{"id":20097183,"date":"2022-08-16T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-08-16T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=97183"},"modified":"2022-08-16T09:08:26","modified_gmt":"2022-08-16T03:38:26","slug":"recommendations-galore-but-are-they-benefitting-himalayan-wetlands","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/recommendations-galore-but-are-they-benefitting-himalayan-wetlands\/","title":{"rendered":"Recommendations galore, but are they benefitting Himalayan wetlands?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In 2018, the government of Jammu and Kashmir dredged the flood spill channel of the Hokersar Wetland<\/a> in an apparent effort to solve the problem of flooding in Srinagar after the devastation of 2014<\/a>. All that happened was that a large part of the Ramsar-designated wetland of international importance 10 km west of Srinagar turned into grassland<\/a>. When floods returned in the summer of 2022, the wetland could not absorb excess water because a sluice gate has not yet been constructed, in defiance of an order by India\u2019s National Green Tribunal (NGT).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The government itself also issued an order (number 230 FST) on 1 September 2016 for the sluice gate so that the wetland \u2013 which is a major waterfowl reserve \u2013 could have \u201cthree to four feet water throughout the year\u201d. The Third Pole has a copy of the order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fed by the perennial Doodhganga River, the Hokersar Wetland is the destination<\/a> of 68 waterfowl species including the great egret, great crested grebe, little cormorant, common shelduck, tufted duck and endangered ferruginous duck \u2013 winter migrants from Siberia, China, Central Asia and northern Europe. Now there is not enough water for them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
A shepherd grazes his sheep in Hokersar Wetland (Image: Athar Parvaiz)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The wetland has dried out to such an extent that a local resident told The Third Pole: \u201cWe are able to drive our load carriers [small trucks] inside the wetland and gather fodder for our cows.\u201d The wetland was not only deprived of water, but over 80% of the material that had been excavated during dredging was left there, defeating the purpose of the whole exercise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rashid Naqash, the regional wildlife warden whose department oversees the Hokersar Wetland, expressed his dismay during a workshop on the conservation of Himalayan wetlands, held in Srinagar on 13-14 June. He said he hoped that work on the sluice gate \u201cwill start soon as we have again taken up this issue with the concerned department\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rakesh Changotra, technical officer in the Irrigation and Flood Control Department, told The Third Pole that the process of inviting tenders to install the sluice gates had been started. \u201cWe are on it and the gates will be installed soon.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Naqash\u2019s office has written a series of letters to the Irrigation and Flood Control Department to speed up the construction of the sluice gates. One letter written in 2019 pointed out that deepening of flood spill channel \u201cand ancillary feeding streams by your department has increased the velocity of water in these channels thereby abstracting more waters from and within the Hokersar Wetland Reserve. This has resulted in the water deficiency of the wetland and converted major portion of the wetland into a land mass.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Third Pole tried several times to contact Kashmir\u2019s divisional commissioner to find out how soon the sluice gates would be installed, but he was unavailable. A staffer in his office claimed that the divisional commissioner is \u201cvery serious about the conservation of wetlands and pays frequent visits to the wetlands to take stock of the conservation efforts\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Recommendations that go nowhere<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

At the June workshop, experts recommended taking a basin and landscape view of wetlands rather than individual wetland management plans. This would avoid multiple and overlapping plans, while mainstreaming them in existing conservation plans. They also recommended making research available to wetland managers, linking wetland conservation with district planning processes and transforming tourism from recreational tourism to \u2018natural tourism\u2019 by raising awareness among tour operators, tourists and local communities of the importance of wetland ecosystems.   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

One interesting recommendation was to involve the Indian Army in the conservation of wetlands given its presence in \u201csensitive environmental areas\u201d across the Himalayas. The recommendation stated that the \u201cIndian army is an important stakeholder and needs to be sensitised [in] how to work and operate in a sensitive area and contribute to wetland conservation in future\u201d.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The role the military could play in wetland conservation was previously also highlighted in August 2018 at a two-day policy consultation<\/a> on Himalayan wetlands organised by the non-profit Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment (ATREE)<\/a> in partnership with WWF India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Hokersar<\/div>
The Hokersar Wetland is a Ramsar conservation area home to 68 waterfowl species (Image: Athar Parvaiz)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhile the presence of the Army around wetlands near international borders is important from the point of view of national security, army installations pose a number of threats to wetlands and their biodiversity,\u201d it was noted during the August 2018 policy consultation. \u201cMany of these installations are not scientifically sited taking into consideration the wetland hydrology and zone of influence.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Almost two years after this recommendation, border clashes between China and India in Ladakh killed soldiers on both sides. China and India have increased the number of troops in the area since then.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The 2018 meeting recommended that \u201cRepresentations can be made to the Ministry of Defence, especially the Ecology Cell, to establish a \u2018Green Brigade\u2019 in Ladakh.\u201d It is unclear whether these recommendations were ever followed up with the military.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

No lack of expert opinion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWetlands are rich in biodiversity and hydrology is the key driver that results in species richness of wetlands. We are witnessing an extreme hydrological disturbance in Hokersar recently. A large area of the wetland, which would otherwise be permanently saturated with water, has been completely drained. Immediate measures must be taken to regulate its hydrology\u201d said Ather Masoodi, an ecologist who specialises in aquatic weed management.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nothing significant is being done for the wetlands across Kashmir, which are in a neglected state<\/blockquote>Asad Rahmani, former director of the Bombay Natural History Society<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Other wetlands in Kashmir are also under tremendous pressure, and experts warn constantly about the rapid pace of their degradation. \u201cThe Kashmir Valley has some of the most fabulous wetlands in India but unfortunately they have not been given the importance that they deserve by successive governments. Shallabugh<\/a> and Hokersar may have the highest density of waterfowl in winter in India but both are now in pitiable condition,\u201d Asad Rahmani, former director of the Bombay Natural History Society and a regular visitor to Kashmir\u2019s wetlands, told The Third Pole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaking on the condition of anonymity, one wetland manager said expert opinions are often lost due to the multiplicity of authorities \u2013 the irrigation department is responsible for one thing, municipal authorities for another.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

Mirgund Wetland<\/a> near Srinagar has been dry for the last few years, Rahmani said. \u201cIf properly protected and scientifically managed, including the management of tourism, Kashmir\u2019s wetlands can become one of the biggest tourist attractions, thus providing livelihood to the communities living around the wetlands. Bird tourism is a multi-million-dollar business in the world. But nothing significant is being done for the wetlands across Kashmir, which are in a neglected state.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

On 13 August this year, India\u2019s Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change announced that<\/a> 11 more wetlands have been added to the list of Ramsar sites in India taking the total 75 with an area of 13, 26,677 hectares. Two of the 11 new Ramsar sites are in the Kashmir<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cHaigam and Shallabugh wetlands have been declared as Ramsar sites. This means we now have four Ramsar sites in a circuit of 120 km,\u201d said Mudasir Mehmood Malik, coordinator of Wular Conservation and Management Authority. “This is unique and will attract people from the birding community to Kashmir Valley. The recognition brings added responsibility for scientific management and effective monitoring of these sites.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faiz Bakhshi, who heads the Environmental Policy Group (EPG), a non-profit in Srinagar which works for the conservation of wetlands in Kashmir, said that he was happy about the development, but expressed his dismay that the already existing Ramsar sites are not in good shape. \u201cTake the example of Hokersar wetland. This wetland has been totally ruined in the name of flood management.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Problem stretches across Himalayan wetlands<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

This is not a problem only in Kashmir. In July last year, local residents and environmentalists protested<\/a> against what the government called the \u201credevelopment\u201d of a network of seven lakes in Nainital in Uttarakhand under the Sattal Redevelopment Plan. This was despite explicit findings<\/a> that the composition of the hill slopes and riverfront made civil construction near them dangerously prone to landslides. In just a few days, an online petition to save the wetland network garnered over 32,000 signatures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Early last year in Manipur, locals objected to the government\u2019s intervention in developing Loktak Lake as a vast tourism site<\/a>, saying it would be disastrous for local ecosystems as well as putting an end to their fishing-based livelihoods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

People who live around wetlands in the Himalayas and depend on them for their livelihoods have been saying for a long time that responsible eco-tourism is the only way to protect them and gather revenue. Such efforts by authorities have been few and far between.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

There is no lack of expert opinion on how to conserve wetlands in Kashmir, or other parts of India, but recommendations are rarely followed and often flouted<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1072,"featured_media":20097195,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[523,20000022,607,608],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111],"class_list":["post-20097183","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-conservation","tag-himalayas","tag-water-scarcity","tag-wetlands","country-india"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAre recommendations benefitting Himalayan wetlands? | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Recommendations for conserving India\u2019s Himalayan wetlands are rarely followed and often flouted, despite an abundance of expert opinion\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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