{"id":20028204,"date":"2019-10-03T12:30:30","date_gmt":"2019-10-03T07:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=28204"},"modified":"2021-11-11T17:01:38","modified_gmt":"2021-11-11T11:31:38","slug":"can-cities-save-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-cities-save-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Can cities save the world?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

By 2050 about two-thirds of the human population \u2014 that is six out of the world\u2019s nine billion people \u2014 will be living in cities<\/a>. Given that 55% of people already live in cities, this should not come as a surprise. The only question is whether this urbanisation will be seen as a problem, or as an opportunity. For a few people, the future of the city may determine the success or failure of humanity\u2019s ability to deal with the climate crisis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cities occupy only 2% of land but they produce about 70% of global waste, emit nearly 70% of greenhouse emissions and consume more than 60 % of energy. While more and more infrastructure will be built in the coming decades \u2014 with about 75% of infrastructure that is expected to be in place by 2050 is yet to be built \u2014 there is ample opportunity to begin with the housing sector.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u201cWe don\u2019t need nudges and tweaks but transformation on a massive scale, starting immediately,\u201d says Aniruddha Dasgupta from the World Resources Institute<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even as one billion people live in informal settlements globally, the housing sector uses 40% of the planet\u2019s total resources and represents over one-third of total greenhouse emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSmall but efficient technology can change the whole urban settlement pattern. Sustainable design can provide decent affordable housing and control overuse of natural resources,\u201d said Anna Dyson, a professor at the Yale Centre for Ecosystems in Agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An example of innovation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Experts who gathered at Stanford University in California on the first week of September to discuss the planet\u2019s health urged policymakers to focus on cities as an opportunity to kick off action. Several innovations around housing are underway globally, with the tiny house<\/a> designed by the Yale Centre for Ecosystems in Architecture<\/a> serving as one example.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThese new innovations can be a model that would revolutionise the world\u2019s urban housing systems as the current housing systems consume so many resources. Measuring just about 22 square metres, this structure is a type of \u2018tiny house\u2019 which traditionally has one room with a loft or pull-out bed, complete with hidden storage, and condensed amenities, such as a kitchen, that maximises the space available to live in,\u201d said Dyson.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, the micro-farming wall provides vegetables the year-round by using natural daylight and plant-based air purification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This is just one of many innovative ideas that are being developed globally. This week, the Urban Opportunity <\/a>report released by Coalition for Urban Transitions<\/a> has said that it is possible to cut 90% of emissions from cities using currently available technologies and practices in buildings, transport, materials efficiency and waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cImplementing low-carbon measures in cities could support 87 million jobs by 2030 in sectors such as clean energy and public transport,\u201d the report said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Particularly in South Asia, cities are growing outward quite unlike the cities in North America, Europe and East Asia – a reality which requires more resources. These cities have fewer financial resources to manage their growth but are expected to hold more than 2 billion additional people by 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cAs we know that just three countries\u2014India, China and Nigeria\u2014are expected to account for 35 percent of the global urban population growth between 2018 and 2050. As these cities grow in population, continuing their unwieldy expansion outward could push them into crises as outward expansions are often challenged by distorted land markets, deficient services in growing areas and disjointed informal expansion,\u201d said Jilian Du at the World Resources Institute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is estimated that reduction of carbon emissions would require an investment of USD 1.8 trillion (approximately 2% of global GDP) per year, which would generate annual returns worth USD 2.8 trillion annually in 2030, and USD 7.0 trillion in 2050 based on cost savings alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMany of these low-carbon measures would pay for themselves in less than five years, including more efficient lighting, electric vehicles, improved freight logistics and improved solid waste management,\u201d added the report. About 70% of greenhouse gases emissions come from the cities and more than 60 % of energy consumed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Managing mobility and food<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While housing is a major issue, another is urban transportation. As most of the human population will be living in cities, urban mobility plays a key role. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions the most effective way is to network every moving object and use it as efficiently as possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cFrom Henry Ford to now, nothing much has changed in our urban mobility model. But in the age of the internet, every moving thing will be networked. Innovation to use it can make cities better and sustainable. So, mobility represents the third stage of the internet. The networked mobility will change urban transportation, so we need to enhance it. Uber is an example and much more is possible,\u201d said John Rossant, Founder and Chairman of New Cities<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What about food then? More agricultural lands will be converted to build cities and more will be used to feed humans in the cities. A study conducted by the UN\u2019s Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) in 2013 had estimated that total annual emissions from agriculture were about 14.5 % of all human emissions. The beef industry was responsible for 41% of this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBuilding from an FAO projection, we estimated that global demand for beef and other ruminant meats could grow by 88% between 2010 and 2050, putting enormous pressure on forests, biodiversity and the climate. Even after accounting for continued improvements in beef production efficiency, pastureland could still expand by roughly 400 million hectares, an area of land larger than the size of India, to meet growing demand,\u201d wrote<\/a> Richard Waite at the World Resources Institute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What if we consume more plants and less meat?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

One encouraging solution has come from Impossible Foods<\/a>\u2014a food company based in the United States, which is already producing \u2018meat\u2019 from plants and has plant-based fish on the cards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cUsing animals to make meat is a prehistoric and destructive technology. Animal agriculture occupies almost half the land on earth, consumes a quarter of our freshwater and destroys our ecosystems. So we\u2019re doing something about it: we\u2019re making meat using plants, so that we never have to use animals again. That way, we can eat all the meat we want, for as long as we want. And save the best planet in the known universe. Making previously thought impossible ideas possible can feed future cities sustainably,\u201d said Ranjani Varadan, Vice- President of Impossible Foods<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slums as an inspiration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Slums are a part of cities, but are always considered a problem by urban planners and policy makers, especially those in developing countries where megacities are in formation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While two-thirds of humanity will be living in cities, one third will be in slums. According to World Bank data, 130 million South Asians live in slums or informal settlements. From 2000 to 2011 the number of people in South Asian cities increased by 130 million \u2013 more than the entire population of Japan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSlums don\u2019t have to be a glitch, or a problem. They can be an asset. By considering urban living at the human scale, and from a bird\u2019s eye view, we can redesign slums as more liveable, lightweight and adaptive places. Places that are a better fit for the modern world; places in which a diverse group of citizens cannot just survive, but thrive,\u201d said Jonathan Hursh, Founder and Executive Producer at Utopia<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The world is changing. Tokyo, London and New York won\u2019t be megacities in the future. The ones growing rapidly are in Asia and Africa: Lagos in Nigeria with 88 million, Dhaka with 76 million, and Kinshasa with 63 million. The large slums in these cities should be taken as part of the solution rather than the problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCity leaders across Asia and Africa are looking for solutions for their cities. What if they found them in the most unlikely of places: their slums?\u201d he asked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe can build the slums as micro cities and declare them as special demonstration zones where they will become testbeds for more agile approaches to healthcare, governance, education, energy provision and every other aspect of city life. This is similar to the special economic zones which have become an innovation lab to test new technology and governance in several countries in Asia and Africa,\u201d added Hursh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By 2050 two thirds of the world\u2019s population will live in cities, and that infrastructure could be the key to managing the climate crisis, if we act now<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2194,"featured_media":20017239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[14713,20000237,597],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-20028204","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-cities","tag-sustainable-development","tag-technology"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCan cities save the world? | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"By 2050 two thirds of the world\u2019s population will live in cities, and that infrastructure could be the key to managing the climate crisis, if we act now\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-cities-save-the-world\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can cities save the world?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By 2050 two thirds of the world\u2019s population will live in cities, and that infrastructure could be the key to managing the climate crisis, if we act now\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-cities-save-the-world\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2019-10-03T07:00:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-11T11:31:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/PTI1_2_2016_000048a.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"620\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Omair Ahmad\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-cities-save-the-world\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-cities-save-the-world\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Omair Ahmad\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/9a848773a1a37281aebe783ad3fcd5b2\"},\"headline\":\"Can cities save the world?\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-10-03T07:00:30+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-11-11T11:31:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-cities-save-the-world\/\"},\"wordCount\":1357,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-cities-save-the-world\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2016\/01\/PTI1_2_2016_000048a.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Cities\",\"Sustainable development\",\"Technology\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Climate\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-cities-save-the-world\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-cities-save-the-world\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/can-cities-save-the-world\/\",\"name\":\"Can cities save the world? 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