{"id":20075758,"date":"2021-07-12T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-07-12T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=75758"},"modified":"2021-08-17T23:34:47","modified_gmt":"2021-08-17T18:04:47","slug":"drought-central-asia-water-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/drought-central-asia-water-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Central Asian drought highlights water vulnerability"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>A severe drought in Central Asia is causing mass livestock die-offs and shortages of water for irrigation. In two provinces of Kazakhstan, more than 2,000 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rferl.org\/a\/central-asian-drought-water-shortages\/31324012.html\">domesticated animals<\/a> have died due to lack of water and forage. In Kyrgyzstan, farmers have staged <a href=\"https:\/\/24.kg\/english\/197983_Lack_of_irrigation_water_Farmers_protest_in_Chui_region\/\">multiple protests<\/a> in the northern region of Chui because of a lack of water to irrigate their crops. The farmers say they are on the verge of losing this season\u2019s harvest if the authorities do not supply them with water.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Distressing videos, such as this one sourced from the news portal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lada.kz\/\">Lada.kz<\/a>, and used with their permission, show the difficult state of livestock in the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"\u0414\u0436\u0443\u0442\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/OASCG0JVCGI?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Similarly, water shortages in Uzbekistan have&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/rus.ozodlik.org\/a\/31326680.html\">resulted<\/a>&nbsp;in lost harvests and rising prices for seasonal vegetables.&nbsp;The drought in Uzbekistan\u2019s Samarkand region has&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gazeta.uz\/ru\/2021\/06\/07\/water\/\">disrupted<\/a>&nbsp;the supply of drinking water: lack of precipitation and the low water level of the Zarafshan River caused a drop&nbsp;in the groundwater level. The Uzbek authorities have&nbsp;enforced water&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/kun.uz\/ru\/news\/2021\/06\/08\/v-samarkande-ogranichili-podachu-vody-iz-za-yeye-defitsita\">rationing<\/a>&nbsp;in Samarkand city, limiting public consumption to prevent a greater supply crisis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Turkmenistan, a regional weather website&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/meteojurnal.ru\/zasuhi\/v-ahale-nablyudaetsya-samaya-silnaya-za-poslednie-13-let-i-samaya-prodolzhitelnaya-ekstremalnaya-zasuha-za-poslednie-20-let\/\">reported<\/a>&nbsp;that&nbsp;this year\u2019s drought&nbsp;in the southern and southeastern districts of the Ahal region is already the worst extreme weather event in 13 years. This is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hronikatm.com\/2021\/06\/poor-pastures\/\">causing<\/a> low pasture yields and a reduction in fodder for livestock.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20045602\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/joc.6197\">2019 article<\/a> in the International Journal of Climatology identified this as a rising trend. Heatwaves and droughts have increased in frequency over the last century, particularly after the 1990s. New records will be set and broken as these trends continue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The drought has arrived as the region grapples with the third wave of Covid-19 amid low rates of vaccination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-central-asian-drought-highlights-changing-weather-patterns\">Central Asian drought highlights changing weather patterns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ben Orlove, a senior research scientist at the Earth Institute of Columbia Climate School, told The Third Pole&nbsp;that recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0169809519314887\">studies<\/a> point to shifts in precipitation patterns in the Tian Shan mountains. These supply Central Asia with much of its freshwater for irrigation and pasture. \u201cAs the climate in the mountains warms, more of the precipitation falls as rain, rather than as snow,\u201d Orlove said. \u201cThis shift is unfortunate, since snow melts slowly in the spring and summer, providing steady runoff, while rain typically runs off more quickly.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He added: \u201cMoreover \u2013 as the climate warms \u2013 pastures, crops and livestock all require more water for their survival, just at&nbsp;the time when water is becoming scarcer.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Climate change also means precipitation is more variable from year to year. There will be more years of drought, with some years of heavier precipitation. \u201cThis variation often exceeds the capacity of reservoirs to provide a buffer of stored water which could compensate for these fluctuations,\u201d Orlove said.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20071807\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>A recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2071-1050\/13\/7\/3992\">study<\/a> by Chinese scientists analysed snow cover in the Tian Shan mountains and how it is changing. They concluded that the snow line is moving upward across most of the Tian Shan range. \u201cThis is an expected response to climate change,\u201d said William Colgan, senior researcher at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, a research and advisory institution, commenting on the study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cFor the glaciers of the Tian Shan, this means that the healthy zone, or net accumulation area [of snow coverage], is migrating upwards \u2013 year-round snow cover is clearly retreating to the highest elevations.&nbsp;Such a clear snow line response to climate change during the past two decades suggests that we can expect even more striking snow line retreat over the next two decades, when climate change will be more pronounced,\u201d Colgan said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-story-image block--story-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--story-image__column\"><div class=\"block--story-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DT619F.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DT619F-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DT619F-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DT619F-1400x933.jpg 1400w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DT619F-1800x1200.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DT619F.jpg\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 999px) 1024px, (max-width: 1400px) 1400px, (max-width: 2000px) 2000px, 2500px\" alt=\"Cows walk through the ship graveyard near the former port of Moynaq on the Aral Sea, Uzbekistan (image: Alamy)\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--story-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--story-image__caption\">Cows walk through the ship graveyard near the former port of Moynaq on the Aral Sea, Uzbekistan (Image: Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/07\/DT619F.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"2 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1666\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2500\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Unfortunately, the region has an uninspiring history when it comes to dealing with environmental threats. The destruction of the Aral Sea has an ongoing negative impact on \u201cregional microclimate and human health\u201d, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/site\/assets\/uploads\/2019\/08\/2d.-Chapter-3_FINAL.pdf\">according<\/a>&nbsp;to the United Nations\u2019 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It states that salinisation resulting from the lake drying up meant 57% of croplands in Kazakhstan and about 20% in Kyrgyzstan lost productivity between 1982 and 2006. About 58% of grasslands in the region lost their vegetation productivity between 1999 and 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-avoid-regional-tensions-during-times-of-scarcity\">Avoid regional tensions during times of scarcity<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Water remains a highly contested commodity in Central Asia. This was spotlighted in late April when Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan&nbsp;engaged&nbsp;in hostilities after a fierce local water dispute on the undemarcated border.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20073372\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>A 2017 report funded by the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/carececo.org\/Rethinking%20Water%20in%20Central%20Asia.pdf\">stated that<\/a>&nbsp;\u201cdespite a general commitment to cooperation, water policies in the region are mostly driven by uncoordinated national strategies. A combination of low water efficiency, negative externalities caused by unilateral action and competing national priorities have caused disagreements and contributed to political and diplomatic disputes between Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan.\u201d The report calculated the cost of inaction to improve water management in Central Asia amounts to USD 4.5 billion every year.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Researchers and experts believe that Central Asian governments still have options to mitigate extreme weather events in the region. \u201cThere are many options available to individual governments. They can&nbsp;support&nbsp;water-saving technologies. They can expand crop and livestock insurance (tied to seasonal and annual weather forecasts), which can support producers to make decisions that conserve water resources. They can promote land-use practices which conserve soil moisture. Such programmes are more effective when they are carried out in full collaboration with local organisations and communities,\u201d said Orlove.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indeed, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0048969721017885\">the latest study<\/a> on long-term vegetation change in the western Tian Shan mountains states that changing precipitation patterns and grazing pressure have an \u201cimportant management and ecological implications for Central Asian mountain grassland ecosystem properties\u201d. It recommends crops are chosen on the basis of adaptability to environmental changes, and land-use changes are promoted that help ecosystem function in mountain pastures.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As parts of the region experience the worst drought in 13 years, experts say Central Asian governments must urgently look at options to mitigate extreme weather events<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2194,"featured_media":20075759,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761,50039903],"tags":[519,543,50040707,607],"hashtags":[],"country":[20028672,20027586,50040741,20027811],"class_list":["post-20075758","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-water","tag-climate-impacts","tag-extreme-weather","tag-the-third-pole","tag-water-scarcity","country-kazakhstan","country-kyrgyzstan","country-turkmenistan","country-uzbekistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Central Asian drought highlights water vulnerability | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Central Asian drought highlights the rise in heatwaves 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