{"id":20032525,"date":"2020-03-24T13:24:53","date_gmt":"2020-03-24T07:54:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=32525"},"modified":"2020-12-02T22:59:35","modified_gmt":"2020-12-02T17:29:35","slug":"hydro-projects-flout-rules-to-maintain-minimum-ganga-flow","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/hydro-projects-flout-rules-to-maintain-minimum-ganga-flow\/","title":{"rendered":"Hydro projects flout rules to maintain minimum Ganga flow"},"content":{"rendered":"

At least four hydropower projects have failed to comply with new government requirements to maintain a minimum flow of water in the upper Ganga river basin, according to status report<\/a> published in January by the Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, and the Upper Ganga Basin Organization under the Central Water Commission.<\/p>\n

In October, 2018, the Ministry of Water Resources (MoWR) took an important step and set minimum environmental flows to be maintained by irrigation, hydropower and industrial projects operating in the upper Ganga basin between the glaciers at the source of the river and Haridwar, and the main stem of the Ganga up to Unnao in Uttar Pradesh.<\/p>\n

\"map
Map depicting key projects in the Upper Ganga [image from 2020 report by: DoWR, RD & GR]<\/figcaption><\/figure>Environment flows<\/a> (also known as e-flows) set the minimum water flow needed to sustain healthy rivers and ecosystems. This is essential along the Ganga, where sections of the river now runs dry for part of the year due to widespread dam building and diversions, and what water remains is highly polluted.<\/p>\n

See: <\/strong>No water for a clean Ganga<\/a><\/p>\n

But experts say that the government standards for e-flows are too low to ensure healthy river system and have raised serious concerns over the transparency and accuracy of data collection and monitoring.<\/p>\n

Black listed projects<\/strong><\/p>\n

The 2020 report<\/a> states that the Maneri Bhali Phase-II hydropower project, the Vishnuprayag and Srinagar hydro-electric projects as well as the Pashulok barrage in Uttarakhand state failed to meet the 15 December, 2019, deadline \u2013 which had been pushed back from October 2021.<\/p>\n

t<\/a>hethirdpole.net<\/a> filed a Right To Information request to obtain the report from the Central Water Commission, the designated custodian of the data, but was told the information was not available. We later found the report via google search techniques, such as using the report notification number.<\/p>\n

\"Graph<\/p>\n

\"graph<\/p>\n

\"Graph<\/p>\n

\"Graph
[\u00a0Source: 2020 report by: DoWR, RD & GR]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\u201cIt is concerning that these projects haven\u2019t met environmental flow norms especially considering that the period [in question] is post-monsoon,\u201d said Shripad Dharmadhikary, founder of Manthan Adhyayan Kendra<\/a>, a research centre that analyses water and energy issues in India. This failure in compliance is all the more concerning given that maintaining minimum e-flows during the current quarter ( i.e. Jan-March) is all the more challenging given that flow in this quarter will be much lower until snow melt after April contributes a significant amount of water to the river.<\/p>\n

In addition to the four projects that have been categorised as \u201cnon-compliant\u201d, the report states that the Maneri Bhali Phase-I project also failed to maintain minimum e-flows for a few days in October, 2019, and that Tehri and Kanpur barrage are not providing data on the mandated hourly basis. When there are gaps like this, \u201chow can you conclude that these projects are compliant?\u201d said Himanshu Thakkar, coordinator of the South Asia Network on Dams, Rivers and People<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Murky data <\/strong><\/p>\n

The report also points out that only four of the 11 projects being monitored have installed automatic data systems to monitor e-flows. The original notification<\/a> clearly stated that \u201cthe concerned project developers or authorities will have to install automatic data acquisition and data transmission facilities at appropriate locations at project sites within six months.\u201d And so, this too is a lapse.<\/p>\n

Further doubts have arisen over compliance because there has been no independent verification of water flow. The status report is entirely based on a self-reporting mechanism.<\/p>\n

There are also concerns over factual errors in the report, which throw the findings further into doubt. Pointing to a description of \u201cGanga physiography\u201d provided in the report, Thakkar noted that parts of Jharkhand and Chattisgarh also fall within the Ganga basin but the report only mentions Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, West Bengal, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi. \u201cAlso, the map [image above] shows Koteshwar [dam] as being upstream of Tehri but Koteshwar is downstream of Tehri,\u201d Thakkar said. \u201cThese are glaring mistakes,\u201d he added.<\/p>\n

Government standards far too low<\/strong><\/p>\n

E-flow requirements are important because they mandate that rivers need a minimum flow \u2013 after water withdrawal for urban, agricultural and industrial purposes \u2013 to support river ecosystems and aquatic life.<\/p>\n

One of the basic tenets behind this is that rivers are not mere water pipes but living ecosystems that carry silt and other important nutrients \u2013 as well as supporting aquatic life. Jagdish Krishnaswamy, senior fellow at the Suri Sehgal Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation, Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment, said that because the flow of the Ganga into the Bay of Bengal has reduced over the last few decades \u201csediment deposition in the delta has declined and this – combined with other impacts of climate change – is leading to the sinking of the delta<\/a>.\u201d<\/p>\n

And so, establishing minimum water flows are a legal fix to restoring ecological balance.<\/p>\n

Seeing the bigger picture<\/strong><\/p>\n

But what\u2019s lacking in current government policy is a focus on the larger ecological importance of rivers. \u201cE-flow is not a reference only to water\u2026it means everything that flows in rivers like silt, nutrients, biota,\u201d Thakkar explained. E-flow norms, therefore, ought to address the larger goals of e-flow, which are to maintain healthy river systems for humans and ecosystems.<\/p>\n

Experts have also raised questions about whether the minimum standards are based on scientific assessments. \u201cThe notification does not mention how the norms were calculated\u2026 there\u2019s no transparency,\u201d Thakkar said. Dharmadhikary pointed out that \u201ca thumb rule\u201d rather than location and river-specific studies was used as the basis for determining e-flow norms. And, given the lack of evidence to suggest otherwise, the norms seem arbitrary.<\/p>\n

Current standards \u201care so low on the main stem of the Ganga that there was never any doubt\u201d that projects would achieve compliance, said Dharmadhikary.<\/p>\n

What about other parts of the Ganga and rivers in India?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Environmentalists are calling for e-flow regulations to be extended to the rest of the Ganga and other rivers in India.\u00a0 \u201cYou should keep in mind that this is only one stretch of the Ganga,\u201d Thakkar said, noting that this effectively means that we do not know about e-flow on the remaining sections of the Ganga downstream or other tributaries.<\/p>\n

Minimum e-flow norms have also not been mandated for rivers in peninsular India, where many of these rivers are drying up before they reach the sea.<\/p>\n

\u201cFor many years, the waters of the Kaveri [flowing through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu in southern India] don\u2019t reach the sea anymore,\u201d said K. J. Joy, member of the steering committee for the Forum for Policy Dialogue on Water Conflicts in India<\/a>. \u201cThe Kaveri is an over-allocated river and e-flow is treated as residual,\u201d he added, noting that currently, less than 1% of the Kaveri\u2019s water is being allocated towards e-flow.<\/p>\n

Raj Bhagat Palanichamy, a GIS and remote sensing analyst with World Resources Institute, India, said that rivers like Palar and Ponnaiyar in Tamil Nadu flow only if there is heavy rainfall. \u201cIn fact, a small section of the Ponnaiyar river flows only because of sewage inflow from Bangalore.\u201d The Sabarmati, one of India\u2019s major-west flowing rivers flowing through Rajasthan and Gujarat, also dries up before reaching the sea at some points during the year, Palanichamy said.<\/p>\n

And while India\u2019s 2012 National Water Policy<\/a> states that \u201ca portion of river flows should be kept aside to meet ecological needs,\u201d there are no specific guidelines regarding what such minimum flow should be along the country\u2019s various riverine ecosystems.<\/p>\n

Transparency concerns <\/strong><\/p>\n

The lack of transparency over how environmental flow standards are being set and monitored along this stretch of the Ganga does not bode well for the future of India\u2019s rivers. \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

As well as not providing access to the status report, the CWC and the MoWR did not respond to questions regarding the various issues with the status report, the mandated norms and the need for mandated e-flow requirements for other sections of the Ganga and other rivers in the country.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As a new government status report is published it has become increasingly clear that the minimum environmental flow mandated is too little, and even that is not being lived up to <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2194,"featured_media":20032538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[537,50040328,607],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20032525","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-ecosystems","tag-water-quality","tag-water-scarcity","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHydro projects flout rules to maintain minimum Ganga flow | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As a new government status report is published it has become increasingly clear that the minimum environmental flow mandated is too little, and even that is not being lived 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