{"id":20080371,"date":"2021-11-02T21:18:20","date_gmt":"2021-11-02T15:48:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=80371"},"modified":"2021-11-09T15:52:37","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T10:22:37","slug":"roundtable-experts-break-down-indias-net-zero-pledge","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/roundtable-experts-break-down-indias-net-zero-pledge\/","title":{"rendered":"Roundtable: Experts break down India\u2019s net-zero pledge"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi grabbed headlines on 1 November at COP26 with an announcement that <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/india-cop26-crucial-summit-starts\/\">India will be net-zero by 2070.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He also revealed a number of near-term pledges, the most ambitious of which is to reduce carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes by 2030.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition, by the end of this decade half of India\u2019s energy will come from renewables, and the carbon intensity of its economy will be reduced by 45%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/7707734\/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe><div style=\"width:100%!;margin-top:4px!important;text-align:right!important;\"><a class=\"flourish-credit\" href=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/7707734\/?utm_source=embed&amp;utm_campaign=visualisation\/7707734\" target=\"_top\" style=\"text-decoration:none!important\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The highlights from Modi\u2019s speech were:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 500 GW of installed non-fossil energy capacity by 2030<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 50% of energy to from renewables by 2030<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 A reduction in carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes by 2030<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 The emissions intensity of India\u2019s economy to fall by 45% by 2030<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 India will be net-zero by 2070<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 USD 1 trillion in climate finance for developing countries is required<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Climate <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/missing-finance-developing-countries-cop26\/\">finance<\/a> needs to be tracked like mitigation, pressure needs to be placed on those not meeting finance commitments<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We asked experts and analysts for their take on India\u2019s pledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-india-is-now-the-biggest-lab-for-growth-in-the-world\">\u2018India is now the biggest lab for growth in the world\u2019 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Omair Ahmad, managing editor South Asia, The Third Pole<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image alignright block--article-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/omair-pic-SH-768x710-3-300x300-1.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/omair-pic-SH-768x710-3-300x300-1.jpeg 300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 300px\" alt=\"Omair Ahmad, The Third Pole\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/omair-pic-SH-768x710-3-300x300-1.jpeg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"23 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"300\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"300\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>People don\u2019t realise how big India\u2019s net-zero pledge is. In one stroke, you have a country representing 17% of the global population, and with a per capita income of USD 2,200, committing to essentially a whole new pattern of growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The US figure of per capita emissions is quite stark, but even China\u2019s development model followed that carbon model. India will have to invent a whole new way of progress to achieve this target, and that will be immensely challenging. With this statement, we have become the biggest laboratory for growth in the world. Can it be green, can it be sustainable? Is it realistic? These are questions we need to keep asking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That said, India has its own reasons to make a net-zero pledge. Firstly, because we have the most polluted cities in the world and too many people are dying. Second, we need to figure out how marginalised communities can be part of this growth model, so we need funds. Commitments like this attract big money and India needs that money to transition. If we shut down coal mines, we need to figure out other forms of employment. Any such decision needs both buy-in and enthusiasm from state governments in India, and that will only happen if specific components of the green transition are shown to be a pathway to jobs and prosperity. The central government and bureaucracy cannot achieve such targets on their own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-indian-enterprise-will-push-net-zero-into-action\">\u2018Indian enterprise will push net zero into action\u2019 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Kiran Kumar Alla, energy sector professional<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image alignleft block--article-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_20190128_121952_2_Original-scaled.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_20190128_121952_2_Original-768x1117.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_20190128_121952_2_Original-704x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_20190128_121952_2_Original-scaled.jpeg 1760w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 1760px\" alt=\"Kiran Kumar Alla\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/IMG_20190128_121952_2_Original-scaled.jpeg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"297 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"1760\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Prime Minister Modi definitely took a very tactful step in announcing a 2070 net-zero target. By setting a target 10 years after China, India shows that it is not behind in aiming high.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Is it practical? Anything is possible, given that it&#8217;s a long time in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>How will this become possible? It&#8217;s a question that will be answered by India\u2019s private enterprise, and how it will invest and move this forward. It is a major goal, and will give a vision to both the public and private enterprises, central and state bureaucracies. Obviously there is no clarity at this point or an exact path, but ultimately Indian enterprise will push this into action. By this announcement Modi has taken the spotlight [off] India and put the developed countries on [the] spot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One could argue that India will have less time from peak emissions to net zero compared with developed countries. But India is most vulnerable in terms of climate, livelihood and the number of people involved. It is in India\u2019s interest to do the transition to clean energy both saving itself and leading the world. There is a challenge about retiring coal etc. But the solar capacity build up in India offers a very good example, India took all the help that was available and made progress, it may not be perfect but it made significant progress. Even if net zero seems impossible right now, for the first time India committed to net zero and this will provide the policy direction that industry needs to make it happen. We will see industries pivoting away from coal towards other solutions, even in bits and pieces to begin with. If India follows up the declaration with the right policy measures, technology players would be more than willing to invest in India mainly due to size and then the policy clarity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-an-opportunity-to-accelerate-the-low-carbon-transition\">\u2018An opportunity to accelerate the low-carbon transition\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Chirag Gajjar, head of subnational climate action, World Resources Institute India&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image alignright block--article-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chirag-gajjar-02.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chirag-gajjar-02.jpeg 180w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 180px\" alt=\"Chirag Gajjar\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/chirag-gajjar-02.jpeg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"6 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"180\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"180\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the IPCC&#8217;s landmark 2018 report, to stay within 2 degrees Celsius [of global warming above pre-industrial levels], global CO2 emissions need to decline by about 25% by 2030 from 2010 and reach net zero around 2070. India&#8217;s 2070 net-zero goal will build on its new 2030 targets with massive capacity growth for renewables in the electricity generation sector. The net-zero goal could also disrupt fossil-heavy industries, but it will also be an opportunity to accelerate transition to low-carbon economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-india-wants-burden-of-accelerating-energy-transition-to-fall-more-on-developed-countries\">\u2018India wants burden of accelerating energy transition to fall more on developed countries\u2019 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Vibhuti Garg, energy economist and India lead, Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image alignleft block--article-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Vibhuti_Gargh.jpeg.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Vibhuti_Gargh.jpeg.jpg 400w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 400px\" alt=\"Vibhuti Garg\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Vibhuti_Gargh.jpeg.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"31 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"400\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"400\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>India has pledged to increase the share of electricity generation from renewable energy sources to 50% by 2030. This would also reduce the emissions intensity of the economy by at least 45% from its 2005 levels. India is leading on climate action, it is doing more than its fair share. And has now also committed to reaching net-zero emissions by 2070.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>India is rightly asking for climate justice and asking developed nations to fulfill their promise of providing tech transfer and finance. In the past, developed nations have failed to fulfill their promise. India wants that expectation of such pledges [to] be based on principles of equity and common but differentiated responsibility, where the burden of accelerating the energy transition should fall more on the developed world in terms of timeline, and they should also facilitate tech transfer and finance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-india-has-put-ball-in-court-of-developed-world\">\u2018India has put ball in court of developed world\u2019 <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Arunabha Ghosh, chief executive, Council on Energy, Environment and Water<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image alignright block--article-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arunabha-Ghosh-large.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arunabha-Ghosh-large.jpeg 674w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 674px\" alt=\"Arunabha Ghosh \"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Arunabha-Ghosh-large.jpeg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"212 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"448\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"674\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>India has clearly put the ball in the court of the developed world. This is real climate action. Now India demands USD 1 trillion in climate finance as soon as possible, and will monitor not just climate action but also climate finance. Most importantly, India has called once again for a change in lifestyle. If we cannot fix how we live, we can\u2019t fix how we live on this planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decarbonisation-strategy-is-essential\">\u2018Decarbonisation strategy is essential\u2019&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Apurba Mitra, head of national climate policy, World Resources Institute India<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image alignleft block--article-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Apurba.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Apurba.jpeg 180w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 180px\" alt=\"Apurba Mitra\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Apurba.jpeg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"7 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"180\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"180\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A comprehensive long-term decarbonisation strategy comprised of a strong and coordinated set of inclusive policies and actions needs to be implemented comprehensively across all critical sectors. There may be various trade-offs we encounter in the process that must be countered with the use of policies that balance these trade-offs. For example, a carbon tax&nbsp;phased in in a suitable manner to offset declining government tax revenues as a result of decarbonisation could be essential to enhance GDP and jobs within the economy[\u2026] <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Delivering on net-zero would also eventually mean mobilising finance for carbon capture and storage deployment in the long term. This is challenging because CCS can only be economical if the resulting carbon can be utilised to produce high-value products given that it is a costly process. And careful storage of the resulting carbon is also challenging.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2018Can we limit warming to 1.5C with India\u2019s target?\u2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Shruti Sharma, senior policy advisor<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image alignright block--article-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Shruti-0001-scaled-e1635870356213.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Shruti-0001-scaled-e1635870356213-768x611.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Shruti-0001-scaled-e1635870356213-1024x815.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Shruti-0001-scaled-e1635870356213.jpg 1689w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 1689px\" alt=\"Shruti Sharma\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Shruti-0001-scaled-e1635870356213.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"229 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1344\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"1689\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>India\u2019s net-zero commitment is a positive and significant commitment signalling the seriousness of working on decarbonising, and is supported by pathways in which the outcomes are quite achievable. In terms of pathways, PM Modi stressed two broad outputs for net zero: 1) faster transition towards clean energy \u2013 we already had a target of 450 GW of which 100 GW was achieved in August this year and 2) a decrease in energy intensity, which has been decreasing since 2005. As always, the devil is in the details.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What is interesting in this commitment is that it is made for net zero but with a target of 2070. Will it be possible to achieve a limit on [global] warming of 1.5C with India reaching net-zero by this date? It is complicated to answer this question, but the hunch of many is, \u2018We\u2019re not so sure!\u2019 Secondly, many of these targets \u2013 increased RE uptake, decreasing energy intensity \u2013 were being undertaken independently for the last few years, without the net-zero branding. So perhaps when we assess the target date and track progress, we may find there is room for greater ambition when assessing if more can be done. The big question is making sure that this commitment, and any further hikes in ambition, can be met in the spirit of climate justice. While 2070 is very far away, this target assumes we will peak fossil fuel use somewhere between 2035 and 2040 \u2013 a very significant near-term target. Expect more details soon on sub-national targets and sectoral net-zero targets, along with private sector participation!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Does India\u2019s big announcement raise hope? Or is it too far into the future? How will a developing country reliant on fossil fuels for growth deliver such a pledge? Our panel of experts discuss<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000286,"featured_media":20080408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761,757],"tags":[17073,544,585],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20080371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","category-energy","tag-energy-transition","tag-finance","tag-renewables","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>India\u2019s net-zero announcement: expert analysis | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A panel of experts answers questions raised by the announcement yesterday that India will be net-zero by 2070\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/roundtable-experts-break-down-indias-net-zero-pledge\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Roundtable: Experts break down India\u2019s net-zero pledge\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Does India\u2019s big announcement raise hope? Or is it too far into the future? How will a developing country reliant on fossil fuels for growth deliver such a pledge? Our panel of experts discuss\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/roundtable-experts-break-down-indias-net-zero-pledge\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-11-02T15:48:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-11-09T10:22:37+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Narendra-Modi-Boris-Johnson-World-Leaders-Summit-COP26-Glasgow.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Natalie Taylor\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Roundtable: Experts break down India\u2019s net-zero pledge\" \/>\n<script 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