{"id":20040904,"date":"2020-11-09T12:30:42","date_gmt":"2020-11-09T07:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=40904"},"modified":"2021-04-27T17:18:10","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T11:48:10","slug":"as-wildlife-declines-indian-government-misleads-parliament-on-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/as-wildlife-declines-indian-government-misleads-parliament-on-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Indian government misleads Parliament on wildlife decline"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u201cWith only 2.5% of the world\u2019s landmass, we have 8% of the world\u2019s recorded biodiversity,\u201d India\u2019s minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Prakash Javadekar told world leaders at the 75th UN biodiversity summit<\/a> this September, reminding delegates that he represented one of the 17 megadiverse countries in the world.

For years, India has highlighted its rich flora and fauna. Today, amidst unlocking some of the world\u2019s most precious landscapes and diluting environment laws, the Indian government is misleading Parliament about the state of the natural world and providing inaccurate, confusing data about its wildlife \u2013 all of this taking place as global and national biodiversity assessments suggest that India\u2019s flora and fauna, like everywhere else, is in free fall.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Environment minister in denial of wildlife decline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Babul Supriyo, the Minister of State in the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change told the Lok Sabha this September in response to a question that the government had no data to say that endangered bird populations in the country were in a state of continuous decline.\u00a0

Seven months ago, however, the State of India\u2019s Birds Report 2020<\/a> \u2013 which analysed data from 15,000 birdwatchers on the eBird platform \u2013 painted a different picture. The report measured the abundance and distribution of 867 bird species, and concluded, \u201cOf the 261 species for which long-term trends could be determined, 52% have declined since the year 2000, with 22% declining strongly. In all, 43% of species showed a long-term trend that was stable and 5% showed an increasing trend. Current annual trends could be estimated for 146 species. Of these, nearly 80% are declining, with almost 50% declining strongly. Just over 6% are stable and 14% increasing.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"India<\/div>
Asiatic wild dog [Image by: Kalyan Varma\/Wikimedia Commons]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Eagle and vulture numbers have plummeted, but so have the counts of several neglected species like the Finn\u2019s Weaver. In 20 years, Finn\u2019s Weaver populations in Uttarakhand have dropped by as much as 94%, with less than 500 birds found in India.

In his response to parliament, Supriyo failed to note findings from the State of India\u2019s Birds report, even though three autonomous government institutions \u2013 the Wildlife Institute of India, the Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History and the National Biodiversity Authority \u2013 had collaborated on it.\u00a0

This is not the only evidence that shows birds in India are collapsing. In five years, since 2015, the number of bird species at high risk of extinction in India has shot up from 82 to 101, according to data from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Monitoring and recording India’s wildlife decline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Earlier this year, when Supriyo was asked in the Lok Sabha if the government had recorded the endangered species of animals and birds to take steps to prevent their extinction, he said that it had.\u00a0

Endangered species were indexed under the Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 in various schedules based on their threat status, he said, and Schedule I species are accorded the highest degree of protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Indian<\/div>
The endangered Barilius-canarensis [Image by: Suman Jumani]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

India’s Wildlife Protection Act<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, flora and fauna are catalogued under six schedules \u2013 from I to VI; and wildlife crimes against top-schedule species (especially schedules I and II) are dealt stiffer punishments.\u00a0
But the classification, scientists say, is often unscientific and disconnected from an animal\u2019s conservation status.\u00a0
\u201cThere are 159 species of freshwater fish threatened by extinction in India, but none of them are listed under the Wildlife Protection Act,\u201d Rajeev Raghavan, professor at the Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies and an IUCN SSC Freshwater Fish Red List Coordinator told The Third Pole<\/a>, \u201cIf the fish are not protected by law, the purpose of assessing and prioritising them is quite pointless.\u201d\u00a0

\u201cIn India, all we have done is a static exercise of listing species under the various schedules of the Wildlife (Protection) Act,\u201d Abi T. Vanak, Senior Fellow at the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology\u00a0and the Environment told The Third Pole<\/a>. A number of species with stable populations, marked as \u2018least concern\u2019 by the IUCN, are listed under Schedule I of the legislation, he says, and several endangered species are lower down in priority.
According to Vanak, India\u2019s wildlife laws, particularly the Wildlife Protection Act is not designed to monitor endangered species. \u201cThe law doesn\u2019t outline what needs to be done to revive the species.\u201d

India\u2019s neighbours, Sri Lanka<\/a> and Bangladesh<\/a>, have, under the guidance of the IUCN, established national red lists to monitor the status of flora and fauna within their borders \u2013 a process India has not initiated. \u201cIndia had plans of doing a country-level assessment,\u201d K.A. Subramanian, Senior Scientist at the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), India\u2019s premier zoological research institute told The Third Pole<\/a>, \u201cbut these have not been done so far.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Extinction of wildlife in India<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

In September, a WWF assessment found that wildlife populations around the world had plummeted by 68% from 1970 to 2016. Last year, a sweeping international report found that human transformation of natural landscapes had put at least 1 million species at risk of extinction. Both assessments observe that the destruction of wildlife habitats \u2013 forests, grasslands, wetlands, rivers \u2013 for mining, dams, industry, and agriculture is the most significant factor for plummeting wildlife numbers.

See:<\/strong> Steep global biodiversity loss puts humanity in peril<\/a>

Out of the 8,664 species that the IUCN Red List has catalogued in India, about 13 percent\u00a0 are considered at high risk for extinction in the wild. Yet, India continues to unlock protected landscapes at a rapid pace.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"endangered<\/div>
In 20 years, Finn\u2019s Weaver populations in Uttarakhand have dropped by as much as 94%, with less than 500 birds found in India [Image by: Koshy Koshy\/Wikimedia Commons]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Since 2015, India\u2019s environment ministry approved the felling of about<\/a> 11 million trees to make space for infrastructure projects, data presented in the Rajya Sabha said. The National Board for Wildlife cleared over 692 hectares of inviolate wildlife sanctuaries<\/a> \u2013 roughly the size of one thousand football fields \u2013 to lay railroads, build highways, install mines and launch industries between January 2019 and August 2020, research by Legal Initiative for Forests and Environment, an environment non-profit found. The environment advocacy group maintains that the clearances are illegal and violate the Wildlife Protection Act which only permit encroachments that are beneficial to wildlife.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"wildlife<\/div>
Wildlife sanctuaries in India: Wikimedia<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

IUCN red list India<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

When queried about whether flora and fauna in India\u2019s forests were gradually becoming extinct, the environment ministry in the Lok Sabha in July 2019 listed four animals and 18 plants species it considers extinct.\u00a0

The ministry did not mention the animal and plant species in the IUCN critically endangered bucket \u2013 the species on extinction\u2019s edge \u2013 facing \u2018extremely high\u2019 risks of being wiped out. Today, a total of 180 species found in India are critically endangered, many not recorded in the Wildlife Protection Act.

USD 42 trillion – a majority of global GDP – is dependent on high-functioning ecosystems, noted Swiss Re<\/a>, a global insurance firm this October, arguing that a shocking fifth of the world\u2019s nations are at risk of biodiversity collapse. It put India at the top \u2013 among the \u2018highest risk\u2019 countries.

Recent biodiversity assessments emphasise, more forcibly than ever before, how the future of humankind is intertwined with the health of our landscapes and ecosystem. Wetlands purify and store water. Mangroves shield villages from rising seas and floods. Threatened bees and insects pollinate our crops. Clean undammed rivers nourish fish populations that feed millions of people.

“In most villages near streams or rivers, the moment you start talking about the river, the fish, and fishing gear, you\u2019re going to have a crowd of young and old people around you,\u201d Suman Jumani, an ecologist who has spent years studying the impacts of Karnataka\u2019s dams on freshwater ecosystems said, \u201cIt\u2019s a testament to how intricately our rivers and its wildlife are tied to our livelihoods and culture.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

India is one of the countries most threatened by biodiversity losses, yet its government denies and obfuscates its own data, and opens environmentally sensitive areas to exploitation<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000765,"featured_media":20055911,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[511,523,539,610],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20040904","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-biodiversity","tag-conservation","tag-endangered-species","tag-wildlife","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nIndia's wildlife decline: government misleads parliament | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"India is one of the countries most threatened by loss of wildlife, yet its government denies and obfuscates its own data.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" 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