices?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Weather smart practices<\/strong><br \/>\nSelecting crop varieties based on weather trends (for example drought and\/or frost tolerant). Weeds should be left intact until winter passes to prevent field frostbite, particularly on new plantations. Harvesting should be delayed when rainfall is predicted. Mulching can be used to protect the bases of bushes from snow.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Soil and nutrients<br \/>\n<\/strong>Plant leguminous trees or shrubs for soil nutrients. Apply cow urine or <em>jhomal<\/em>\u00a0as natural fertiliser and pesticide. Intercrop nitrogen-fixing pulses or beans to enrich the nutrient base. Thin out alder trees that are more than 15 years old or too close together. Use slashed pseudo-stems, weeds or leftover fodder resident with dung for mulching to conserve soil moisture. Plant marigolds in cardamom fields to control harmful insects.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Water<\/strong><br \/>\nDig several pits throughout the plantation to store water during the rainy seasons. Make water ponds above the plantation to improve soil moisture. Create plastic water ponds to hold water after the monsoon. Use sprinkler irrigation during dry periods at least twice a week. <\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Energy<\/strong><br \/>\nPromote an improved dryer model that consumes less fuelwood and emits less carbon. Use hard wood species such as <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">chilaune <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">and<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> katus<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that provide more heat when burned. Monitor flames consistently while drying cardamom pods and reshuffle the capsules to improve the moisture content.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>Knowledge<\/strong><br \/>\nUsing mobile phones, promote information on market prices and distribute weather and crop advisory services. Work in groups and cooperatives. Facilitate buyer-seller meetings and buy-back arrangements, and engage producers\u2019 groups in collective business enterprises.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Besides farm demonstrations, Himalica also focuses on issues of post-harvest processing, packaging, and providing more efficient paths to markets where these products can find a larger consumer base \u2013 this is important\u00a0as the price of large cardamoms has plunged almost threefold in the last three years, making it crucial for farmers to do the marketing, instead of selling to middlemen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Taplejung alone, more than 400 households have adopted some of the practices on display in these demonstration plots and are reporting positive returns on their investments. The approach can be replicated in any of the value chains throughout the Hindu Kush Himalayas and beyond. Individual practices can also be easily adapted and adopted by local communities in other areas. <\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This will be one of the topics under discussion next month at ICIMOD\u2019s upcoming conference \u2013 Resilient Hindu Kush Himalaya: Developing Solutions towards a Sustainable Future for Asia \u2013 in Kathmandu from December 3 to 6.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A combination of pests, deforestation and climate change had almost wiped out large cardamom, but natural fertilisers and mobile technology has helped its comeback<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2911,"featured_media":20023449,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761,763],"tags":[50029567,17827,20000022],"hashtags":[],"country":[20027489,20000111,20000113],"class_list":["post-20023448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-food","tag-agroforestry","tag-climate-adaptation","tag-himalayas","country-bhutan","country-india","country-nepal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Climate smart practices revive cardamom farming in eastern Himalayas | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A combination of pests, deforestation and climate change had almost wiped out large cardamom, but natural 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