{"id":20096275,"date":"2022-08-17T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=96275"},"modified":"2022-08-31T18:47:47","modified_gmt":"2022-08-31T13:17:47","slug":"online-sales-endangered-wild-monkeys-boom-in-myanmar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/online-sales-endangered-wild-monkeys-boom-in-myanmar\/","title":{"rendered":"Online sales of endangered wild monkeys boom in Myanmar"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ma Saw, a white-collar worker living in Yangon, Myanmar, was browsing the internet on her phone after a long day at work when her eyes caught a post of an infant macaque \u201cfor sale\u201d in a public Facebook group.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reading through the comments, she saw that no one wanted to buy the baby primate, as it had lost its right hand. Many members of the group demanded perfect-looking animals, with no injuries and in good health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI could not stand their comments. I felt sorry for this poor little one. I reached out to the seller via direct message and made a quick decision to buy it. I believe the monkey lost his mother and was wounded while being caught by the seller,\u201d said Ma Saw, who asked that her real name not be used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The seller put the monkey in a plastic container and sent it to her via a public bus from Myanmar\u2019s northern Kachin state. It took about 12 hours for the animal \u2013 which she named Shwe Ky, meaning lucky \u2013 to reach Ma Saw\u2019s home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Illustration<\/div>
An infant macaque caught in Kachin State was sold to a white-collar worker in Yangon, who named it Shwe Ky, meaning ‘lucky’ (Image: \u00a9 Paritta Wangkiat)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Shwe Ky was very fatigued after the trip. Ma Saw immediately took him to a veterinarian, who suggested she provide intensive care to the suffering baby monkey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma Saw is one of many local wildlife buyers in Myanmar, whose motivations are varied. Their purchases have fuelled Myanmar\u2019s online illegal wildlife trade in recent years, as local access to the internet and mobile banking has grown substantially.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Raising baby monkeys as pets is common among these buyers, and many ask for a specific species from the sellers in social media groups. Some buy monkeys because they feel sorry for the animals, as was the case with Ma Saw. Others think that owning a wild animal is cool and symbolizes their wealth, a trend that has been noticed by Myanmar\u2019s social media users.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Social media posts featuring wild monkeys, especially posts showing the monkeys being trained as pets, often get a lot of viewers on TikTok and Facebook, the most popular social media platforms in Myanmar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Growing online trade in wildlife<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

The unsustainable and illegal wildlife trade<\/a> is the second-biggest direct threat to species after habitat destruction, according to the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). In April, WWF released a study<\/a> showing that Myanmar\u2019s online illegal wildlife trade inside the country increased by 74% from 2020 to 2021.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The organization recorded 11,046 animal products from 173 species for sale online in 2021, an increase from 143 species in 2020. Among them, six species were listed as \u2018critically endangered\u2019 on the IUCN Red List<\/a>. Seven more were listed as \u2018endangered\u2019 and 33 as \u2018vulnerable\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

About 96% of posts advertised live animals, and 87% said that the animals had been taken from the wild.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Posts advertising mammals for sale saw the biggest jump in numbers, from 169 to 576 between 2020 and 2021, a 241% increase. The most popular mammals were various species of monkey, often bought as pets, according to the WWF report. These included the dusky leaf and Shortridge\u2019s langurs, and the stump-tailed and northern pig-tailed macaques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mekong Eye also found offers to sell Popa langurs, a newly discovered primate species exclusively found in Myanmar, on Facebook groups. The animals are critically endangered<\/a> and as few as 135 mature individuals are estimated to survive in the wild.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

These animals are traded freely in open groups on Facebook, where members can advertise and sell wildlife without facing any legal action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"illustration<\/div>
Sellers often deliver wild monkeys to buyers via public buses (Image: \u00a9 Paritta Wangkiat)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Many sellers don\u2019t use their authenticated accounts, but create new accounts for making deals in the wildlife trade. They usually use video calls to communicate with potential buyers, to show the condition of the animals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPotential buyers usually reach out to me via Facebook direct message. They want to know about the health of the animals and find out if the monkeys have \u2018friendly behaviour,\u2019\u201d said a seller based in Yangon, who asked not to be named.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cI offer a cash-on-delivery option to buyers who can pick up the animals near my place. If the buyers live in other cities and towns, the transaction will be made online. The animals will be delivered by public bus.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interviews with sellers and buyers indicated that baby monkeys are in high demand and can sell within one to three days after being advertised on social media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Coup halts efforts to tackle wildlife trade<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

On 1 February last year, Myanmar\u2019s military, led by General Min Aung Hlaing, staged a coup and seized power from the National League for Democracy\u2019s elected government \u2015 turning the country into an authoritarian state with a weakened rule of law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the military coup, local media outlets have reported the accelerated exploitation of natural resources<\/a>, including mining and deforestation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

When it comes to the wildlife trade, hunters have taken advantage of the lack of law enforcement to hunt and trade protected animals, mostly without having to face any consequences. The coup has also halted Myanmar\u2019s progress in tackling the wildlife trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ko Linn \u2013 not his real name \u2013 a former staff member of Myanmar\u2019s Department of Environment and Wildlife Conservation, said the illegal wildlife trade had thrived because the post-coup government does not have enough human resources or budget to tackle the issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

He left the department after working there for 12 years and joined the civil disobedience movement, along with thousands of government employees, including military personnel, police and civil servants. These former officials resigned from their positions to show resistance to the new junta government. Many have been arrested and detained by the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cBefore the coup, there were collaborations across government institutions, NGOs, civil society groups and local people to preserve our wildlife, especially those [that are] threatened and endangered like the Popa langur and pangolins,\u201d he said. \u201cBut all that cooperation has stopped now.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Baby primates need their mothers who teach them the skills they need for survival. Depriving primates\u2019 contact with their own members is extremely cruel and distressing for them.<\/blockquote>Nay Myo Shwe, head of the Wildlife Program at WWF Myanmar<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In the juridical sphere, the enforcement of the Conservation of Biodiversity and Protected Areas Law has been weakened due to a lack of government personnel and declining rule of law. That law is an upgraded version of the 1994 wildlife conservation law, which was amended in 2018 to enhance conservation efforts with support from the elected government and civil society. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Under the law, protection of wildlife species was classified into three categories based on their endangered status \u2015 \u201ccompletely,\u201d \u201cnormally\u201d and \u201cseasonally\u201d protected. Any individual who kills, hunts, possesses or trades completely protected species, or their parts or derivatives, will be sentenced to between three and 10 years in prison, the law says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, while the law is still in place, enforcement is not. The military junta has turned the juridical system into a tool to criminalise dissidents, leaving little space for legal action against other crimes, including the wildlife trade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThe political crisis has further hampered environmental regulation and law enforcement. In addition, the ability to trade anonymously online means that people buy and sell with impunity,\u201d said Nay Myo Shwe, head of the Wildlife Program at WWF Myanmar. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

No happy ending for traded animals<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cSome people keep wildlife as pets because they believe the animals project a superior image of themselves. Many are not aware that the wildlife trade is illegal, or know it but take advantage of the absence of effective law enforcement,\u201d said Nay Myo Shwe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPrimates are intelligent, sensitive and highly social animals, making [the buyers] fascinated [by their behaviour.] The infants are also appealing to them. But baby primates need their mothers who teach them the skills they need for survival. Depriving primates\u2019 contact with their own members is extremely cruel and distressing for them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"illustration<\/div>
Posts featuring wild monkeys being trained as pets often get a lot of viewers on social media platforms in Myanmar (Image: \u00a9 Paritta Wangkiat)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Having contact with wildlife also increases health risks for humans as the animals can carry diseases that are deadly to people. Lessons should be learned from past experience with zoonotic diseases, including SARS, MERS, swine flu, avian flu and Covid-19, warned Nay Myo Shwe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma Saw, the buyer of the infant macaque, wanted to release Shwe Ky into the wild. But she has given up on that idea because she is certain the monkey would not survive without learning skills from its mother.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shwe Ky was still alive while this article was written. But others may not be so lucky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wildlife buyer Ko Khaing Min \u2013 not his real name \u2013 bought a two-month-old monkey online in April, simply because \u201cit was cute\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cShe was very vulnerable when I got her. She died of diarrhoea after two months of staying with me. It\u2019s better not to raise a wild monkey if you could not give it intensive care, and it\u2019s costly,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article was first published on Mekong Eye<\/a>, and is republished here with permission. The article was supported by Internews\u2019 Earth Journalism Network.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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