{"id":20031419,"date":"2019-10-28T12:30:24","date_gmt":"2019-10-28T07:00:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=28350"},"modified":"2021-12-23T14:09:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-23T08:39:04","slug":"growing-opposition-to-dam-on-chenab-tributary","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/growing-opposition-to-dam-on-chenab-tributary\/","title":{"rendered":"Growing opposition to dam on Chenab tributary"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Until 2017, 28-year-old Sheikh Zafar was one among thousands of Kashmiri youths aspiring to make it through the qualifying exams for the Kashmir Administrative Services, the state level civil service. Then, one cold morning in December, he received a frantic phone call from a friend, informing him about the clearance given by India\u2019s Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change to construct a big dam in Marwah tehsil (sub-division) of Kishtwar district.<\/p>\n<p>The 800 MW <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/2018\/04\/30\/jk-bursar-dam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bursar hydroelectric power project<\/a> was originally approved in 2000 through an agreement signed between the then Jammu &amp; Kashmir government and India\u2019s Ministry of Power. It was planned on Marusudar, a tributary of the Chenab River.<\/p>\n<p>Chenab is one of the three western rivers of the transboundary Indus basin and under the 1960 India-Pakistan <a href=\"https:\/\/treaties.un.org\/doc\/Publication\/UNTs\/Volume%20419\/volume-419-I-6032-English.pdf\">Indus Waters Treaty<\/a>, its waters are reserved for Pakistan, though upstream India can build dams in the basin as long as it does not reduce the water flowing to Pakistan. The Indian government had ensured that the Bursar project would not violate the treaty. But while the international issues might have been taken care of, for people like Zafar, the nod given by the environment ministry meant an assault on the lives and livelihoods of the people living along the banks of the Marusudar.<\/p>\n<p>Within weeks, he decided \u2013 against the wishes of his parents \u2013 to discontinue his preparations for the civil services examination. He moved to Chinjer, a village\u00a0in Marwah, to make people aware people of the disadvantages of constructing such a dam.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_31133\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31133\" style=\"width: 1000px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31133 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/IMG_5744-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"727\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">It was a difficult decision for Sheikh Zafar to give up his preparations for the civil service, but the fear of what might happen to his home region was greater [image by: Raqib Naik]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\u201cIt was a very hard decision,\u201d recalls Zafar, one of the few from the neglected area who had been studied in Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh. \u201cBut I couldn\u2019t afford to let my people suffer and that gave me the strength to return.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Home to nearly 35,000 people, Marwah is one of the remotest parts of Jammu &amp; Kashmir. Tarred roads, mobile connectivity, electricity connections or other basic amenities are luxuries. Horses and ponies remain the primary mode of transport; with candles and kerosene lamps the primary sources of lighting.<\/p>\n<p>There had been some protests against the dam construction plan before 2018 \u2013 organised by the elders in a few villages. After Zafar\u2019s arrival in early 2018, the anti-dam sentiment gained momentum.<\/p>\n<p>He launched Marwah Bachao Tehreek (Save Marwah Movement). It brought men, women and children to a single platform with a common aim to resist the construction of the Bursar dam.<\/p>\n<p><figure id=\"attachment_31131\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-31131\" style=\"width: 1020px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-31131 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/Bursar_Dam_Protest_Raqib_Hameed_Naik_28Oct2019-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1020\" height=\"680\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-31131\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Locals protest the construction of Bursar dam [image by: Raqib Hameed Naik]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\u201cMost of the people in our villages are illiterate,\u201d says Zafar. \u201cAnd to elicit their support it was necessary to make them aware of the problems associated with constructing dams. This was a daunting task.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u2018Question of our existence\u2019<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zafar started by studying problems associated with constructing hydroelectric projects, in India and abroad. He saw displacement of residents by the projects as the biggest issue. \u201cIt results in poverty and a debt trap and is a direct attack on the existence of the people.\u201d To him, this is especially true of people living along the Marusudar, as most of them are farmers who will not know what to do once they lose their farms.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe majority of those who live in Marwah are farmers. Once you snatch their houses and lands, what are they expected to do? Starve to death at home? And this cycle of poverty as a result of dam induced displacement will also consume the coming generations.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The government\u2019s <a href=\"http:\/\/www.environmentclearance.nic.in\/writereaddata\/EIA\/03102017R7W72FZSEIAEMPBURSARPROJECT.pdf\">Environmental Impact Assessment<\/a>\u00a0(EIA) of the Bursar dam estimates that 336 families in seven villages will be displaced altogether, and 1,052 families will be affected overall. It also points out that 1,095 homes, schools, shops, cattle sheds and mosques will be dismantled.<\/p>\n<p>Civil society estimates are higher. Zafar estimates that over 10,000 people (approximately 2,000 families) in 20 villages will be displaced.<\/p>\n<p>The National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC), the project developer, has an INR 2.11 billion (USD 29.8 Million) rehabilitation and resettlement plan including community- and local area development, but Zafar and his associates are not interested. \u201cOur resistance is not for getting a better deal or a good compensation but to force the government to drop its plans to construct the dam altogether,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>The dam also poses a grave threat to the rich flora and fauna of the region including the <a href=\"https:\/\/kishtwar.nic.in\/tourist-place\/kishtwar-national-park\/\">Kishtwar High Altitude National Park<\/a> (KHANP). The construction of the dam will lead to cutting of more than a million trees, Zafar alleged.<\/p>\n<p>The project will need 1,779.33 hectares of farms and forests, according to the EIA report, which points out that the removal of vegetation and trees will have a \u201ca negative, direct and permanent impact\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><strong>A continuing struggle<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Save Marwah Movement has held over 100 protests and hunger strikes over the last two years, both in Marwah and outside the Deputy Commissioner\u2019s office at district headquarters Kishtwar.<\/p>\n<p>In April 2018, Zafar and over two dozen other youths held a relay hunger strike for nearly two months. It was\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.business-standard.com\/article\/pti-stories\/strike-against-bursar-hep-called-off-by-marwah-residents-in-jk-118052700605_1.html\">called off<\/a> after the then Jammu &amp; Kashmir Minister for Power Development Sunil Kumar Sharma visited the area with officials and offered help to resolve the grievances of residents.<\/p>\n<p>A few months later, Zafar and a group of local elders went to New Delhi to meet R.K. Singh, the Union Power Minister. They submitted a memorandum that sought an assurance from the government to put a permanent halt to the construction of the dam. \u201cI told him clearly that Marwah needs government intervention to meet basic amenities, not dams that threaten our very existence,\u201d Zafar recalled.<\/p>\n<p>A year after that meeting in New Delhi, nothing has changed except growth in the resentment against the Bursar dam. Zafar now plans to reach out to political leaders across party lines, social activists, civil society groups and anti-dam activists from all over India.<\/p>\n<p>The situation has become more complicated after August 5, when the Indian government rescinded the special status granted to Jammu &amp; Kashmir and turned it from a state into a union territory, with many more powers vested in New Delhi. Since then, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.livemint.com\/politics\/news\/article-370-scrapped-govt-to-expedite-hydel-projects-in-jammu-and-kashmir-1565117518688.html\">reports suggest<\/a>\u00a0that the government is quickening the pace of work on various hydroelectric projects, including the Bursar dam.<\/p>\n<p>But Zafar is resolute in his anti-dam stand. \u201cI am ready to fight till the end.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Kishtwar, a remote region of Kashmir, the Save Marwah Movement stiffens struggle against building of Bursar dam<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000114,"featured_media":20028352,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[502,523,554],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20031419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-activism","tag-conservation","tag-hydropower","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Growing opposition to dam on Chenab tributary | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In Kishtwar, a remote region of Kashmir, the Save Marwah Movement stiffens struggle against building of Bursar dam\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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