{"id":20080654,"date":"2021-11-16T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-11-16T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=80654"},"modified":"2021-11-16T00:27:43","modified_gmt":"2021-11-15T18:57:43","slug":"india-energy-transition-after-cop26","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/india-energy-transition-after-cop26\/","title":{"rendered":"After COP26: India\u2019s crucial decade"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The science is clear. For a chance to keep global warming within 1.5 degrees Celsius as stated in the Paris Agreement, global emissions have to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/sr15\/chapter\/spm\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nearly halve by 2030<\/a>, compared with 2010 levels, before reaching net zero by 2050.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While a certain amount of future warming <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/science-foresees-fires-and-floods-in-hotter-world-but-holds-out-hope\/\">is already locked <\/a>in due to past emissions, the next decade will make or break the most hopeful future climate scenario. For India, the world\u2019s third-largest emitter and still one of the poorest countries by GDP per capita, this means squaring decarbonisation and development, with the additional challenge of the pandemic recovery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi\u2019s administration entered this year\u2019s UN climate talks with a set of <a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=1768712\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">fresh clean energy goals<\/a> and a net-zero target for 2070, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/india-news\/cop-26-won-t-revise-official-climate-pledge-till-financing-clear-says-indian-delegate-101636483688856.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reportedly conditional<\/a> to the availability of a trillion dollars in financial assistance. While it\u2019s clear that Modi wants as much of India\u2019s new energy demand as possible to be <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/beyond-net-zero-2070-india-climate-pledges-explained\/\">met by renewable sources<\/a>, the negotiating team made no mention of a move away from fossil fuels. Instead, it imposed a last-minute change in the final version of the <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/cop26_auv_2f_cover_decision.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Glasgow Climate Pact<\/a>, to reflect its dissent from a coal phase-out target, proposing coal \u2018phasedown\u2019 as an alternative:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Glasgow-Climate-Pact-fossil-fuel-text.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Glasgow-Climate-Pact-fossil-fuel-text.png 643w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 643px\" alt=\"The paragraph on fossil fuels in the Glasgow Climate Pact\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/cop26_auv_2f_cover_decision.pdf\">Glasgow Climate Pact<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/Glasgow-Climate-Pact-fossil-fuel-text.png\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"191 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"152\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"643\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Beyond the discontent it caused in the <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/tag\/cop26\/\">COP26<\/a> plenary, India\u2019s stance is part of a coherent strategy that it will now have to translate into practical actions at home. Whether it agrees to further upgrade its targets in 2022, as suggested in the Glasgow resolution, or chooses to stick to what it has promised this year, India\u2019s road ahead will be charted by a patchwork of forces extending well beyond the UN negotiating rooms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The choice to oppose a call for coal phase-out \u201cties into the larger climate equity stance that India has been taking\u201d, says Anya Bharadwaj, analyst at the National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF), a sovereign wealth fund set up by the government of India in 2015. \u201cIt\u2019s a way to also protect our economy, because a complete phase-out of fossil fuel at this stage would mean an immediate rewiring of our entire industrial base,\u201d she explains, \u201cand I think that needs to happen more gradually.\u201d She adds that historically India has taken its climate commitments very seriously, and would not promise something that is not realistic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-preparing-for-a-just-transition\">Preparing for a just transition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sandeep Pai, a senior researcher at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington DC, says that India needs to be given \u2018carbon space\u2019 to meet its development needs. A 2070 net-zero target is welcome, but the details still need to be worked out: \u201cWhen do we peak our emissions, and from there how do we go down? Now, that part is linked to what happens to the coal sector going forward,\u201d he says.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the coming decade, India has no plans to reduce its coal output; it will instead build clean energy capacity on top of what\u2019s already there. But there are a couple of things it should do to prepare for the inevitable move away from coal, to make sure it doesn\u2019t create a shock to the economy and \u2013 more importantly \u2013 Indian society, says Pai. The first thing to do even before coal decline starts is economic diversification: \u201cyou can start to attract new industries, investments in [coal-dependent] states like Jharkhand, or Chhattisgarh and Telangana\u201d, he explains. Another measure that could be rolled out within this decade is the cleanup of existing legacy mines that the coal industry has exploited and left behind. \u201cCleaning up those places will help generate investments but also create local jobs.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-decarbonising-agriculture\">Decarbonising agriculture<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>India\u2019s climate pledges in Glasgow offer more clarity around the additional clean energy infrastructure that will meet new demand, says Bharadwaj, with 500GW of renewable energy, up from 450, and 50% of its total electricity coming from renewable sources by the end of the decade. However, \u201cso far we&#8217;ve only been focusing on <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/energy\/osowog-promises-pitfalls-indias-global-grid-plan\/\">grid-scale electricity targets<\/a>\u201d, she says, which don\u2019t capture some of the most polluting sectors such as construction, transportation and agriculture.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20063828\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAgriculture itself accounts for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.orfonline.org\/expert-speak\/indias-decisive-decade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">1 billion tonnes<\/a> of India\u2019s 3.5 billion tonnes of carbon,\u201d she says. \u201cSo the way we have a National Electric Mobility Plan, we should have a central National Agricultural Decarbonisation Plan which encourages states with incentives and various schemes.\u201d India has a range of subsidies for the agricultural sector, Bharadwaj explains. \u201cMany of those can be modified through the lens of a green transition.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But while missing from the COP26 announcement, carbon-intensive sectors such as heavy industries and agriculture may well be the field where the race to 2030 is won or lost, according to Rahul Walawalkar, president of the India Energy Storage Alliance and adviser to the Central Electricity Regulatory Commission (CERC).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-setting-up-the-ecosystem\">Setting up the ecosystem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The government can provide direction and remove barriers via subsidies and incentives, but ultimately India\u2019s energy transition will be driven by industry, Walawalkar says. \u201cMy hope is that the energy transition will unfold much faster than politicians or bureaucrats are thinking right now,\u201d he says. \u201cIt\u2019s like what happened with smartphones in India, no one expected that penetration would grow as fast back in 2015.\u201d In the case of mobile phones, a mix of technical and commercial factors were all heading in the right direction, Walawalkar says, and consumers responded.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Storage and hydrogen technologies seem to be on a similar path. Combined with renewables, batteries are becoming more cost-effective than buying power from the distribution utility for the commercial industrial sector, which makes up 30-35% of India\u2019s energy consumption, Walawalkar explains. By 2025, India will have set up several <a href=\"https:\/\/www.news18.com\/news\/tech\/explained-what-are-gigafactories-and-rils-big-plan-to-build-four-of-them-3887561.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">gigafactories<\/a>, or manufacturing facilities producing batteries, solar panels, fuel cells and electrolysers for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.energy.gov\/eere\/fuelcells\/hydrogen-production-electrolysis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">production of green hydrogen<\/a> using renewable sources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20076169\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike other countries, where hydrogen is pitched as a solution for small vehicles or other sectors in which it would compete with, and lose against, other renewable technologies, \u201cIndia is betting on using almost 95% of its green hydrogen in the industrial and agricultural sectors,\u201d Walawalkar says, \u201cfor applications such as fertilisers, steel and petroleum refineries,\u201d in a way that will complement renewable growth rather than stifling it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A combination of batteries and hydrogen technologies will generate a huge amount of additional demand, he adds. \u201cWithout green hydrogen in the picture, our analysis showed that 450 gigawatt of renewable capacity would have been almost impossible for India to build.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Walawalkar believes that within the next 10 years, today\u2019s decarbonisation challenges are going to become an economic opportunity rather than a burden. \u201cThe way I see it, if we involve big businesses in this transition, and not just the government,\u201d he says, \u201cthere is a good chance for India to become a real contender in the solutions part and not just a follower and adopter of technologies.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This article was first published by <a href=\"https:\/\/lightson.news\/c\/post-cop26-indias-crucial-decade\">Lights On<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What needs to happen for the world\u2019s third-largest emitter to meet its targets?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000286,"featured_media":20080661,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[17073,547,585],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20080654","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-energy-transition","tag-fossil-fuels","tag-renewables","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - 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She is studying for a master\u2019s in Environmental Law, Policy and Governance at Birkbeck, University of London.","url":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/natalie-taylorthethirdpole-net\/","sameAs":["https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/author\/lou-del-bello\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20080654","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/20000286"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=20080654"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/20080654\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20080661"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=20080654"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=20080654"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=20080654"},{"taxonomy":"hashtags","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/hashtags?post=20080654"},{"taxonomy":"country","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/country?post=20080654"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}