{"id":20049147,"date":"2020-11-10T12:30:13","date_gmt":"2020-11-10T07:00:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=41539"},"modified":"2021-02-19T19:33:54","modified_gmt":"2021-02-19T14:03:54","slug":"death-comes-before-justice-for-koshi-flood-victims-in-nepal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/justice\/death-comes-before-justice-for-koshi-flood-victims-in-nepal\/","title":{"rendered":"Death comes before justice for Koshi flood victims in Nepal"},"content":{"rendered":"

Memories of the Koshi river flooding on October 10, 1968 are still fresh in the minds of the residents of Sunsari, a district in south-east Nepal. In the village of Sindure Tappu, the river burst its banks before dawn and swept away hundreds of homes, forcing people to clamber to their rooftops.
\n\u201cThe flood came around 3 am,\u201d Prahlad Thapa recalled. \u201cI cannot remember any human casualties but our settlement was flooded and almost all the cattle were washed away. We stayed atop our houses for hours \u2013 we were compelled to defecate there. Locals rescued us only at 4 pm.\u201d
\nToday, Sindure Tappu does not exist; a large part of it was submerged by the river.<\/p>\n

\"Koshi
The Koshi river now flows where a human settlement once was [Image by: Birat Anupam]<\/figcaption><\/figure>Thapa is one of hundreds of people who lived through the highest flood<\/a> in the Koshi\u2019s recorded history. But 52 years on, the displaced locals have not been compensated.
\nRead:<\/strong> Along the Koshi, flooded in Nepal, ignored by India<\/a>
\nA four-generational struggle<\/strong>
\nWhen the Koshi flooded Thapa\u2019s village on that fateful day, his grandfather, Dil Bahadur Thapa, led the family. He tried to get compensation for his lost property but had no success, and died in 1972.
\n\u201cMy grandfather was a property owner. He had even employed labourers to support our agrarian family,\u201d said Thapa, who now chairs the Koshi Inundation Victim Struggle Committee, a local activist group.
\nHe added, \u201cTragically, once a property owner, my grandfather died landless.\u201d
\nAfter the demise of Thapa\u2019s grandfather, his father, Man Bahadur Thapa, pressed for compensation. He too was left empty-handed. He died in 2006 at the age of 87.
\nHaving lost both his grandfather and father, Thapa is now leading his family\u2019s struggle for compensation.<\/p>\n

\"Prahlad<\/p>\n

The river has a history of floods that displace thousands every year, so the misery of communities continues to grow.
\nAccording to the Barahakshetra municipality in Sunsari, which collects data on flood victims, 2,743 households have been affected by the Koshi river, up to the 2020 monsoon.
\nKamala Magar, the deputy mayor of the municipality, said that \u201c13,605 people of our municipality have been identified and verified as Koshi victims so far.\u201d She added, \u201cThe total area affected by the Koshi river is 3,166 bighas<\/em>, 19 kattha <\/em>and 18 dhur<\/em> [about 2,617 hectares] of private land.\u201d
\n\u201cEvery time I see Koshi waters in my ancestors\u2019 lands, I get emotional and sometimes cannot control my tears,\u201d Thapa told The Third Pole<\/a>.
\nThis sentiment is shared by many others who survived the 1968 flood, including Ganesh Kumar Limbu.
\nLimbu remembers even the 1954 Koshi flood, but said 1968 was more tragic as it destroyed ancestral property.<\/p>\n

\"Ganesh<\/p>\n

\u201cMy father, Sher Bahadur Limbu, could not be compensated. I am now 81 and have little hope that my grandchildren will be compensated,\u201d said Limbu.
\nLimbu said residents from the district have approached \u201call leaders and prime ministers\u201d of Nepal and \u201ceven the president and former kings of Koshi\u201d for compensation.
\n\u201cWe have elected two prime ministers [Girija Prasad Koirala and Man Mohan Adhikari] from our constituency but they also failed to live up to their promises to compensate us,\u201d said Limbu.
\n\u201cThe course of the Koshi is not constant, it keeps changing,\u201d said Magar, a resident of Dharahara Tapan, a settlement which is also affected by Koshi inundation, erosion and flood. She added, \u201cIt can inflict further damage and destruction in the years ahead. Since it is an international problem, Nepal and India must address this problem at the earliest. Local government alone cannot solve it.\u201d
\nKoshi Agreement<\/strong>
\nThe trouble, victims say, stems from the Koshi Agreement<\/a> signed between Nepal and India on April 25, 1954, and the subsequent construction of the 1,150-metre-long, 10-metre-wide Koshi Barrage<\/a> in 1962.
\nRead:<\/strong> Flooded by corruption each year in Bihar <\/a>
\nThe river flooded in 1968, 1978, 1980, 1982, 1984 and 1986 in immediate subsequent decades, destroying settlements and fertile farmland.
\nJoney Limbu, the vice-chair of the Koshi Inundation Victim Struggle Committee, said 12 bighas<\/em> (around 8 hectares) of his family\u2019s land were swallowed by the river in the 1982 flood.
\n\u201cBased on the Koshi Agreement<\/a>, we are supposed to get compensated by the Indian government,\u201d said Limbu. \u201cTragically, neither the India nor Nepal governments did enough to address our woes.\u201d
\nHundreds of Koshi victims like Limbu staged sit-ins and hunger strikes<\/a> in August 2019 to draw the authorities\u2019 attention to their plight \u2013 with little impact.
\nThe victims say the situation continues mainly because of unwillingness on the Indian side and a lack of strong lobbying by Nepal.<\/p>\n

\"Koshi<\/p>\n

Santosh Limbu is the Liaison-cum-Land Acquisition Officer and Nepali representative for the Koshi Project. In 2012, he said, Nepal and India jointly carried out studies on land in two Nepali districts, Udayapur and Saptari, verifying 7,663 bighas <\/em>(5,190 hectares) owned by around 10,000 people had been inundated.\u00a0Land in Sunsari was not verified.
\n\u201cThere was provision to compensate people with 1 lakh 5,000 rupees [USD 880] per bigha<\/em> of land,\u201d said Limbu. He said verification of other inundated areas and the payment of compensation for verified lands are both pending, mainly due to unwillingness from India.
\nLimbu also claimed that India has not paid tax<\/a> for three years for its Koshi Project works, amounting to around NPR 140 million (USD 1.2 million). He said, \u201cThey are even unwilling to pay a tiny amount of tax. How can we expect huge sum of compensation easily?\u201d
\nThe Third Pole<\/a> contacted Prakash Das, the chief engineer at the Koshi Project from India, who declined to comment. A request for comment was also sent to the Bihar government\u2019s Water Resources Department \u2013 the Indian agency responsible for the Koshi Project. This article will be updated if and when a response is received.
\nPaying tax for flooded land<\/strong>
\nDespite the floods that devastate their properties, victims continue to pay land tax to the Nepali government.
\nGanesh Kumar Limbu owns 6.5 bighas (around 4.4 hectares) of land. \u201cIn my latest payment, I paid NPR 625.75 [USD 5.25] just to give continuity to my taxation,\u201d he said.
\nHe added, \u201cI paid the tax in the hope of being compensated one day. Without ownership of the land, we are not entitled to be compensated.\u201d
\nAnanda Prashad Gutam, who owns 15 katthas<\/em> (0.8 hectares), said, \u201cI cannot grow anything on my land nor can I collect any revenue from it. Still, I am paying tax just to give proof of ownership of my ancestral land.\u201d
\nA dire situation<\/strong>
\nThe construction of the Koshi Barrage meant the river could not flow naturally. This, Koshi victims say, caused repeated inundation, erosion and flooding to settlements.
\nRead:<\/strong> A dammed history of the Koshi<\/a>
\nResearchers say the river has shifted about 115 kilometres<\/a> westwards in the past 220 years. It also carries 100-135 million tonnes of silt<\/a> on average in a year, according to ICIMOD researchers, who say the Koshi has \u201cexceptionally high sediment carrying capacity\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"Prahald
Hands of Kameshwar Mahto [image by: Umesh Kumar Ray]<\/figcaption><\/figure>For the past half century, Prahlad Thapa said, Nepal and India have not paid attention to the distress of Koshi victims.
\n\u201cThe compensation to the latest flood and erosion of 2008 is given to almost all victims,\u201d said Thapa. \u201cYet previous flood victims from 1968 with verified documents are still unpaid.\u201d
\nHe said Koshi victims\u2019 demand is for monetary compensation or the last adjustment equivalent to the lost land. He warned, \u201cThe more it is prolonged, the more severe it is for both the government and people.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In 1968, the Koshi river swept away hundreds of homes, destroying land and livelihoods, yet generations later villagers in Nepal’s Sunsari district are still waiting for help from the Indian and Nepali governments<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000698,"featured_media":20056542,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039900],"tags":[543,580,50040707],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000113],"class_list":["post-20049147","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-justice","tag-extreme-weather","tag-policy","tag-the-third-pole","country-nepal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nDeath comes before justice for Koshi flood victims in Nepal | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In 1968, the Koshi river swept away hundreds of homes, destroying land and livelihoods, yet generations later villagers in Nepal's 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