{"id":20035588,"date":"2020-07-20T12:30:47","date_gmt":"2020-07-20T07:00:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=35588"},"modified":"2021-09-17T22:30:04","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T17:00:04","slug":"assam-farmers-hope-to-cash-in-on-black-rice-superfood","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/food\/assam-farmers-hope-to-cash-in-on-black-rice-superfood\/","title":{"rendered":"Assam farmers hope to cash in on black rice superfood"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Taj Hazarika, a farmer from Upper Assam\u2019s Golaghat district, discovered black rice on the internet in 2017. Many people had commented on how the rice was being cultivated in Assam and its health benefits. Hazarika set off to Assam Agricultural University (AAU) in the neighbouring district of Jorhat and got two kilogrammes of seeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The first year, he produced five kg of rice. He shared some and cooked the rest at home. This year, he is preparing to grow the rice on two hectares of his 12-hectare farm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Get the whole picture<\/p>

This is one in a series of articles exploring how people are adapting to a changing climate in the Brahmaputra river basin. You can view the whole series\u00a0here<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Hundreds of farmers of Assam are taking up cultivation of\u00a0black\u00a0rice,\u00a0attracted by its beneficial properties and higher profit margins.\u00a0The variety, with its high nutritional value, has become a popular superfood. Black rice is also better than other varieties at withstanding floods and droughts. This means it could help rice farmers adapt<\/a> to more erratic weather in Assam, the Himalayan state<\/a> highly vulnerable to climate change impacts.<\/p>\n

But farmers complain that lack of support from the Indian government means they can\u2019t exploit the potential market opportunities of this exotic\u00a0rice.<\/p>\n

See:<\/strong> Honeybee colonies prove win-win for Assam farmers, beekeepers<\/a><\/p>\n

What is\u00a0black\u00a0rice?<\/h2>\n

Prized globally for its high level of antioxidants,\u00a0black\u00a0rice\u00a0was known as \u201cforbidden\u00a0rice\u201d\u00a0in ancient China. It was reserved for the emperor and given in tributes.<\/p>\n

The rice contains anthocyanin, an antioxidant that gives it its colour. It grows in various parts of Asia.<\/p>\n

In Assam, farmers grow more than 300 varieties of rice, nourished by the Brahmaputra and Barak river systems. Rupankar Bhagwati, the principal scientist at the Regional Rainfed Lowland Rice Research Station (RRLRRS) in Gerua near the city of Guwahati, said the black rice varieties grown in Assam came from Southeast Asia via the state of Manipur.<\/p>\n

Sanjay Chetia, principal scientist at AAU, agreed.<\/p>\n

“There are several black rice, or cha-khao, variants in Manipur,” said Chetia. Cha-khao, which means \u201cdelicious rice\u201d in the language Meitei Lon, is a key ingredient in puddings and community feasts. Recently, it has also been used in the preparation of other snacks including doughnuts.<\/p>\n

\"black
2BWFRC8 Black rice is cooked and mixed. Close-up. Selective Focus<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

There are many types of black rice in Assam, but a cha-khao variety now referred to as Upen is most popular. It is this variety that has made its way to Goalpara, the western Assam town now known for black rice. The thick grain has a distinct aroma perfect for porridge and puddings.<\/p>\n

The rice is a slow-growing, traditional variety with a relatively lower yield. It is a tall plant, which makes it resilient to moderate flooding. But this has its drawbacks. \u201cThe plant is susceptible to falling due to its weight closer to the harvest time, decreasing the yield,\u201d said Surendra Ghritlahre, a scientist who used to work at RRLRRS.<\/p>\n

Assam\u2019s\u00a0black\u00a0rice\u00a0journey<\/h2>\n

Upen Rabha is a farmer in Amguripara, a village in the Goalpara district. In 2011, he received one kg of black rice seeds from a scientist. “One grain germinated and I sowed it in my paddy field,” said Rabha. The following year, he had 150 gm of seeds from this plant.<\/p>\n

As his black rice produce grew, Rabha gathered other farmers together and formed the Amguripara Black Rice Producers Society (ABRPS). It now has 50 members. “Another 500 farmers across the state have an understanding with us [that] they have to sell paddy or rice to ABRPS,\u201d Rabha said.<\/p>\n

S Bishnu, a member of the Bodo tribe in Baksa district on the Bhutan border, is one of these farmers. He got seeds from Rabha in 2016. “Every year I sell the paddy to Rabha. I get INR 1,200 [USD 16] for every 40 kg,” he said.<\/p>\n

In 2019, Rabha procured 2,000 tonnes of black rice paddy.<\/p>\n

“Depending on the quality, [farmers sell] 40 kg of paddy for INR 1,300,” Rabha said. One kg of rice could fetch around INR 100 in the market. Rabha said that other local varieties would fetch only half this.<\/p>\n

Rabha grows\u00a0black\u00a0rice\u00a0on half of his farm. He gets a yield of around 2.3 tonnes per hectare, compared with 3.75-6 tonnes per hectare for other rice varieties. The higher market price makes up for the smaller yield.<\/p>\n

\u201cIt is a medicinal\u00a0rice. The demand is mostly from outside Assam. The five-star hotels buy it,\u201d said Rabha. \u201cI still cultivate the other varieties because we don\u2019t eat\u00a0black\u00a0rice\u00a0every day.\u201d<\/p>\n

Small profits, big lure<\/h2>\n

The society makes a small profit by selling the rice.<\/p>\n

This goes towards buying equipment or helping farmers learn new techniques<\/a>. “We have bought a tractor and a power tiller and constructed a small godown [warehouse],” Rabha said.<\/p>\n

This year, farmers connected to Rabha plan to grow black rice in 270 hectares. Government schemes are promoting the crop. \u201c750 quintals [about 75 tonnes] of black rice seeds are being given to farmers in four districts of Cachar, Goalpara, Golaghat and Kamrup. We are promoting traditional varieties this year,” said S.N. Talukdar, a sub-divisional officer at the Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana<\/a> scheme to develop the agricultural sector.<\/p>\n

See: <\/strong>Youth drive revival of traditional rice varieties in West Bengal<\/a><\/p>\n

Officials at Assam\u2019s agriculture department have no concrete figures, but said hundreds of farmers are taking up cultivation. “Black rice has picked up in the past three to four years,” said Tiranga Bharti, the district agriculture officer of Dhemaji in eastern Assam.<\/p>\n

Chetia said that the AUU estimates that black rice is grown on about 1,000 hectares in Assam.<\/p>\n

See:<\/strong> Rice and reason: Indus and the world affect each other<\/a><\/p>\n

Hazarika and Bishnu confirmed other farmers in Golaghat and Baksa are also experimenting. \u201cIn my village, two or three farmers have started to grow\u00a0black\u00a0rice\u00a0recently for their own consumption,\u201d Hazarika said.<\/p>\n

Black\u00a0rice\u00a0has become part of Assamese festivals. \u201cWe eat it on Bihu. We make pitha [rice\u00a0cake] with it,\u201d Hazarika said.<\/p>\n

He started growing black rice because he liked the taste. \u201cNow, I am making more money by selling it,\u201d he said. But now he is worried. His black rice seeds are lying in fields that have been flooded in the monsoon<\/a>. \u201cI am not sure if they will survive the flood to be fit for sowing,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

See:<\/strong> Lockdown-hit farmers begin to sow summer crops in South Asia<\/a><\/p>\n

No marketing support from government<\/h2>\n

Lack of marketing support from the government is hampering the potential benefits of the crop.<\/p>\n

“There is no initiative from the government to motivate the farmers,\u201d Bishnu said as he rued the limited market options.<\/p>\n

\u201cPeople still go for traditional varieties because they can find a buyer as soon as they step out of their house,\u201d he said. \u201cFor a poor farmer, timely money is more important than big profits.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hazarika had a similar complaint. \u201cThere is no help from the government to market the\u00a0rice,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n

Last season, he produced one tonne of paddy, which he sold locally. This year he hasn\u2019t grown more because of market uncertainties.<\/p>\n

Rabha is worried too. Because of the lockdown<\/a>, big buyers like the Taj Hotels group haven\u2019t placed any orders this year. Usually they approach him or come through middlemen in Guwahati. \u201cThe government hasn\u2019t helped much in marketing,\u201d Rabha said.<\/p>\n

\u201cFarmers and NGOs are marketing\u00a0black\u00a0rice themselves,\u201d said Prafulla Mahanta, a deputy director in Assam\u2019s agriculture<\/a> department.<\/p>\n

Manoj Das, managing director of the North Eastern Regional Agricultural Marketing Corporation, said that government intervention is not needed because the production of\u00a0black\u00a0rice\u00a0is limited. \u201cBlack\u00a0rice\u00a0has a good market. The current channels are good enough. They get a better price that way,\u201d Das said.<\/p>\n

But the lack of marketing prevents farmers from reaching consumers, including those close to home.<\/p>\n

Keyaa Das Choudhury, a baker in Guwahati, has never bought black rice from Assam. She makes\u00a0black\u00a0rice\u00a0cakes and cookies using the Manipuri variety. \u201cI have only heard that\u00a0black\u00a0rice\u00a0grows in Assam,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Promise of better varieties<\/h2>\n

The World Bank\u2019s Assam Agribusiness and Rural Transformation Project (APART) may improve the crop\u2019s\u00a0prospects.<\/p>\n

\u201cThis year, we are looking at\u00a0black and red\u00a0rice\u00a0to study how to improve their productivity and marketability,\u201d said Laya Madduri, project director of Assam Rural Infrastructure and Agricultural Services, APART\u2019s implementing agency.<\/p>\n

\u201cDeveloping climate-resistant varieties is also our focus,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n

Farmers could soon have improved varieties of\u00a0black\u00a0rice. The AAU\u2019s Regional Agricultural Research Station is close to releasing high-yielding varieties of the traditional\u00a0black\u00a0rice. \u201cTwelve high-yielding\u00a0black\u00a0rice\u00a0lines have already been developed and evaluation is going on. The lines will reach farmers within a year or two,\u201d Chetia said.<\/p>\n

Back in Amguripara, Rabha said that\u00a0black\u00a0rice\u00a0has changed his fortunes. “From two oxen, I have come far. Now, I am farming with a tractor,” he said.<\/p>\n

Sadiq Naqvi is an independent journalist @datelinedelhi<\/em><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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