{"id":20072119,"date":"2021-05-07T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-07T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=72119"},"modified":"2022-05-12T21:56:43","modified_gmt":"2022-05-12T16:26:43","slug":"communities-protect-amur-falcons-india-despite-pandemic-hardships","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/communities-protect-amur-falcons-india-despite-pandemic-hardships\/","title":{"rendered":"Communities protect Amur falcons in India despite pandemic hardships"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Get the whole picture<\/p>

This is one in a series of articles exploring some of the ways communities and governments in Asia are responding to the biodiversity crisis. You can view the whole series\u00a0here<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

On Earth Day 2021, two little raptors named Chiulon and Irang began a non-stop five-day flight over the Arabian Sea, part of their annual journey from southern Africa to their breeding grounds in China. From the day they set off on 22 April, a community in a remote district of northeast India was following their journey with interest, even as Covid-19<\/a>\u2019s deadly second wave swept through the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSince the two Amur falcons were radio-tagged and christened in Tamenglong [in Manipur, northeast India] in 2019, people here have been fascinated by their 20,000 km journey across continents,\u201d says H Singh, forest officer of Tamenglong district. \u201cMany are following updates of their movements on our Facebook page<\/a> and anxiously praying that they reach India and return to our district safe and sound later this year!\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"amur<\/div>
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This is a dramatic change from the situation less than 10 years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIn October 2012, we visited the Doyang dam in Wokha district of Nagaland, where Amur falcons roost in huge numbers while migrating from their breeding grounds in Mongolia to Africa,\u201d recalls Bano Haralu, former TV journalist and founding trustee of Nagaland Wildlife and Biodiversity Conservation Trust (NWBCT). \u201cBecause of the sheer length of their migration<\/a>, estimated at over 20,000 km, this stopover is critical for the birds to rest and recuperate before their onward journey.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

That year, Haralu witnessed killing on an unimaginable scale. Trees on the banks of the reservoir were covered in nets that trapped falcons in their thousands. The air was thick with the smell of falcon meat being smoked, with local people selling the meat in markets up to 100 km away. They reported earning over USD 266 a month from the hunt, a significant sum of money in a region where most people depend on subsistence agriculture and hunting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Doyang<\/div>
Doyang reservoir in Nagaland, India (Image: Geetanjali Krishna)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Amur<\/div>
Amur falcons trapped on the banks of the Doyang reservoir (Image: NWBCT)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

While hunting of wild animals has happened for thousands of years, the huge number (an estimated 120,000-140,000<\/a>) of Amur falcons being killed on migration was alarming. \u201cA large proportion of the global population of Amur falcons congregates in northeast India during their migration,\u201d says Suresh Kumar, an Amur falcon researcher at the Wildlife Institute of India. \u201cIf this illegal trapping and killing of Amur falcons had continued unchecked, it would have had a disastrous impact on their worldwide population.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

From poaching to protection of Amur falcons<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe all knew that convincing local communities to convert from poaching to protecting Amur falcons would be difficult,\u201d recounts H Tokaho Kinimi, wildlife warden of Nagaland\u2019s Dimapur district. Hunting is both a hobby and livelihood for people in this remote mountainous state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

While some conservationists suggested giving locals financial incentives to protect the birds, Haralu had a different take. \u201cI\u2019ve always believed that the conservation of our wild spaces and species must be its own reward,\u201d she says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Together with wildlife photographer and conservationist Ramki Sreenivasan, she founded NWBCT<\/a>, and launched an effort to change locals\u2019 attitudes towards the little raptor. NWBCT organised weekly \u2018eco clubs\u2019, went door-to-door talking with villagers and engaged with village councils. Haralu recounts: \u201cChildren learnt about the miracle of the Amur falcon\u2019s migration: the fact that their five-day flight across the ocean from here to Africa is the longest non-stop oversea flight in all [raptors], that farmers in faraway Africa await their arrival to feed on locusts and help get farmlands ready for the next crop.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"Amur<\/div>
Residents learn about the Amur falcon at a workshop organised by Nagaland Wildlife & Biodiversity Conservation Trust (Image: NWBCT)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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\"Amur<\/div>
Members of the Friends of Amur Falcon Eco Club learn about nature around Pangti village (Image: Bano Haralu)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pangti is one of the villages closest to the Doyang reservoir. In 2013, just before the arrival of the Amur falcons in October, the village council announced a ban on their trapping and killing. Pungro and Okhtosto, other villages near Amur falcon roosting sites, followed suit. The Indian government instituted<\/a> stiff penalties<\/a> for falcon hunters. Simultaneously, international experts and a team from the Wildlife Institute of India satellite-tagged a handful of Amur falcons to study their behaviour and create awareness among locals about their long migratory journey. Kumar says this helped to change locals\u2019 attitudes towards conservation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hunters become bird guides and homestay hosts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Providing alternative livelihoods that ensure villagers benefit from the wellbeing of the Amur falcons was a key part of the conservation project. NWBCT worked with village councils to train locals as guides and homestay hosts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yentsao Odyuo, a local guide and newly trained avian expert, says: \u201cWhen I take bird-watchers from across the world to watch Amur falcons flying above Doyang reservoir, I see the spectacle through their eyes. I feel proud they choose to come to my little village every year, even though I can still remember eating [the falcons\u2019] delicious smoked meat as a child.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Haralu estimates each homestay host could earn up to USD 950 from October to December, when the Amur falcons roost in Pangti. But the arrival of Covid-19 and lockdowns in spring 2020 brought international tourism to a halt, leaving communities without the support of visitors. The project\u2019s stakeholders feared that the loss of tourism revenue and absence of policing would result in a resurgence of hunting when the Amur falcons arrived in October 2020.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These fears were well-founded: the wildlife trade monitoring NGO Traffic reported<\/a> a \u201csignificant increase in overall poaching of wild animals<\/a> in India during the lockdown period\u201d in 2020. Increased poverty and food insecurity resulting from the pandemic\u2019s impacts have set back<\/a> conservation efforts in poor regions with high biodiversity. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Conservation takes root despite pressures of pandemic<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Happily, Nagaland\u2019s Amur falcons appear to have escaped this grim fate. By October 2020, villages in Nagaland and in the other northeast Indian states of Assam, Meghalaya and Manipur began reporting never-before-seen flocks of Amur falcons. Wildlife warden Kinimi reported \u201ca sea\u201d of them in Hakhize village in Nagaland, a new roosting site. In Tamenglong district, Singh, the forest officer, reported that \u201cAmur falcons came in higher numbers than ever before to our area.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nowhere in the world has there been such a change in people\u2019s attitudes towards animal conservation as we have witnessed in Nagaland and Manipur<\/blockquote>Suresh Kumar, Amur falcon researcher at the Wildlife Institute of India<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

While the pandemic has made it hard for scientists to estimate populations of this highly mobile bird, village committees and forest officials report an increase in falcon roosting sites. Kumar explained that this does not necessarily mean the Amur falcon\u2019s population has risen significantly and that they could be foraging for food in new spots, but the indications are good.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Amur<\/div>
Amur falcons congregate in Nagaland on their migration route (Image: Sylvain Cordier \/ Biosphoto \/ Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

There is more good news. Forest officials and conservationists like Haralu report that they did not come across a single case of mass killing of Amur falcons while the birds were present in northeast India between October and December 2020. Could this mean that local communities are developing an emotional connection with Amur falcons that is compelling more and more people to protect, not poach, the birds? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kumar thinks so. \u201cEven two years ago, I wouldn\u2019t have expected the locals to protect the birds in the absence of policing, like they did in 2020,\u201d he says. \u201cNowhere in the world has there been such a change in people\u2019s attitudes towards animal conservation<\/a> as we have witnessed in Nagaland and Manipur.\u201d The pandemic might have proved that Amur falcon conservation success is here to stay.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A community project to protect migratory Amur falcons from hunting in the northeast Indian state of Nagaland has remained successful, even as the pressures of the pandemic have led to reports of increased poaching of wildlife elsewhere<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000286,"featured_media":20072120,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[511,523,610],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20072119","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-biodiversity","tag-conservation","tag-wildlife","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAmur falcon conservation continues in India despite pandemic hardships<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A community project to protect Amur falcons from hunting in Nagaland, India, has remained successful throughout the Covid-19 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She is studying for a master\u2019s in Environmental Law, Policy and Governance at Birkbeck, University of London.","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/natalie-taylorthethirdpole-net\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/geetanjali-krishna\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20072119","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20000286"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20072119"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20072119\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20072120"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20072119"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20072119"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20072119"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=20072119"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=20072119"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}