{"id":20031930,"date":"2020-02-26T13:18:16","date_gmt":"2020-02-26T07:48:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=31930"},"modified":"2020-12-02T23:23:25","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T17:53:25","slug":"protecting-pangolins","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/protecting-pangolins\/","title":{"rendered":"Protecting pangolins by building statues?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

When Bidya Sundar Shakya, the mayor of Nepal’s capital Kathmandu, visited the pangolin park in the neighbouring city of Hetauda recently, he had a question. \u201cYou told me this is a pangolin park, but where are the pangolins?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Officials from the Chuchchekhola Community Forest Users\u2019 Group — which manages the park — could not show him one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shakya is not the only visitor asking the question at the park, established two years ago as part of the \u2018world\u2019s first\u2019 community-managed pangolin conservation area. The pangolin \u2013 the world\u2019s most trafficked animal \u2013 is a shy creature that lives by eating ants, and is largely nocturnal. It is killed and trafficked mostly because its scales are used in traditional Chinese medicine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe were lucky that when the chief minister of the province was here, we could show him what a pangolin looks like,\u201d said Arjun Dhakal, chairman of the forest user’s group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe need to have infrastructure to attract tourists. Why would anyone want to come to a park without infrastructure?\u201d <\/blockquote>Kedar Gautam<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Arjun
Arjun Dhakal, chairman of the Chuchchekhola Community Forest Users\u2019 Group [image by: Abhaya Raj Joshi]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

For the rest of the visitors who ask the same question, the group has installed two statues of the nocturnal animal at the park \u2014 one each to represent the two species (the Chinese and the Indian) of the animal found in Nepal.<\/p>\n

But looking at the picnic sheds, \u2018selfie statues\u2019 and concrete paths built as attractions for the park spread over five hectares, it does not take visitors time to understand that they are overcompensating for not being able to show the creatures themselves, the way that the Chitwan and Bardiya parks showcase their tigers and rhinos.<\/p>\n

The construction spree at the park could cause irreversible damage to the natural habitat, experts warn, but the park needs to attract visitors, its staff said.<\/p>\n

\"Statue
The Chinese pangolin is the most common species of the endangered animal found in Nepal [image by: Abhaya Raj Joshi]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201cWe need to have infrastructure to attract tourists. Why would anyone want to come to a park without infrastructure?\u201d said Kedar Gautam, who works at the park. \u201cThat\u2019s why we are planning to build a concrete welcome gate which is going to cost us around NPR 2 million (USD 17,000), which is being provided by the provincial tourism ministry. The gate will have a man and a woman clad in Nepali attire, shouldering a map of Nepal. Wouldn\u2019t that look wonderful?\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cWe are also planning to build an overhead bridge to connect the park with the forest, where we plan to build a trail,\u201d said Dhakal, his voice struggling against the loud music of the picnickers nearby. \u201cWe also want to build a swimming pool and a watch tower from which you can see the whole of Hetauda city.\u201d<\/p>\n

Rescuing the endangered mammal<\/strong><\/p>\n

Much of the current attention comes from the success that the initiative has had. It all began on World Pangolin Day 2018, when the Chuchchekhola Community Forest User Group established the \u2018world\u2019s first\u2019 community-managed pangolin conservation area in its forest. It is close to the Chitwan and Parsa national parks, and spread over 238 hectares of land. Support is provided by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, National Trust for Nature Conservation, Himalayan Nature and Mithila Wildlife Trust.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe found that tonnes of pangolin scales were being confiscated by the police every year, and we wanted to do something to conserve this animal,\u201d said zoologist Hem Sagar Baral, the Nepal representative of ZSL.<\/p>\n

\"map
Source: Nepal Ministry of Forests and Environment, 2018<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

A 2016 survey conducted by the Ministry of Forest and Soil Conservation confirmed that pangolins, known for their shy nature, were found in 44 of Nepal\u2019s 77 districts. Most of these were Chinese pangolins, one of the eight species of the animal. According to the survey, their known habitat extends from the tropical Terai (lowland plains areas in Nepal) to the temperate hills, rising up to 3,000 metres above sea level, in eastern Nepal.<\/p>\n

Many dangers<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cWe saw that intense competition for food was driving out their population from protected areas. We also know that these nocturnal animals like to live on south-facing slopes with plenty of sunshine, just like humans do,\u201d said Baral. This meant that a sizable population lives outside protected areas, where they face poaching and disappearance of forests due to construction of roads and development of hydropower plants.<\/p>\n

In addition to that, many people don\u2019t know about pangolins and why they need to conserved. So, they are killed because some people think they look scary, said Baral. Human-pangolin conflict has been reported from the middle hills of Nepal, particularly on terraced agricultural land. Some people claim that pangolin burrows interfere with crop production, degrade the terraces and cause landslides. There is little evidence of this. Much of the anti-pangolin prejudice is due to the local superstition that it is bad luck to see a pangolin.<\/p>\n

\"pangolin
Often the only sign of the shy mammal is that of its burrow [image by: Abhaya Raj Joshi]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Then there are those who kill them for their meat and sell their scales to middlemen who smuggle out the scales, mostly to China. Excessive use of pesticides is also believed to have affected the species. According to reports, these scaly ant eaters may have become extinct in districts such as Bhaktapur, Kavrepalanchowk and Sindhupalchowk where they were previously recorded.<\/p>\n

\u201cWe then tried to come up with a plan to conserve the animal outside the national parks. We thought of working with the community to conserve the critically endangered species,\u201d said Baral. That\u2019s how the pangolin park idea was born.<\/p>\n

Making links with the community<\/strong><\/p>\n

Chuchchekhola was declared a community-managed pangolin conservation area. The local community established the park, organised awareness programmes, established community- based anti-poaching units and set up women\u2019s groups to promote alternative livelihoods to ex-poachers. The group even started collaborating with neighbouring community forest user groups to protect pangolins.<\/p>\n

The results could be seen after a few months. \u201cWe believed that the Rani Community Forest had more pangolins than in Chuchchekhola, but we started seeing more burrows in Chuchchekhola than in Rani,\u201d said Baral. \u201cPeople started coming from all over Nepal and abroad to see what we\u2019ve done,\u201d said Dhakal.<\/p>\n

\u201cFollowing the awareness campaigns in villages and schools, people who used to eat pangolin meat have started bringing the animal to the park when they find them on their farmland,\u201d said Kalpana Parajuli, the vice-chair of the group. \u201cThe anti-poaching unit monitors the forests regularly and entry for outsiders has been restricted.\u201d Parajuli recently opened a shop with money provided by the group under the alternative livelihood programme.<\/p>\n

Chuchchekhola\u2019s achievements have not gone unnoticed. Students from across the country now go there to study pangolins. Agencies from the federal, provincial and local governments provide grants on a regular basis. \u201cThe challenge now is to refrain from causing irreversible damage in the name of development,\u201d said Hem Sagar Baral. \u201cWe have suggested that the community forest set a ceiling on the area that can be used to build structures.\u201d<\/p>\n

But the community may not have a choice. \u201cThe central government believes that tourism is a matter of attracting large numbers \u2014 the more the better,\u201d said Dhakal. \u201cThat\u2019s true in our case also. We need more people to come and visit the park so that the world sees what we\u2019ve done. And that\u2019s not possible without building the swimming pools and watch towers.\u201d<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, the community is also trying to exhibit a live pangolin at the park so that visitors don\u2019t ask the dreaded question any more. But as pangolins have not survived beyond eight months in captivity in Nepal, they may have to keep depending on statues instead.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In the world\u2019s first community-managed pangolin-protected area, Nepali villagers face the challenge of conservation while attracting enough tourists to make the money they need<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000200,"featured_media":20038297,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[511,537,539,610],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000113],"class_list":["post-20031930","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-biodiversity","tag-ecosystems","tag-endangered-species","tag-wildlife","country-nepal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nProtecting pangolins by building statues? | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the world\u2019s first community-managed pangolin-protected area, Nepali villagers face the challenge of conservation while attracting enough tourists to make the money they need\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/protecting-pangolins\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Protecting pangolins by building statues?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the world\u2019s first community-managed pangolin-protected area, Nepali villagers face the challenge of conservation while attracting enough tourists to make the money they need\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/protecting-pangolins\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-02-26T07:48:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-12-02T17:53:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/golden-pangolin-statu-scaled.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2560\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1707\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Ramesh Bhushal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@RameshBhushal\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/protecting-pangolins\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/protecting-pangolins\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Ramesh Bhushal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/3e78417e6352788bd42af871c90b3bfd\"},\"headline\":\"Protecting pangolins by building statues?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-26T07:48:16+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-12-02T17:53:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/protecting-pangolins\/\"},\"wordCount\":1338,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/protecting-pangolins\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/golden-pangolin-statu-scaled.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biodiversity\",\"Ecosystems\",\"Endangered species\",\"Wildlife\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Nature\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/protecting-pangolins\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/protecting-pangolins\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/protecting-pangolins\/\",\"name\":\"Protecting pangolins by building statues? 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