{"id":20033550,"date":"2020-05-20T12:30:13","date_gmt":"2020-05-20T07:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=33550"},"modified":"2021-09-17T22:37:06","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T17:07:06","slug":"honeybee-colonies-provide-assam-villagers-with-a-sustainable-crop","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/honeybee-colonies-provide-assam-villagers-with-a-sustainable-crop\/","title":{"rendered":"Honeybee colonies prove win-win for Assam farmers, beekeepers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

More than 100 households in the northern Assam hamlet of Xandohkhuwa have boosted their incomes from beekeeping. Even farmers who do not keep bees have benefitted as the bees\u2019 activities have increased the fertility of the neighbourhood\u2019s crops and fruit trees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Get the whole picture<\/p>

This is one in a series of articles exploring how people are adapting to a changing climate in the Brahmaputra river basin. You can view the whole series here<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cProduction of foods such as mustard, coconuts, areca nuts, litchis and mangoes is increasing in the village due to the presence of bees,\u201d says Nitul Bhuyan, who introduced beekeeping, or apiculture, to the Lakhimpur district some 12 years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt is making people aware of the importance of bees,\u201d he adds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bees and other insect pollinators are vital for human life, fertilising close to 75% of the world\u2019s food crops, according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"honeybee<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Threat to honeybee survival<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The role of honeybees and other insects is not limited to agriculture, food security and nutrition. Without them, wild plants and the ecosystems that make the planet habitable would collapse, the FAO says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yet it has found about 40% of the roughly 30,000 species of invertebrate pollinator species are facing extinction due to pesticides, shifts in land-use and climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Managed honeybee populations have fallen dramatically in many parts of the world \u2013 This \u201cunsustainable\u201d level of annual losses has become routine there, and is still rising, as Scott McArt told ABC News<\/a>. In parts of China, farmers have had to climb ladders to hand-pollinate fruit trees.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2000, the UN Convention on Biological Diversity set up the International Pollinator Initiative<\/a> (IPI), seeking to protect and conserve bees to ensure a sustainable future<\/a> for agriculture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It was not easy for Bhuyan to convince his fellow-villagers to keep bees because of superstitious beliefs associated with them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obstacles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople used to associate bees with devtas <\/em>(gods), and were hesitant to rear them in their homes,\u201d Bhuyan says. He worked hard to explain \u201cthe benefits of bees for the environment and us humans.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Slowly the word spread and now there are 800 hives spread among a sixth of the village\u2019s 600 households.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bhuyan, 38, now supports his family of six solely on beekeeping, through honey sales from his own bees (he has 340 hives), building hives and running apiculture workshops to train others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"\/<\/div>
Nitul Bhuyan\u2019s children [image by: Kasturi Das]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

He fell into beekeeping accidentally, after taking home a wild hive that he found while cutting down a tree. The bees died. In that time, however, he had sought help from Assam Agricultural University\u2019s Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), where he learned how to keep managed honeybee colonies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

His first yield was only half a kilogram of honey. This year the villagers expect to harvest at least 1,000 kilograms (or 10 quintals) of honey. Honey sells for around 400 rupees a kilogram (USD 5.2), so the village yield brings in cash income totalling Rs 400,000 (USD 5,200).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Expanding training<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bhuyan often runs apiculture workshops in nearby districts like Silapathar and Dhemaji, training people new to keeping bees, and acting as a resource for RARS\u2019 outreach work. His practical sessions explain the intricacies of the topic in detailed yet simple terms that draw on his knowledge of the villagers\u2019 routines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Newly-made, empty bee boxes are stacked on the veranda of his home. \u201cThe best wood to make bee boxes with is outenga<\/em> wood. We also use wood from jackfruit trees. But it isn\u2019t suitable for use during the monsoons, as bees refuse to stay in jackfruit wood boxes during the rains,\u201d Bhuyan says. \u201cWe also use wood from mango, neem and simolu <\/em>(silk cotton) trees which are available in the village.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bhuyan only sells hives to people who know what they are doing: \u201cWe offer to train people who have no experience in beekeeping.\u201d Basic start-up costs for a hive containing bees are Rs 2,500 (USD 33), and Rs 1,500 for empty hive boxes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Spreading the benefits<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Last winter, Bhuyan and his fellow beekeepers loaned their bees to local farmers to increase the mustard crop. They moved nearly 100 beehives from their homes to nearby mustard fields during December and January, the peak flowering season, spreading them across 100 bighas <\/em>(approximately 50 acres).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mustard flowers cannot self-pollinate and need the help of insects to carry pollen between different flowers. \u201cMustard is a cross-pollinated crop and cross-pollination does not occur naturally. So this is where the bees come in. It has been established that there has been an increase in crop production by almost 30%, \u201d explained Prabal Saikia, Chief Scientist at RARS-AAU, who is involved with the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"honeybee<\/div>
A beehive among mustard flowers [image by: Kasturi Das]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Over-wintering bees in mustard fields help to increase the annual honey crop, as well as aiding farmers who lack their own bees. In mid-winter, there are few flowers near the beekeepers\u2019 houses for bees to feed on so fertilising the mustard crop helps everyone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Saikia said rearing bees has also promoted increased fruit crop production near the beekeepers’ own homes during the rest of the year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe majority of the households in rural Assam are blessed with ample fruit and flower plantations,\u201d Saikia said. Northern Assam is an overwhelmingly rural area with plentiful wild flowers and fruit and little pollution, well suited to bee-keeping.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The crop\u2019s convenience has enabled villagers to maintain continuous production during the national lockdown due to Covid-19, he added.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

On World Bee Day, a look at how bee-keeping benefits everyone<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2911,"featured_media":20033556,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[546,50040749,20000237],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20033550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-food-security","tag-livelihoods","tag-sustainable-development","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHoneybee colonies prove win-win for Assam farmers, beekeepers |<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Even farmers who do not keep honeybees have benefitted as the bees\u2019 activities have increased the fertility of nearby crops and trees.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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