{"id":20045133,"date":"2020-12-03T13:30:32","date_gmt":"2020-12-03T08:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=45133"},"modified":"2021-05-24T16:28:17","modified_gmt":"2021-05-24T10:58:17","slug":"heatwaves-floods-storms-new-normal-in-pandemic-year-wmo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/heatwaves-floods-storms-new-normal-in-pandemic-year-wmo\/","title":{"rendered":"Heatwaves, floods, storms new normal in pandemic year: WMO"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Climate change and consequent extreme weather events continued on their destructive path in 2020 in a world grappling with the coronavirus pandemic, the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) said in a report on Wednesday.

Severe storms, heavy rainfall and floods in South Asia and China in particular displaced millions of people and caused damage worth billions, the UN weather agency said in its provisional State of the Global Climate 2020<\/a> report.

The year 2020 is on track to be one of the three warmest years on record as concentrations of greenhouse gases continue to rise in the atmosphere<\/a> despite reduced human activity due to the Covid-19 lockdown, the WMO said, basing its provisional assessment on temperature data from January to October. It will release the final report in March 2021.

\u201c2020 is on track to be one of the three warmest years on record globally \u2013 even with the cooling effect of this year\u2019s La Ni\u00f1a,\u201d UN secretary general Ant\u00f3nio Guterres said in his State of the Planet speech<\/a> at Columbia University in the US. \u201cHumanity is waging war on nature. This is suicidal.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

What is La Ni\u00f1a?<\/strong><\/span>

La Ni\u00f1a is a weather pattern that occurs in the Pacific Ocean. It is the obverse of El Ni\u00f1o, the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean that impacts trade winds and monsoons in India and other parts of the world.<\/p><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe average global temperature in 2020 is set to be about 1.2 degree Celsius above the pre-industrial (1850-1900) level,\u201d WMO secretary general Petteri Taalas said. \u201cThere is at least a one in five chance of it temporarily exceeding 1.5 degrees by 2024.\u201d

The 2015 Paris climate pact<\/a> aims to keep global warming \u201cwell within\u201d 2C above pre-industrial levels, and pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Not on track<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThis year is the fifth anniversary of the Paris agreement on climate change,\u201d Taalas pointed out. \u201cWe welcome all the recent commitments by governments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions because we are currently not on track and more efforts are needed.\u201d

The decade between 2011 and 2020 will be the warmest decade on record, with the warmest six years all being since 2015, the WMO said.

The provisional report made a special mention of Cyclone Amphan<\/a>, which brought destruction to West Bengal in India and to Bangladesh in May. Amphan was the \u201ccostliest tropical cyclone on record for the North Indian Ocean,\u201d the report said, with India\u2019s economic losses from the disaster totalling about USD 14 billion.

It noted that this year\u2019s monsoon in South Asia was also remarkable. India had one of its two wettest monsoon seasons since 1994, and August was the wettest month on record for Pakistan, with Karachi reporting the highest amount of rainfall in a day.

In China, June and July were \u201cparticularly wet\u201d. The Yangtze river and its tributaries flooded, and the Three Gorges Dam was forced to discharge water at its maximum capacity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Year of extremes in South Asia<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Globally, the number of tropical cyclones is above average this year, with 96 as of November 17. Two more cyclones have hit Tamil Nadu since then.

Amphan displaced 2.4 million people in India and 2.5 million in Bangladesh. The report noted that while many returned soon afterwards, \u201cdamage to more than 2.8 million homes likely resulted in homelessness and prolonged displacement for many thousands\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"map<\/div>
Heatwaves in the world\u2019s oceans in 2020 [Source: WMO]<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In the wake of Amphan, monsoon rains led to massive flooding, dam collapses and landslides across South Asia. In India, nationally averaged rainfall for June to September was 9% above the long-term average. In Nepal, flooding and landslides<\/a> affected several districts in July.

Across India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan and Myanmar, more than 2,000 people died during the monsoon season and millions were displaced.

The WMO report once again points to the severe implications of climate change in India, according to climate scientist Anjal Prakash, research director at Bharti Institute of Public Policy, Indian School of Business.

\u201cIndia has the seventh-longest coastline in Asia. There are nine coastal states and two union territories in India, with a population of about 560 million,\u201d Prakash said. \u201cIn 2014, around 177 million people lived in coastal districts and 440,000 lived in island territories in India, which are considered to be at a greater risk.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disrupted natural systems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The WMO report shows that oceans and the cryosphere (the area of the planet covered in ice) are an important and critical component of global ecology. They regulate the world\u2019s climate and weather.

The ocean is the primary source of rain and snowfall needed to sustain life on land, and uptake of heat and carbon into the ocean has so far limited the magnitude of human-caused warming on the Earth\u2019s surface, explained Prakash, who is a lead author in the sixth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prakash stressed that the Hindu Kush Himalayas region is \u201cextremely susceptible to temperature increase.\u201d

\u201cUnder a 1.5 degrees Celsius global warming scenario, these areas are projected to warm up by more than 2 degrees on average by the end of this century. Currently, more likely climate change scenarios, specific for these river basins, suggest regional temperature increases between 3.5 and 6 degrees by 2100.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Floods in China<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The WMO also identified floods and landslides in China as \u201cparticularly intense\u201d this year. As of mid-July, it said, 29,000 homes in the country were destroyed and over 2.2 million people evacuated.

During the rainy season, persistent high rainfall in the Yangtze river catchment caused severe flooding. Reported economic losses exceeded USD 15 billion, and at least 279 people died, the WMO said.

In response to a question about China\u2019s commitment to be carbon-neutral before 2060, Taalas said, \u201cI think that\u2019s excellent news. China has good reason to have such an ambitious goal, because it is also going to suffer because of climate change.\u201d

He added that China, the world\u2019s biggest emitter of carbon dioxide, has many cities and economic centres on its eastern coast \u2013 a low-lying area sensitive to sea level rise.

Taalas also stressed that \u201cthe melting of the glaciers of the Himalayas is going to mean the release of less water, which will hit both India and China.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prepare and mitigate<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA pertinent question is what could be done? First and foremost, we must change our approach to building. Our infrastructure must be climate-resilient,\u201d Prakash said. \u201cThe planning, implementing and monitoring process must be climate-resilient, and a systemic overhaul is necessary.\u201d

Guterres in his Columbia speech emphasised the scientific conclusions on climate change.

\u201cThe science is crystal clear,\u201d he said. \u201cTo limit temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, the world needs to decrease fossil fuel production by roughly 6% every year between now and 2030.\u201d

\u201cIn overcoming the pandemic, we can also avert climate cataclysm and restore our planet,\u201d the UN secretary general said. \u201cMaking peace with nature is the defining task of the 21st century. It must be the top, top priority for everyone, everywhere.\u201d

Sanjay Vashist, coordinator of Climate Action Network South Asia, told The Third Pole<\/a>, \u201cThe report has conveyed very convincingly that humanity is heading towards doomsday. We have moved closer to the dangerous limit of 1.5 degrees and reversing climate change is almost impossible with current resources. Polluters need to move to renewable energy very quickly. It\u2019s now time to say goodbye to fossil fuels.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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