{"id":20081259,"date":"2021-12-08T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2021-12-08T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=81259"},"modified":"2022-07-11T10:57:14","modified_gmt":"2022-07-11T05:27:14","slug":"how-bangladesh-is-beating-the-odds-on-climate-disaster-deaths","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/how-bangladesh-is-beating-the-odds-on-climate-disaster-deaths\/","title":{"rendered":"How Bangladesh is beating the odds on climate disaster deaths"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">When Cyclone Bhola hit what is now present-day Bangladesh in 1970, it killed 300,000 to 500,000 people. Among the dead were 52 of Abul Kashem\u2019s relatives, swept away by what is still considered the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/view\/journals\/wcas\/9\/3\/wcas-d-16-0120_1.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">deadliest storm ever recorded<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI had to start my life from zero,\u201d Kashem, now 80, told The New Humanitarian from his home in Dalalkandi, a village on the coast of Bangladesh about 360 kilometres south of the capital, Dhaka.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-did-you-know alignright block--did-you-know\"><p class=\"block--did-you-know__title\">Editor&#8217;s note<\/p><div class=\"block--did-you-know__content\"><p>This article was\u00a0originally published\u00a0by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/investigation\/2021\/12\/2\/how-Bangladesh-is-beating-the-odds-on-climate-disaster-deaths\">The New Humanitarian<\/a>, a news agency specialised in reporting humanitarian crises.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>A lot has changed since Bhola struck in 1970.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/interactive.thenewhumanitarian.org\/stories\/2020\/bangladesh-amphan-hidden-climate-costs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bangladesh\u2019s<\/a>&nbsp;population has&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">more than doubled<\/a>, and global heating has triggered even more frequent extreme events in the country \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/germanwatch.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Global%20Climate%20Risk%20Index%202021_1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one of the world\u2019s most vulnerable<\/a>&nbsp;when it comes to weather-driven disasters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bangladesh, however, has also drastically reduced its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/rmets.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/joc.4035\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cyclone-related deaths<\/a>, by more than 100 fold since 1970 \u2013 an accomplishment noted in disaster risk reduction circles and backed up by a data-driven investigation by The New Humanitarian.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The six-month investigation, which combined analyses of risk and resilience datasets with on-the-ground reporting, also identified other \u201cpositive outliers\u201d \u2013 countries with similar disaster risk and economic profiles that have been surprisingly successful at reducing deaths. Among them were Cuba, Indonesia, Mozambique, the Philippines and Vietnam.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-map-embed block--map-embed\"><div class=\"block--map-embed__column\"><div class=\"block--map-embed__embed aspect-ratio--16-9\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/GcF7R\/6\/\"><\/iframe><\/div><div class=\"block--map-embed__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--map-embed__caption\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Although worldwide death tolls from <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/hub\/climate-disasters\/\">climate-related disasters<\/a> have dropped over the years \u2013 partly because of technological advances that include weather satellites and alerts sent to mobile phones \u2013 Bangladesh provides a case study of good practices, especially for wealthier countries that are increasingly facing new climate risks.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2021\/jul\/19\/german-villages-could-be-left-with-no-drinking-water-after-floods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Germany<\/a>, for example, experienced unusually high rainfall in July \u2013 a rare event made up to nine times more likely by climate change, according to a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldweatherattribution.org\/heavy-rainfall-which-led-to-severe-flooding-in-western-europe-made-more-likely-by-climate-change\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">study<\/a>&nbsp;by the World Weather Attribution initiative, which measures the role of climate change in such events. Slow to warn people about potential floods, Germany\u2019s death toll from the flash flooding was at least 180. Record rainfall also caught Canada off guard in November, displacing about 17,000 people and causing widespread damage&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2021\/11\/21\/canada-flooding-climate-change.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">in British Columbia<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20073616\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/interactive.thenewhumanitarian.org\/stories\/2020\/bangladesh-amphan-hidden-climate-costs\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bangladesh<\/a>&nbsp;still struggles to <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/hub\/climate-adaptation\/\">minimise damage<\/a> from storms \u2013 a factor that has contributed to an uptick in migration, mostly from coastal areas to cities \u2013 but it has reduced deaths by using a multi-layered early warning system, a vast network of cyclone shelters, a large volunteer programme whose force is 50% women, and storm-aware curricula that begin early in schools.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although it\u2019s not considered a world leader in disaster risk reduction \u2013 countries such as&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/opinion\/2021\/3\/15\/Japans-disaster-lessons-arent-just-about-expensive-hardware\">Japan<\/a>&nbsp;have had notable successes but also have larger economies \u2013 Bangladesh still offers a model of good practices for other countries around the world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe title=\"Deaths from natural hazards (1970-2019)\" aria-label=\"Grouped Bars\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-oVFe5\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/oVFe5\/3\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"444\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var a in e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][a]+\"px\"}}}))}();<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p>For starters, Bangladesh earmarks a larger proportion of its own finances to tackle climate problems than many developing countries.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Since 2010, for example, the Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (BCCTF) has channelled domestic funds \u2013 approximately&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/views\/opinion\/news\/using-our-climate-funds-right-2169201\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">USD 450 million as of 2021<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 to climate-related projects across the country. According to the country\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/mof.portal.gov.bd\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/mof.portal.gov.bd\/page\/6e496a5b_f5c1_447b_bbb4_257a2d8a97a1\/Budget%20Book%20English%20Version%2001_06_2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Climate Budget Report<\/a>, more than 7% of the national budget was allocated to tackling climate change between 2021 and 2022.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By comparison, Indonesia \u2013 which also ranked well in The New Humanitarian\u2019s analysis of countries successfully reducing cyclone-related deaths \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.id.undp.org\/content\/indonesia\/en\/home\/presscenter\/pressreleases\/2020\/Fiscal-Policy-Agency.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">allocated 3.5% and 4.9%<\/a>&nbsp;of its government budget to climate change activities in 2016 and 2018, respectively.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/niccdies.climate.gov.ph\/files\/documents\/Climate%20Budget%20Brief-GAA%20v2.1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Philippines<\/a>, meanwhile, dedicated 6.2% of its national budget to climate change in 2021.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe used to lose lives by the hundreds of thousands,\u201d Saleemul Huq, director of the International Centre for Climate Change and Development (ICCCAD) in Dhaka, told The New Humanitarian in August. \u201cWe still have floods and cyclones that cause a lot of damage, but we don\u2019t lose lives any more.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-early-warnings\">Early warnings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cyclone Bhola took many by surprise, including Rahela Khatun, who lost her three children.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe were not warned that Bhola was coming,\u201d Khatun, now 72, told The New Humanitarian from Sakuchia, a village 300 kilometres south of Dhaka.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20066630\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1970, Bangladesh&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/view\/journals\/bams\/52\/6\/1520-0477_1971_052_0438_tdtcih_2_0_co_2.xml?tab_body=pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">had only two coastal radars<\/a>, which monitored storms situated less than 200 miles from its shores.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The country also relied on satellite images issued by other agencies, such as the US-based National Earth Satellite Center (NESC), but communication delays meant that images reached the country \u2013 then called East Pakistan \u2013&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.ametsoc.org\/view\/journals\/bams\/52\/6\/1520-0477_1971_052_0438_tdtcih_2_0_co_2.xml?tab_body=pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">up to 23 hours after<\/a>&nbsp;the pictures were taken, as was the case with Bhola.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bangladesh now&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:812210\/FULLTEXT01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">collects meteorological data<\/a>&nbsp;through a network of more than 50 weather stations, balloons and radars.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a member of the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">World Meteorological Organization<\/a>&nbsp;(WMO), it also receives information from other national and regional meteorological offices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bangladesh\u2019s weather agency feeds forecasts to national and local disaster mitigation committees, which send early warnings that involve multiple layers: radio announcements, targeted text messages to people who may be affected, television alerts, announcements broadcast over speakers in mosques, and volunteers going door to door.&nbsp;<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe title=\"Deaths from cyclones in Bangladesh (1970-2020) \" aria-label=\"chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-nOLiG\" src=\"https:\/\/datawrapper.dwcdn.net\/nOLiG\/7\/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"444\"><\/iframe><script type=\"text\/javascript\">!function(){\"use strict\";window.addEventListener(\"message\",(function(e){if(void 0!==e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"]){var t=document.querySelectorAll(\"iframe\");for(var a in e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"])for(var r=0;r<t.length;r++){if(t[r].contentWindow===e.source)t[r].style.height=e.data[\"datawrapper-height\"][a]+\"px\"}}}))}();<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p>Warning signals are also communicated to seaports and updated every 15 or 30 minutes, depending on the level of warning. Warning levels are ranked on a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/modmr.gov.bd\/sites\/default\/files\/files\/modmr.portal.gov.bd\/policies\/7a9f5844_76c0_46f6_9d8a_5e176d2510b9\/SOD%202019%20_English_FINAL.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">scale of one to 11<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 one to four for a precautionary warning, five to seven for danger, and eight to 11 for great danger.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each level triggers a series of measures and messages for the community, from preparing battery-run radios and torch lights, to evacuating to cyclone shelters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bangladesh&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.diva-portal.org\/smash\/get\/diva2:812210\/FULLTEXT01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">also uses targeted text messages and pre-recorded disaster alerts<\/a>, which people can listen to by dialling 1090.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Text messages have sometimes been&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20210912040727\/https:\/www.rappler.com\/moveph\/how-ndrrmc-issues-emergency-warnings-mobile-alerts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">criticised for arriving late<\/a>&nbsp;in other countries, such as the Philippines. Part of this has been attributed to how the alert is sent \u2013 there are two types of message broadcast systems, short messaging system (SMS) and cell broadcast service (CBS).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>CBS sends faster messages to mobile phones because it relies on pre-arranged cell sites without the need to register the phones. It also allows for location-specific alerts. But not every mobile phone enables CBS alerts by default, so authorities sometimes use slower SMSs, which can jam communications and generate delays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20075465\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>To overcome these limitations, countries need to multiply communication channels, according to a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/our-mandate\/focus-areas\/natural-hazards-and-disaster-risk-reduction\/mhews-checklist\/warning-dissemination-and-communication\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WMO checklist of best practices<\/a>. Bangladesh, for example, has started to use&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dhakatribune.com\/bangladesh\/2021\/10\/25\/people-to-get-flood-alerts-through-sms-from-now\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">push notifications<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 short alerts sent to mobile phones via the internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Although many countries in Southeast Asia have established early warning systems for storms, up until last year only&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/sites\/reliefweb.int\/files\/resources\/1252_9-October_en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">40%<\/a>&nbsp;of the WMO\u2019s 193 member states had a multi-hazards early warning system that identifies, monitors and warns against different types of hazards, such as storms, volcanic eruptions, or floods.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For example, Pakistan\u2019s&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/international\/world-news\/pakistan-lacks-effective-flood-warning-system-says-ndma-as-seasonal-torrential-rains-claim-134-lives\/articleshow\/77833315.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">National Disaster Management Authority<\/a>&nbsp;said it was still relying on outdated and often deficient meteorological and hydrological sensors, which sometimes prevented the country from issuing timely warnings for flash floods in certain regions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Early warnings have also been impacted by Pakistan\u2019s reliance on information shared by India about waterflow in its eastern rivers, which have their sources in India. This information is not always shared, Mahr Khan, chief meteorologist at the Provincial Disaster Management Authority in Punjab, told The New Humanitarian in November.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Female volunteers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Two years after Bhola struck, the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society launched a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/bdrcs.org\/cyclone-preparedness-programm-cpp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cyclone Preparedness Programme<\/a>&nbsp;(CPP) to ensure people were aware of warnings and could evacuate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Today, the programme has more than 200 staff and 76,000 volunteers \u2013 half of whom are women.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Shahida Begum started volunteering after losing her seven-year-old son Ibrahim during Cyclone Sidr, which killed some 3,500 people in 2007.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI will never forget that grief,\u201d she told The New Humanitarian. \u201cI became a volunteer so that other mothers in the village don\u2019t mourn like I did.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Volunteer gender parity \u2013 which has been in place since 2020 \u2013 has helped increase the safety of shelters for women, but it has also helped with evacuations. Because women are often in charge of taking care of families, they have typically been the last to evacuate, Ahmadul Haque, director of the CPP, told The New Humanitarian in October.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--undefined\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sjn-bangladesh-volunteers.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sjn-bangladesh-volunteers-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sjn-bangladesh-volunteers.jpeg 1000w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 1000px\" alt=\"The number of female cyclone deaths in Bangladesh has also plummeted, partially due to the country\u2019s volunteer corps that is comprised of 50 percent women (Image: Rafiqul Islam Montu\/TNH)\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">The number of female cyclone deaths in Bangladesh has also plummeted, partially due to the country\u2019s volunteer corps that is comprised of 50% women (Image: Rafiqul Islam Montu \/ TNH)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sjn-bangladesh-volunteers.jpeg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"153 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"667\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"1000\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Increasing the number of female volunteers is thought to have helped reduce deaths.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The ratio of cyclone deaths between males and females, for example, decreased from 14:1 in 1970, to 5:1 in 1991. Last year, that ratio was 1:1, according to the Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCyclone early warnings usually go to men in the community, because dissemination is often done in public places and women don\u2019t have access to mobile phones at the same level as men do,\u201d according to Dilruba Haider, programme specialist with UN Women.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Volunteers&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/bangladesh\/field-discussion-guide-cyclone-early-warning-procedures\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">use a set of coloured flags<\/a>: one flag for precaution, two for danger and three for great danger \u2013 as well as megaphones and hand-operated sirens.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other countries such as Indonesia, <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/pakistani-women-scale-the-heights-in-rescue-teams\/\">Pakistan<\/a> and the Philippines have similar volunteer programmes, but they tend to be smaller in scale and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/news-feature\/2018\/11\/05\/behind-indonesia-s-tsunami-response-patchwork-army-volunteers\">run by NGOs<\/a>. Bangladesh is also unusual in that it has a gender-parity policy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2021, the CPP started working on other hazards than cyclones. Now, volunteers are also trained to search urban areas after an earthquake, monitor high tides, or rescue people from drowning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multi-purpose shelters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When Bhola struck, in 1970, there&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2590061721000399\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">were only 44 operational cyclone shelters<\/a>&nbsp;for a population of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=BD\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">roughly 65 million<\/a>&nbsp;people.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the time Cyclone Gorky made landfall in 1991, killing about&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/public.wmo.int\/en\/our-mandate\/focus-areas\/natural-hazards-and-disaster-risk-reduction\/tropical-cyclones\/Notable-tcs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">140,000<\/a>&nbsp;people, the number of shelters had&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/097152159500200202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">increased to 512<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 providing protection to roughly 10% of the coastal population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now, Bangladesh has more than 14,000 shelters, which allowed around&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/report\/bangladesh\/bangladesh-cyclone-amphan-operation-update-report-mdrbd024-operation-update-n-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">2.4 million people to be evacuated<\/a>&nbsp;in 2020 during&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/fr\/node\/261440\">Cyclone Amphan<\/a>&nbsp;\u2013 the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.independent.co.uk\/news\/world\/asia\/cyclone-amphan-deaths-news-tracker-map-path-india-bangladesh-kolkata-a9525826.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">most powerful storm<\/a>&nbsp;to form on the Bay of Bengal since 1999, according to a report from the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe were warned of <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/cyclone-amphan-2\/\">Cyclone Amphan<\/a> by volunteers with flags and megaphones. We also heard alarms from the mosque\u2019s speakers,\u201d said Abdur Rahman Gazi, 48. \u201cMy family and I went to the shelter. Despite losing our home, we were able to save our lives.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-map-embed block--map-embed\"><div class=\"block--map-embed__column\"><div class=\"block--map-embed__embed aspect-ratio--16-9\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/8058634\/embed\"><\/iframe><\/div><div class=\"block--map-embed__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--map-embed__caption\">Precise geographical information on cyclone shelters was not updated after 2009, but shelters have continued to be built. During Cyclone Amphan in 2020, Bangladesh used more than 14.500 temporary and permanent cyclone shelters.<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Unlike earlier designs, new shelters are used and maintained throughout the year.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each building can accommodate&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/2475-8876.12177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">between 500 and 2,500 people<\/a>. The new multi-purpose shelters also have wheelchair access, segregated spaces for men and women, and even areas for farm animals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOne reason people didn\u2019t go to shelter before is that they didn\u2019t want to leave their animals behind,\u201d said Huq, from ICCCAD.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to a study comparing storm casualties in the region over 25 years, Bangladesh\u2019s shelter programme&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldscientific.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1142\/S2010007817500117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">reduced fatalities by 75%<\/a>&nbsp;between 1990 and 2015.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other neighbouring countries have been slower to build shelters.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2008, one year after Cyclone Sidr, a similar cyclone called Nargis killed more than&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/reliefweb.int\/map\/myanmar\/myanmar-natural-disaster-risks-and-past-events-31-may-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">140,000 people<\/a>&nbsp;in neighbouring Myanmar, partly due to a lack of shelters, according to a 2009 Nature&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/d1b10bmlvqabco.cloudfront.net\/attach\/jcqjal06x25eq\/hzrj531ehn4f8\/je61m1py7vt6\/Nargis_Myanmar_Fritz_ngeo558_combined.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">study<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Saving lives, not livelihoods<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/environment\/climate-crisis\/natural-disaster\/news\/ipcc-climate-report-grim-picture-painted-bangladesh-2148631\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bangladesh<\/a>&nbsp;is expected to face more Category 4 and 5 cyclones in the coming years, according to the latest&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/sixth-assessment-report-working-group-i\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">report<\/a>&nbsp;from the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change<\/a>&nbsp;(IPCC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20077730\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>And while the country is managing to reduce deaths, it continues to struggle with internal <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/hub\/climate-refugees\/\">displacement<\/a>, economic damage and loss of livelihood. <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/cyclone-amphan-2\/\">Cyclone Amphan<\/a>, for example, caused roughly USD 14 billion of damage to the region and destroyed more than 176,000 hectares of agricultural land in Bangladesh, according to a&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/library.wmo.int\/index.php?lvl=notice_display&amp;id=21977#.YXeq2dnP3X0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WMO report<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTens of thousands of people could not go back home [after Amphan],\u201d Huq told The New Humanitarian. \u201cTheir houses were destroyed, their crops were salinated with sea water. Many of them have ended up in the slums of Dhaka.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--undefined\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sjn-bangladesh-mud.jpeg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sjn-bangladesh-mud-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sjn-bangladesh-mud.jpeg 1000w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 1000px\" alt=\"Women repair embankments damaged by Cyclone Fani in the coastal area of Khulna district in Bangladesh (Image: Zakir Hossain Chowdhury\/TNH)\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Women repair embankments damaged by Cyclone Fani in the coastal area of Khulna district in Bangladesh (Image: Zakir Hossain Chowdhury \/ TNH)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/sjn-bangladesh-mud.jpeg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"161 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"667\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"1000\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhile we can save their lives, we have not been successful in saving their livelihoods.\"<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Approximately&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.internal-displacement.org\/publications\/2021-global-report-on-internal-displacement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">4.4 million people were displaced<\/a>&nbsp;in Bangladesh due to <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/hub\/climate-disasters\/\">disasters<\/a> in 2020, according to a report from the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Storms, floods and a never-ending circle of destruction and rebuilding efforts are driving people&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationalgeographic.com\/environment\/article\/climate-change-drives-migration-crisis-in-bangladesh-from-dhaka-sundabans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">away from coastal villages<\/a>, while repeated saltwater intrusion is&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/livelihoods\/saltwater-risks-womens-health-bangladesh\/\">polluting drinking water<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2021\/11\/3\/bangladesh-global-warming-climate-crisis-seawater-agriculture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">undermining agriculture<\/a>&nbsp;along the coast.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ejfoundation.org\/reports\/climate-displacement-in-bangladesh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Environmental Justice Foundation<\/a>&nbsp;predicts that&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/ejfoundation.org\/reports\/climate-displacement-in-bangladesh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">one in seven Bangladeshis could be displaced by climate change<\/a>&nbsp;by 2050.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Generational shift<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhen I hear the cyclone signal, I know that I have to pack my books and convince my parents to go to the shelter,\u201d Suraiya Akhter, a 15-year-old student from Tobgi Secondary School in Bhola district, told The New Humanitarian.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Bangladesh, students&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s43545-020-00025-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">learn about disaster preparedness<\/a>&nbsp;early in their curriculum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cTeachers and students have a big role to play in disaster management,\u201d said Sanaullah Sanu, a teacher in Kamalnagar Upazila, a region along the south coast. \u201cWe help with early warnings and preparedness activities, and we are in charge of managing cyclone shelters \u2013 often associated with schools in Bangladesh.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Purnima Sadhu, a 16-year-old student from Tafalbari College in Lakurtala, a village 260 kilometres south of Dhaka, said her generation is acutely aware that cyclones will likely increase due to climate change.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOur parents did not learn about disasters when they were young, but we do,\u201d said Sadhu, \u201cClimate change will bring bigger disasters in the future, but we know we can prepare for them. We are not afraid.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Edited by Paisley Dodds; additional reporting from Sabrina Toppa in Pakistan.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-background\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f9\"><em>This article was&nbsp;originally published&nbsp;by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thenewhumanitarian.org\/investigation\/2021\/12\/2\/how-Bangladesh-is-beating-the-odds-on-climate-disaster-deaths\">The New Humanitarian<\/a>, a news agency specialised in reporting humanitarian crises.<\/em><br><br><strong>About this investigation:<\/strong> Cyclones, floods, droughts. An increasing number of humanitarian crises are being driven by climate change, and it\u2019s often the world\u2019s most vulnerable who are hardest hit. But what if high risk countries were also leading the way by implementing a raft of best practices when it comes to disaster risk reduction? We set out to answer this question in an investigation that spanned six months. One of our findings? Some high-risk countries with struggling economies pack a punch when it comes to lowering disaster-related deaths.<br><br><em>This coverage was supported by a grant from the Solutions Journalism Network.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u2018We still have floods and cyclones that cause a lot of damage, but we don\u2019t lose lives\u2019<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3569,"featured_media":20081292,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[17827,519,20000192,543],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000116],"class_list":["post-20081259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-climate-adaptation","tag-climate-impacts","tag-disasters","tag-extreme-weather","country-bangladesh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast 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