{"id":20082512,"date":"2022-01-31T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-01-31T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=82512"},"modified":"2022-07-25T12:30:23","modified_gmt":"2022-07-25T07:00:23","slug":"indias-policymakers-get-detailed-climate-disasters-data","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/indias-policymakers-get-detailed-climate-disasters-data\/","title":{"rendered":"India\u2019s policymakers get detailed data to help manage disasters"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">As India steels itself for more frequent and severe disasters due to climate change, a clearer picture of when and where they might hit is crucial for those managing the human and economic impacts. <a href=\"https:\/\/nidm.gov.in\/PDF\/pubs\/GIZNIDM_21.pdf\">Mapping Climatic and Biological Disasters in India<\/a>, a new report by the government\u2019s National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) and the German development agency GIZ, details the intensity and locations of disasters over a 25-year period, providing valuable data for planners and policymakers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>From 1995 to 2020, India experienced 1,058 floods, cyclones, droughts, cold waves and heatwaves. Floods accounted for 33% of these disasters, followed by heatwaves (24%), droughts (22%), cold waves (16%) and cyclones (5%), according to the report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The highest number of floods was reported from the state of Bihar, followed by West Bengal, Assam, Manipur and Tripura. Over the 25 years studied, <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/hub\/water-shortage\/\">droughts<\/a> hit 33 of India\u2019s 36 states and union territories. Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Rajasthan suffered droughts more than 15 times during this period. Karnataka, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Odisha faced droughts over 10 times. Heatwaves affected 27 states and union territories. The highest number occurred in Odisha, followed by Maharashtra, West Bengal and Rajasthan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eleven states were hit by cyclones during these years. Andhra Pradesh experienced the highest number, followed by Tamil Nadu, Odisha and West Bengal. Looking more closely, the South 24 Parganas district in West Bengal \u2013 home of the Sundarbans, the world\u2019s largest mangrove forest \u2013 suffered more cyclones than any other district in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/8548318\/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe><div style=\"width:100%!;margin-top:4px!important;text-align:right!important;\"><a class=\"flourish-credit\" href=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/8548318\/?utm_source=embed&amp;utm_campaign=visualisation\/8548318\" target=\"_top\" style=\"text-decoration:none!important\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Almost at the same time as the release of this report, the India Meteorological Department (IMD) published a detailed <a href=\"https:\/\/imdpune.gov.in\/hazardatlas\/index.html\">Hazard Atlas of India<\/a>. It looks at climate hazards and climate vulnerability in each of India\u2019s 748 districts according to certain impacts of climate change \u2013 heatwave, drought, extreme rainfall, flood, cyclone, dust storm, lightning, thunderstorm, cold wave, fog, snowfall, hailstorm and wind hazard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The atlas is based on comprehensive disaster data from 1967 to 2019. It includes meteorological parameters (variables such as pressure, humidity and wind strength that help predict weather) for the period 1981 to 2010; ongoing feeds of <a href=\"http:\/\/dsp.imdpune.gov.in\/\">hourly and three-hourly data<\/a> collected by surface meteorological stations; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;vie%20w=article&amp;id=48&amp;Itemid=194&amp;lang=en\">cyclone data<\/a> from 1981 to 2020 and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.imdchennai.gov.in\/\">cyclone track data<\/a> from as far back as 1871; rainfall data from 1901 to 2020; 2011 <a href=\"https:\/\/censusindia.gov.in\/2011-%20common\/censusdata2011.html\">census data<\/a> of population density and housing density for cyclone vulnerability; and <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in\/index.php?option=com_content&amp;vie%20w=article&amp;id=177&amp;Itemid=175&amp;lang=en\">storm surge data<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-data-shines-light-on-human-impacts\">Data shines light on human impacts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The NIDM-GIZ report looks in detail at how the human impacts of floods, droughts, cyclones, heatwaves \u2013 all worsened by climate change \u2013 changed between 1995 and 2020. It finds that deaths due to floods were highest in Uttar Pradesh, followed by West Bengal and Bihar. But flood-related deaths per 100,000 people were highest in Arunachal Pradesh, followed by Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim and Andhra Pradesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--undefined\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/202202020_India-flood-frequency_v2.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/202202020_India-flood-frequency_v2-768x501.png 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/202202020_India-flood-frequency_v2-1024x668.png 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/202202020_India-flood-frequency_v2.png 1982w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 1982px\" alt=\"\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/202202020_India-flood-frequency_v2.png\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"288 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1293\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"1982\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20079792\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>Drought is a relatively slow-moving disaster. No doctor gives a certificate mentioning drought as the cause of someone\u2019s death. But, as the report points out, agrarian crisis, increasing debt, migration and farmer suicides are major human consequences of drought. Between 1995 and 2020, severe droughts occurred in 2002, 2009 and 2015. In addition, over a quarter of districts in India were drought-hit in 2001, 2004, 2012, 2014, 2016 and 2018.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 2015-16, India faced one of its most severe droughts in 150 years. About 39% of the country\u2019s area remained dry and received scant rainfall. Compounded by the El Ni\u00f1o climate phenomenon, the 2015 June-September monsoon rainfall was the tenth driest year on record since 1906 across the whole of India, with a deficit of 14.5% in average rainfall. The Indo-Gangetic, or North Indian River Plain, had a rainfall deficit of 25.8%. The prolonged dry period extended into the winter and crops were impacted throughout the year over an area of 29.89 million hectares. In total, around 330 million people were affected as the drought continued for 41 months until 2018. Over half of India\u2019s population depends on <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/hub\/agriculture\/\">agriculture<\/a>, and the impact was severe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/8548496\/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe><div style=\"width:100%!;margin-top:4px!important;text-align:right!important;\"><a class=\"flourish-credit\" href=\"https:\/\/public.flourish.studio\/visualisation\/8548496\/?utm_source=embed&amp;utm_campaign=visualisation\/8548496\" target=\"_top\" style=\"text-decoration:none!important\" rel=\"noopener\"><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Despite the challenges of predicting and <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/hub\/climate-adaptation\/\">mitigating<\/a> the human cost of disasters, aided by reliable data India\u2019s planners have attained some notable successes. Among them is the sharply declining number of deaths due to cyclones. As meteorologists track cyclone paths more accurately, administrators can move people away from vulnerable spots.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the report confirms the declining death toll, it is silent on the increasing economic costs of cyclones. There is little data on the economic impacts of all disasters, and what does exist can be unreliable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-heatwaves-intensify\">Heatwaves intensify<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>One of the most direct impacts of <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/hub\/climate-change-in-india\/\">climate change in India<\/a> is an increase in the frequency and severity of heatwaves. The NIDM-GIZ report shows an increasing trend of heatwave-related deaths in Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Telangana and Jharkhand. Heatwave deaths per 100,000 people were highest in Maharashtra, followed by Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Delhi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Overall, the report says, heatwaves are second only to cyclones in terms of climate-related fatalities in India that occurred between 1995 and 2020. Cyclones accounted for 48% of lives lost, while for heatwaves it was 26%, followed by floods (18%) and cold waves (8%). Together, these four kinds of climate disasters in India accounted for 104,311 deaths over the NIDM-GIZ report\u2019s period of study.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The highest number of deaths associated with extreme climatic events was recorded in Uttar Pradesh, followed by Odisha, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat, Punjab, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu and Madhya Pradesh. In contrast, the total number of deaths per 100,000 people was highest in Arunachal Pradesh followed by Andhra Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha, Sikkim, Uttarakhand and Mizoram.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Armed with the information in the report, communities and officials in particularly vulnerable states must now enhance efforts to reduce exposure and susceptibility to disasters. Existing vulnerabilities are increasing as climate change gathers pace. For floods, the report identifies the states of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Assam; Rajasthan for droughts and heatwaves, the latter also afflicting Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh; Maharashtra, Gujarat and Kerala for cyclones; and Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh for cold waves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a class=\"wp-block-cd-related-news alignright block--related-news loading\" data-post-id=\"20079095\"><div class=\"block--related-news__image\"><\/div><div class=\"block--related-news__content\"><span class=\"block--related-news__heading\">Recommended<\/span><span class=\"block--related-news__title\"><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n<p>The report is silent on another disaster increasing in frequency due to climate change &#8211; lightning strikes. This is possibly because lightning strikes are not included in the Indian government&#8217;s list of disasters. Perhaps they should be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-recommendations-for-managing-climate-disasters-in-india\">Recommendations for managing climate disasters in India<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The report makes important recommendations for enhanced disaster management, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 The need for sovereign risk assessments, considering the impacts of climate change, to design and promote suitable financing instruments for the sharing and transfer of risks within and across different geographical areas of India. This recommendation underscores the need to know the economic cost of each disaster.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 The need to create databases on the frequency and intensity of various climatic disasters at the basin and watershed scale, where climate change\u2019s impacts on hydrological regimes are best assessed. This enables planners to design basin and watershed-scale risk prevention and mitigation actions that can be jointly implemented by districts and states. All information is currently collected according to administrative boundaries \u2013 this often fails to match physical boundaries, and the information goes awry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Sharing experiences and support between states, especially as states that previously were not vulnerable become at risk. For example, Odisha has experience in dealing with cyclones and has effectively reduced mortality, which can be used to enhance the capacity of Maharashtra, which is more likely to be exposed to cyclones in the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Collaboration between ministries so that schemes such as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee programme can be used to improve resilience to <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/hub\/climate-disasters\/\">climate-induced disasters<\/a> in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2022 Systematic collection of data on disaster impact \u2013 especially on and including economic impacts \u2013 by India\u2019s Central Statistical Organisation, so that there is better understanding of scale and types of impacts in a changing climate.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As disasters worsen due to climate change, a new report reveals what to expect in every district of the country in the hope of mitigating the human costs<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000286,"featured_media":20082520,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[17827,519,20000192,543],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20082512","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-climate-adaptation","tag-climate-impacts","tag-disasters","tag-extreme-weather","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>India\u2019s policymakers get detailed data on climate disasters | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"As disasters worsen due to climate change, a new report reveals what to expect in every district of India in the hope of mitigating the costs\" \/>\n<meta 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