{"id":20028621,"date":"2019-12-10T09:00:49","date_gmt":"2019-12-10T03:30:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=28621"},"modified":"2020-12-07T17:24:27","modified_gmt":"2020-12-07T11:54:27","slug":"india-offers-compromises-but-no-breakthrough-likely-at-climate-summit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/india-offers-compromises-but-no-breakthrough-likely-at-climate-summit\/","title":{"rendered":"India offers compromises but no breakthrough likely at climate summit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Despite efforts by dozens of ministers and thousands of bureaucrats, the December 2-13 UN climate summit in Madrid remains deadlocked over differences between developed and developing countries on the modalities of the carbon market \u2013 how rich nations will pay poor nations for green projects and who will take how much credit for that.<\/p>\n

However, almost all other elements of the 2015 Paris Climate Agreement have been sewn up, and the agreement will come into effect on schedule on January 1, 2020. As the second week of the Madrid summit began, delegates from both developed and developing countries decided that they were \u201cbetter off without a deal\u201d on the carbon market, especially if bickering over the details would hold up the Paris agreement overall.<\/p>\n

UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres is scheduled to arrive in Madrid on Wednesday in another effort to \u201cknock heads together\u201d, in the words of one official in the secretariat of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. \u201cEven if the carbon market cannot start in 2020, that is no reason for countries not to take stronger action on climate change,\u201d the official said. \u201cLook at what is happening around the world \u2013 the storms, floods, sea level rise, drought, everything worsened by climate change. All countries need to act, and to act now. If they cannot get money or credit for their actions now because the carbon market is not functioning, so be it. Governments need to act for the sake of their own people.\u201d<\/p>\n

While all governments agree on this general principle, developing countries are upset because developed countries have not fulfilled the commitments they had made for the pre-2020 period. \u201cIt is a question of trust,\u201d said a delegate of an African country. \u201cIf they have not kept the promises they made in the past, on what basis do we trust their promises now?\u201d<\/p>\n

Echoing this sentiment, Prakash Javadekar, India\u2019s Minister for Environment, Forests and Climate Change, said developed countries need to act on their climate commitments before there is any further talk on new targets to control greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n

At the same time, the minister reiterated his offer that developed countries could take two more years to keep their promises. Indian officials and experts also offered new ways to resolve the main deadlock in carbon market negotiations. The fresh efforts have not borne any fruit so far, because industrialised countries remain adamant in their refusal to let developing countries take forward their pre-2020 credits for green projects. Instead, the rich world wants a fresh start under the Paris agreement rules.<\/p>\n

See:<\/strong> Rich countries refuse to pay for green projects in poor nations<\/a><\/p>\n

\u201cWe should concentrate more on action\u2026 and not bring up new issues and new subjects,\u201d Javadekar said during a chat with journalists. With dioramas of Mahatma Gandhi in the backdrop of the plush India pavilion at the conference venue, the minister said, \u201cIndia is one of the top five countries in performing according to the Paris agreement.\u201d Rich countries also need to walk the talk, the minister said.<\/p>\n

The Paris agreement aims to keep global temperature rise to \u201cwell below\u201d two degrees Celsius compared to preindustrial times, and has an aspirational target of restraining warming to 1.5 degrees. Countries that are party to the agreement have agreed to voluntary emission reductions to achieve the global aim.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are walking the talk,\u201d Javadekar said. \u201cWe have reduced our energy intensity by 25% and we\u2019re sure that we\u2019ll outpace our promise of reducing it further to 35% by 2030.\u201d<\/p>\n

Many countries in the developed world are not on track to meet their nationally determined contributions (NDCs) to reduce emissions. Australia\u2019s emissions, for instance, are expected to far outpace its 2030 target<\/a> according to Climate Tracker, an independent watchdog. The United States, the world\u2019s second largest GHG emitter, has notified the United Nations on November 4 that it will withdraw from the Paris agreement, jeopardising international efforts to check runaway global warming.<\/p>\n

India, on the other hand, is expected to exceed its targets by emerging as a global leader in renewable energy. After adopting its National Electricity Plan (NEP) in 2018, the South Asian nation remains on track to \u201coverachieve its 2 degrees Celsius-compatible rated Paris Agreement climate action targets,\u201d according to Climate Tracker. \u201cWe\u2019ve promised 175 GW (capacity addition in renewable energy), and we have already achieved half of it,\u201d Javadekar said. \u201cWe\u2019ll install more by 2022.\u201d<\/p>\n

Emboldened by the rapid expansion, India\u2019s Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced on September 23 at the Climate Action Summit in New York that the country has set a new target of installing a total of 450 GW of renewable energy by 2030. \u201cIt\u2019s a huge programme of installing renewable energy anywhere in the world in one go,\u201d Javadekar said. \u201cWe are walking the talk on renewables also.\u201d<\/p>\n

While India\u2019s work has garnered praise, the NDCs are not enough to keep the world from exceeding the 1.5C benchmark. According to Climate Tracker<\/a>, India is not even going to achieve that. But it is among the least bad performers, with only two countries \u2013 Morocco and the Gambia, in line to meet the Paris Agreement benchmark. India is among the next set of countries, which includes Bhutan, Costa Rica, and others, who are all on track to development in line with a less than 2C rise in global temperatures. This knowledge that the world is off track in meeting these goals has led to renewed pressure by activists.<\/p>\n

India\u2019s environment minister was critical of attempts to introduce new ambitions and targets at the ongoing Madrid summit. \u201cFirst and foremost, India wants all other countries to follow the Paris pact,\u201d he said. \u201cIt\u2019ll be futile to talk of new targets, new ambitions and new programmers unless we implement our Paris commitments. India has worked hard in the last five years. Now the developed countries really need to take up their ambitious targets of pre-2020 action\u201d under the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement adopted on December 11, 1997. The protocol places mandatory emission reduction targets on wealthy nations.<\/p>\n

These are often referred to as pre-2020 targets. \u201cPre-2020 targets cannot be sidelined or cannot be forgotten and new themes introduced,\u201d Javadekar said.<\/p>\n

\u201cIf they (the developed countries) declare their targets of pre-2020 and that they need a few years to implement them, that can be adjusted,\u201d Javadekar said. \u2018But developed countries cannot shirk their commitments under the Kyoto Protocol.\u201d<\/p>\n

At the Madrid conference, there has been much talk by NGOs of raising emission reduction targets, referred to as \u201craising ambition.\u201d Javadekar said that such talk is premature. \u201cThe global stocktake (on the extent which emission reduction control has to be enhanced) is scheduled in 2023,\u201d he pointed out. \u201cAny talk of raising ambition by India can be taken up at that time.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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