{"id":20082871,"date":"2022-02-11T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-02-11T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=82871"},"modified":"2022-02-24T15:06:02","modified_gmt":"2022-02-24T09:36:02","slug":"interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake\/","title":{"rendered":"Interview: Is it too late to save Tonle Sap lake?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Over the past three decades, Southeast Asia\u2019s largest lake has declined precipitously. For centuries, the flooding of the Mekong would reverse the course of the river, causing Tonle Sap lake to swell up to six times its dry season size and creating what was once the most productive inland fishery on the planet. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Abby<\/div>
Abby Seiff, journalist and author<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

However, hydropower, development and climate change have upended the flood cycle, devastating fisheries and agriculture and the people who rely on them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Journalist Abby Seiff has been documenting the human toll of the Tonle Sap crisis for more than a decade, and will release Troubling the Water: A Dying Lake and a Vanishing World in Cambodia<\/em> in March this year. The Third Pole spoke with her ahead of the book\u2019s release about the state of the lake, its people and whether it can still be saved.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Troubling the Water<\/em> discusses the human cost of an ailing Tonle Sap. Can you tell us more about what communities are facing?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Most of those living on the Tonle Sap are family fishers and among the poorest of the poor. They just don\u2019t have the margins to support a few years of bad fishing, let alone the year after year after year situation<\/a> we\u2019ve seen lately. In practice this means people are deep in debt \u2013 they\u2019re borrowing truly unsustainable amounts from microfinance institutions and individual lenders, which puts them in a really vulnerable position. People are forgoing healthcare and school to pay back loans. They\u2019re in danger of losing their property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The issues on the Tonle Sap are just a metonym for the ecological catastrophes across the Mekong and across the globe<\/blockquote><\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The situation on the lake also means that a large portion of the population, particularly the younger population, is leaving for migrant work<\/a> \u2013 both because fishing is no longer seen as a stable livelihood but also because families are desperate for cash to pay off debt. The fishers and their kids are either going to Thailand or moving to Cambodian cities to work at factories and construction sites. This type of migrant work carries a certain risk of exploitation, and the more desperate you are, the more risk you\u2019re likely to face. Of course, none of this is unique to the Tonle Sap; we\u2019ve seen this twinned debt-migration problem all over rural Cambodia, not to mention across much of the globe as climate change worsens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cambodia has ended dam building on the Mekong mainstream. How much damage has already been done? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

This is certainly commendable but sadly, in terms of helping the Tonle Sap, it\u2019s not something that\u2019s likely to improve the situation \u2013 unless it serves as an example to Cambodia\u2019s northern neighbours. The mainstream hydropower dams<\/a> that have so reshaped the Mekong\u2019s hydrology are in China and Laos, which continue to build new dams. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Meanwhile, across all Mekong countries, tributary dams still cause significant damage. In Cambodia, the Sekong, Srepok and Sesan \u2013 or 3S rivers<\/a> \u2013 contribute up to a quarter of the Mekong\u2019s flow, which helps the Tonle Sap river reversal that feeds the lake. There can be little doubt that the Lower Sesan II dam, which came online in 2017, has impacted downstream fish catch. Two other proposed dams on the 3S rivers have been effectively halted for years, though not officially. Should they be resurrected, the results would be devastating. Obviously, governments halting new construction is an important action, but much of the damage we\u2019re seeing today is due to climate change coupled with those 13 upstream mainstream dams.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Map<\/div>
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Much attention is given to the fisheries of Tonle Sap and the surrounding region, but what are some of the effects people are feeling in agriculture? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

We\u2019re entering the fourth year of drought<\/a> now, which impacts all farmers. Drought has, of course, affected rice production in Cambodia, Thailand and Laos \u2013 though yield seemed to improve last year. The bigger issue is around the role upstream dams play. Researchers have noted that if water flow is regulated with agriculture in mind, the dams can play a helpful role by providing irrigation in the dry season and reducing excessive wet season flooding. But this requires a type of coordination that\u2019s not currently happening.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

What role, if any, can China play in saving Tonle Sap? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Better coordination would be a very good step to allow for an \u2018operational model\u2019 of the whole basin, which the Mekong River Commission (MRC) has long been pushing for. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

China has been sharing more data, as well as notifications of water release, but could be doing much more. Improving on that would be a start, but the ideal would be if China and lower Mekong<\/a> countries could come to an agreement whereby upstream dams were operated<\/a> in such a way as to consider the needs of downstream countries. This means water would be held back or released in complete coordination so the collective needs are met \u2013 preventing downstream floods or mitigating against dangerously low rainfall \u2013 rather than those of a single country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tonle Sap\u2019s issues are familiar both upstream and down. How are the issues in Tonle Sap unique? <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

You\u2019re completely right that these problems sadly exist everywhere and they\u2019re not at all unique. So, in some ways the issues on the Tonle Sap are just a metonym for the ecological catastrophes across the Mekong and across the globe, really. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

I think what I\u2019ve always found particularly tragic and striking about the situation on the Tonle Sap is that its success over the millennia has been because of its truly unique ecological phenomena. The lake is fed by a river that reverses course, twice a year like clockwork \u2013 and there\u2019s nowhere else on Earth that happens. When the Mekong overflows in the rainy season, sending water gushing up the Tonle Sap river, the lake expands up to six times its [dry season] size. A lot of fundamentals of Cambodian culture \u2013 the Water Festival, Angkor, even the creation mythology \u2013 is tied back to this double movement. The lake pulses open and closed twice a year, like a heart, and now that pulse has almost died. To me, this is what makes the situation somewhat unique \u2013 even if the same realities, the hunger, the debt, the desperation, are unfortunately seen in so many places now.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The question people have been asking for years when it comes to Tonle Sap: Is it too late?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

It certainly seems that way, though I\u2019m wary of saying yes outright, because then it\u2019s like, well, what\u2019s the point of doing anything? Regardless of whether it\u2019s \u2018too late\u2019, I do think a lot could be done at least to mitigate the impacts for those living on the lake. Whenever I asked fishers what might be done, the answers were pretty uniform. They wanted to see more enforcement of the fisheries law against large-scale illegal fishers and many wanted alternative vocational support that could help them pursue other opportunities apart from fishing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

With the cost of solar dropping dramatically, and climate change really wreaking havoc on hydropower operations, you\u2019d hope that dam-building soon comes to an end. At the macro level, the type of coordination urged by the MRC and many campaigners would help immensely. My cynical self says, \u2018Don\u2019t hold your breath for that level of geopolitical cooperation<\/a>.\u2019 But I\u2019d very much like to be proven wrong.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Abby Seiff, author of Troubling the Water, on the debt, drought and politics of Cambodia\u2019s most important lake<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3907,"featured_media":20082893,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764,50039903],"tags":[511,545,554,20000155],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-20082871","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","category-water","tag-biodiversity","tag-fisheries","tag-hydropower","tag-mekong"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nInterview with Abby Seiff on the Tonle Sap crisis? | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Abby Seiff, author of Troubling the Water, on the debt, drought and politics of Cambodia\u2019s most important lake, Tonle Sap\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interview: Is it too late to save Tonle Sap lake?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Abby Seiff, author of Troubling the Water, on the debt, drought and politics of Cambodia\u2019s most important lake\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Dialogue Earth\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-02-11T07:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-02-24T09:36:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Abby-Seiff-1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Krista Charles\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Interview: Is it too late to save Tonle Sap lake?\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Krista Charles\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#\/schema\/person\/aa002cbaaa0a0acc02fa62986c8c5136\"},\"headline\":\"Interview: Is it too late to save Tonle Sap lake?\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-02-11T07:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-02-24T09:36:02+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake\/\"},\"wordCount\":1268,\"commentCount\":2,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Abby-Seiff-1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Biodiversity\",\"Fisheries\",\"Hydropower\",\"Mekong\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Nature\",\"Water\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/interview-abby-seiff-is-it-too-late-to-save-tonle-sap-lake\/\",\"name\":\"Interview with Abby Seiff on the Tonle Sap crisis? 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