{"id":20062793,"date":"2020-12-16T19:43:20","date_gmt":"2020-12-16T14:13:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=62793"},"modified":"2021-02-15T19:28:11","modified_gmt":"2021-02-15T13:58:11","slug":"scrapping-imported-coal-projects-pakistan-fails-to-let-go-of-local-lignite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/scrapping-imported-coal-projects-pakistan-fails-to-let-go-of-local-lignite\/","title":{"rendered":"Scrapping imported coal projects, Pakistan fails to let go of local lignite"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Pakistan\u2019s contribution was one of the few bright spots at the recently concluded virtual&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2020\/12\/1079862\">Climate Ambition Summit<\/a>. Prime Minister Imran Khan announced that two major coal projects would be scrapped and declared the country will have no more \u201cpower based on coal\u201d but instead build more hydropower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, it became quickly apparent Khan\u2019s statement will not affect the over 7,000 MW of coal power the country has recently built or is in the pipeline under the China Pakistan Economic Corridor. The two coal power projects mentioned had already been scrapped because of an earlier moratorium on using imported coal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There was a grim air at the summit, organised by Britain and France in partnership with Italy, Chile and the UN. The COP 26 president, UK Business Secretary Alok Sharma, reminded everyone that the world is still not on track to fulfil the 2015&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/process-and-meetings\/the-paris-agreement\/the-paris-agreement\">Paris Agreement<\/a>&nbsp;of limiting the warming of the globe to 2 degrees Celsius. But there was no sense of a breakthrough on the horizon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">By 2030, 60% of all energy produced will be clean energy, through renewables.<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Pakistan Prime Minister, Imran Khan<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>China committed to increase the share of non-fossil fuel in primary energy consumption to around 25% by 2030.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/2020\/12\/11\/india-pushes-back-against-strengthening-climate-pledge\/\">India pushed back on demands to strengthen its Paris climate pledge<\/a>, though it did promise to more than double its renewable energy target. Though rich nations have emitted almost all the greenhouse gases that are now in the atmosphere, they are still nowhere near to keeping their promise of paying poor nations to combat climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20046368\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>In this situation, it was Pakistan Prime Minister Imran Khan\u2019s speech that won plaudits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After pointing out that Pakistan\u2019s \u201cglobal contribution to world emissions was less than 1%\u201d but it was the fifth most vulnerable country to climate change, Khan said \u201c\u2026we will have nature-based solutions to mitigate the effects of climate change.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CX8mtG-IL7M\">short<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CX8mtG-IL7M\">&nbsp;intervention<\/a>&nbsp;Khan spoke of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/2019\/02\/05\/billion-tree-tsunami\/\">Pakistan\u2019s billion tree plantation<\/a>&nbsp;project and adding&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/2020\/10\/16\/pakistan-government-aims-to-protect-new-parks-but-neglects-the-old\/\">15 national parks<\/a>&nbsp;to the current list of 30, which he said would help reduce the country\u2019s carbon footprint. He also announced, \u201cBy 2030, 60% of all energy produced will be clean energy, through renewables\u201d and \u201c30% of all our vehicles would be on electricity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The big announcement was the scrapping of two coal power projects, which were supposed to produce 2,600 megawatts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-struggle-for-a-greener-cpec\">Struggle for a greener CPEC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Malik Amin Aslam, minister and adviser to the prime minister on climate change, elaborated that the two coal projects were those using imported coal at Muzaffargarh and Rahim Yar Khan. Both were part of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (<a href=\"http:\/\/cpec.gov.pk\/\">CPEC<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/4683775\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThese have been shelved, and 3,700 MW of hydel projects have been signed instead, moving towards China Pakistan-Green-Economic Corridor,\u201d Aslam told&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/\">The Third Pole<\/a>, underlining the addition of \u2018green\u2019 to the CPEC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20042193\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>Discarded early last year, the adviser said the government \u201cwanted to evidence that it was walking the talk\u201d by shifting from coal to hydropower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/4683826\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>The hydro projects included the 1,124 MW project at Kohala, the 884 MW project at Suki Kinari and the 720 MW project at Karot. These were in addition to the bigger ones like the Diamer-Bhasha and Mohmand hydel projects, said Aslam. Despite being labelled \u201cgreen\u201d large hydropower brings its own set of environmental issues, from damage to rivers and ecosystems, disruption of water and sediment flow downstream and large scale methane emissions from reservoirs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20035745\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Kugelman, deputy director of the Wilson Center\u2019s Asia programme, said Khan had used the time well to promote his administration\u2019s \u201cdesire for real change on climate issues\u201d, particularly given Pakistan\u2019s past energy mix, which was \u201cskewed towards dirty energy\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe shouldn\u2019t overstate Khan\u2019s comments,\u201d warned Kugelman, since imported hydrocarbons and domestically produced coal still played a big part in Pakistan\u2019s energy plans. \u201cDespite the intentions of both Beijing and Islamabad to cooperate more on clean energy, many of the CPEC energy projects in place are emissions-heavy and are&nbsp;not going to help mitigate climate change.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Still, he said, the speech underscored the present government\u2019s \u201cgenuine commitment to emphasising cleaner fuels and a more climate-friendly policy on the whole.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-economic-compulsion-or-protecting-the-planet\">Economic compulsion or protecting the planet<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Anam Zeb, an independent climate policy analyst, suggested that these decisions were influenced more by economic compulsions rather than climate concerns.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThese decisions may have been taken since the generation capacity in Pakistan is expected to exceed demand,\u201d pointed out Zeb, making the coal plants unnecessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Environmental lawyer Ahmed Rafay Alam agreed. \u201cOne of the two plants mentioned by the PM was shelved in early 2019 not because of its potential greenhouse gas emissions but because an energy capacity surplus in Pakistan made it redundant,\u201d he told&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/\">The Third Pole<\/a>, adding, \u201cThe PM is playing politics with the closure of these two plants by claiming Pakistan is doing its best under the Paris Agreement.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, Zeb admitted that \u201csymbolically\u201d PM Khan made a \u201cgood case\u201d for moving away from coal, regardless of the reasons. Real progress, though, would only be seen when and if the prime minister announces the \u201cdecommissioning of existing coal projects\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-local-coal-is-still-being-burnt\">Local coal is still being burnt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Discarding imported coal projects does not mean doing away with the dirty fuel completely, as the government plans to continue exploiting the lower-quality local variety of lignite coal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe style=\"width: 100%; height: 600px;\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/4683712\/embed\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe projects in Thar, producing up to 3,500 MW of energy is coal too,\u201d pointed out an environmental expert requesting he remain anonymous. \u201cClimate change does not recognise the origin of coal,\u201d he added. These plants and the&nbsp;associated mining&nbsp;development have faced significant opposition due to air pollution, displacement and impacts on water&nbsp;resources in an already water-stressed area where there are high rates of malnutrition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>See<\/strong>:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/2016\/08\/23\/pakistans-coal-expansion-brings-misery-to-villagers-in-thar-desert\/\">Pakistan\u2019s coal expansion brings misery to villagers in Thar desert<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur local coal has a high sulphur content and it is lignite [a particularly dirty form of coal in terms of carbon emissions],\u201d pointed out Mome Saleem, founding executive director at the Islamabad-based Institute of Urbanism. \u201cIt is even worse than the coal we are getting from Indonesia.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>See<\/strong>:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/2020\/07\/15\/thar-coal-project\/\">Locals urge Pakistani government to drop CPEC coal mining plans<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the prime minister said he wanted to \u201cproduce energy either by coal to liquid or coal to gas so that we do not have to burn coal to produce energy.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Energy expert Vaqar Zakaria, head of Hagler Bailley Pakistan, an environmental consultancy firm, said both gasification and liquefaction of coal is expensive, and at the end of the day, it is still a fossil fuel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Further, he said, conversion would add to the energy use and carbon dioxide emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cLiquefaction to replace diesel and gasification is done to produce pipeline quality gas or fertiliser, or to produce cleaner power in comparison to conventional coal-fired power generation,\u201d Zakaria explained. He did not see much economic sense of either in the current oil price scenario.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rafay Alam pointed out that provincial governments also had a role. The PM\u2019s remarks don\u2019t \u201ccover the construction of the Thar coal energy projects\u201d which, being provincial projects, \u201caren\u2019t in the federal government\u2019s ambit,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-cooperation-between-developed-and-developing-countries\">Cooperation between developed and developing countries<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Saleem suggested that the prime minister needed to also reach out to developed countries for support, to emphasise \u201chow we are suffering and how we need capacity building, maybe more support vis-a-vis sustainable infrastructure and technological advancement.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malik Amin Aslam echoed these views, \u201cCountries like Pakistan are unjustly and disproportionately\u201d affected by climate change, and need finance to support the \u201cpolitical commitments\u201d towards a clean energy transition and \u201cunlocking out of long-term coal-based energy pathways\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He rued that the USD 100 billion per year pledge by rich countries had not been honoured.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the caveats and challenges, Khan\u2019s speech, just before the submission of all countries\u2019 Nationally Determined Contributions to the Paris agreement due on December 31, was important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSince there is only 8% of the world\u2019s carbon budget remaining, the pressure is on for countries to demonstrate how they will transition to a low fossil fuel economy. This includes countries like Pakistan that have typically used the excuse that the country is a very low emitter to access climate finance for adaptation and as an excuse to shy away from mitigation commitments including phasing out coal,\u201d said Zeb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pakistan\u2019s Prime Minister Imran Khan won plaudits at international climate summit by announcing he would scrap two coal-fired power plants that have been scrapped already<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000276,"featured_media":20062794,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[757],"tags":[513,520,17073],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000112],"class_list":["post-20062793","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-energy","tag-carbon-emissions","tag-coal","tag-energy-transition","country-pakistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Scrapping imported coal projects, Pakistan fails to let go of local lignite | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pakistan\u2019s Prime Minister Imran Khan won plaudits at international climate summit by announcing he would scrap two coal-fired power plants that have been scrapped already\" 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