{"id":20102241,"date":"2022-11-11T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2022-11-11T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=102241"},"modified":"2022-11-17T21:07:04","modified_gmt":"2022-11-17T15:37:04","slug":"experts-welcome-futuristic-initiative-to-restore-indus-river-in-pakistan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/nature\/experts-welcome-futuristic-initiative-to-restore-indus-river-in-pakistan\/","title":{"rendered":"Experts welcome \u2018futuristic\u2019 initiative to restore Indus River in Pakistan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

As Pakistan\u2019s climate change minister Sherry Rehman attends this year\u2019s UN climate summit in Egypt, high up on her agenda is to showcase the prospectus for the Living Indus Initiative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In September, Rehman announced<\/a> the project<\/a>, which was approved by Pakistan\u2019s parliament in the wake of the worst floods in a decade. The Living Indus Initiative, which is being officially launched<\/a> at COP27, is an umbrella initiative that spearheads and consolidates new and existing projects. Many of these aim to increase flood resilience in the Indus basin in Pakistan, while restoring it to good ecological health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rehman described the Living Indus Initiative as an \u201cinvestment project\u201d to The Third Pole, with a focus on \u201cclimate-resilient reconstruction\u201d as Pakistan starts to rebuild<\/a> after the floods this summer \u2013 which scientists have said<\/a> were made more likely by climate change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s a living menu and investors can pick and choose parts,\u201d said Rehman, calling the Living Indus Initiative Pakistan\u2019s biggest series of climate adaptation projects. In total the initiative\u2019s 25 projects will cost USD 11-17 billion, with 15 related to flood management, Rehman said. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In detail: The Living Indus Initiative<\/span>
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The prospectus for the Living Indus Initiative sets out 25 priority interventions, through which it states it seeks to achieve a just transition, climate resilience and gender inclusivity.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many projects aim to improve the health of the basin, including plans to clean up industrial effluent and wastewater from the river, recharge groundwater, eliminate plastic pollution from cities, control salinisation and create an urban forest. But they also focus on improving the lives of people in the basin, through 100,000 community ponds, a \u2018Living Indus knowledge platform\u2019, ecotourism, climate-resilient agriculture and fisheries, as well as \u201cgreen infrastructure for flood control\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They also seek to accelerate the transition to renewables and restore biodiversity \u2013 proposing the establishment of 500 protected areas and to offer climate and nature performance bonds<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Pakistan\u2019s former climate change minister Malik Amin Aslam welcomed the approval of the Living Indus Initiative, describing it as the \u201ctool to develop the country\u2019s climate resilience for future floods\u201d. The project was started under Aslam during the previous Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI<\/a>) government and has been taken up by the ruling Pakistan Democratic Movement (PDM) coalition. Aslam said he was happy that the \u201cecological vision\u201d carefully \u201ccrafted and initiated\u201d by the previous government would be implemented without being altered.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Environmental lawyer Ahmad Rafay Alam called the prospectus the \u201cnext big thing\u201d after Pakistan\u2019s National Climate Change Policy<\/a> of 2012 and the submission of its Nationally Determined Contributions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hassan Abbas<\/a>, a water resources expert, described it as \u201cfuturistic\u201d, with \u201ca lot of focus on environmental sustainability and many links to the Sustainable Development Goals mapped\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Water expert and chair of non-profit the Hisaar Foundation<\/a> Simi Kamal, who was part of the consultation process for the Living Indus Initiative, said that with Pakistan in the throes of a climate disaster<\/a> and COP27<\/a> underway, the document had come at just the right time to focus attention on the Indus.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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About 90% of Pakistan\u2019s population and more than three-quarters of its economic activity is located within the basin, according to the document<\/a> outlining the Living Indus Initiative. More than 80% of the country\u2019s arable land is irrigated by the Indus\u2019s waters and nine out of the country\u2019s 10 largest cities are within 50 km of it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Aslam anticipated that more \u201cfloods will happen\u201d along the Indus, as temperatures fluctuate and precipitation becomes more unpredictable due to climate change. He added that the ecology of the river system \u2013 home to at least 668 bird species, more than 150 fish species, and one of the world\u2019s rarest mammals, the Indus river dolphin \u2013 is already under stress and will be further adversely affected. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Describing the Indus as \u201cPakistan\u2019s lifeline\u201d, Aslam told The Third Pole that the initiative \u201chas the potential to be very big as it encompasses the whole country\u2026 reviving its dying ecology is critical if we are to cope with the enhanced climate stress.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Living Indus Initiative a long time coming<\/span>
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Saad Hayat Tamman, the national coordinator for the Living Indus Initiative, said that the consultation process with the public sector, private sector, experts and civil society began back in January 2022. The report was ready by April.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, then the government changed, which slowed down the process. Around May, the Ministry of Climate Change took ownership of the initiative, seeking feedback from the provinces, relevant ministries and relevant water experts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rehman said the process of getting the green light from Parliament had been painstaking, describing \u201ca very rigorous trial-by-fire process with the provincial governments\u201d. Despite political differences between the provinces, consensus was built.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Many projects that were already underway are included in the Living Indus Initiative<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
Sustainable Groundwater Governance through Provincial Water Acts<\/strong><\/td>The Living Indus document looks at reasons for poor governance and where there is a need for legislation. Both Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa have laws that required them to set up provincial water commissions. However, implementation is lacking. The provinces of Balochistan and Sindh do not even have Water Acts. Islamabad, which is under federal control, has a law but is yet to form a commission. <\/td><\/tr>
Expanded GLOF-II <\/strong><\/td>A project to manage the risks from glacial lake outburst floods is already being implemented in 10 districts of Gilgit-Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Living Indus document proposes to expand this to all vulnerable districts in the catchment area. <\/td><\/tr>
Indus Heritage Sites <\/strong><\/td>The Living Indus Initiative proposes to protect 10 heritage sites in the basin. <\/td><\/tr>
Nature-Based Watershed Management <\/strong><\/td>The report proposes detailed analysis of Pakistan\u2019s 1,091 sub-watersheds to identify gaps in existing efforts and identify solutions involving local community participation. <\/td><\/tr>
Indus Protected Area <\/strong><\/td>Pakistan has around 400 protected areas recognised by IUCN. The document proposes establishing 500 new protected areas. <\/td><\/tr>
Urban Forests along the Indus<\/strong><\/td>The Ten Billion Tree Tsunami project will be supplemented with an urban forestation programme. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Source: Living Indus: Investing in Ecological Restoration<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Mega structures on the Indus not up for discussion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Dams, barrages, weirs and canals were first developed on the Indus by the British to enable irrigation, said Kamal. She described this taming of the river as driven by \u201csheer colonialism\u201d to feed the British Empire<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe need to build a new narrative where we take pride in the river, its floodplains and its role in Pakistan\u2019s water value chain,\u201d she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Living Indus prospectus acknowledges the importance of nature-based flood solutions such as wetland restoration, mentioning that \u201criverbank filtration, underground dams, recharge area protection and enclosures\u201d offer \u201cmore sustainable and cost-effective [water] storage\u201d than dams. Other benefits listed include increased water security and agricultural productivity.  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Abbas stressed that the real causes of the Indus\u2019s degradation are the mega structures built across the basin to dam and divert water flow. However, he said, \u201cthere is no clear mention of this [in the Living Indus document], or even a comprehensive strategy to replace outdated mega structures with more sustainable and contemporary solutions\u201d.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

While the report does articulate the symptoms of the river\u2019s ill-health, Abbas said not discussing dams meant that \u201ceverything proposed would struggle to sustain itself\u201d. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dismantling dams, barrages and canals is not a serious option in Kamal\u2019s opinion. \u201cLet\u2019s be practical about it, let\u2019s move forward and improve what we have, and manage that,\u201d she said, adding that it may mean making some difficult choices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cCertainly, we must decide not to build any more infrastructure [on the Indus],\u201d said Kamal, so that \u201cwater losses are minimised\u201d and the delta can be restored by \u201cpressurising politicians to modulate their political stances [on hydro-engineering]\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Living Indus now needs funding and cross-border cooperation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Rehman said that resource-stretched and debt-entrenched Pakistan has diverted \u201call the funds it had towards flood relief\u201d.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s going to be difficult to get focus on such [Living Indus] projects now that all funds will go towards recovery projects,\u201d she said. \u201cWe will try to align some of them into resilient and adaptive design which is built into the Living Indus menu.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pakistan does not have people who are able to give a convincing rationale of the project and why it stands out<\/blockquote>Ahmad Rafay Alam, environmental lawyer <\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

The present government, said Rehman, aims to attract the interest of \u201cmultilaterals which have funding for long-gestation projects\u201d for the USD 11-17 billion needed. \u201cWhen we start working towards reconstruction, we can divert their [multilateral organisations\u2019] attention to align with adaptation,\u201d she added.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Abbas pointed out that \u201casking for funding here and funding there without creation of economic engines will not go a very long way.\u201d <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The funding issue, however, failed to dampen Aslam\u2019s spirits. \u201cFunds for some of these [projects] are available,\u201d he said, but will need to be \u201caugmented\u201d. Others will need to be generated through \u201clocal as well as global financial options\u201d, he added.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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On this, Alam praised the aspect of the initiative that aims to improve Pakistan\u2019s capacity to access global climate finance. \u201cSome countries have had relative amount of success in accessing those funds. Unfortunately, for Pakistan, it does not have people who are trained to know how to navigate the UN red tape or be able to give a convincing rationale of the project and why it stands out.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Even if funds are secured for these projects, giving the Indus a new lease of life will be difficult without cooperation from Pakistan\u2019s neighbours, especially India. \u201cIt is very much a part of the implementation landscape outlined in the report,\u201d Aslam responded, acknowledging that adapting to climate change and reviving the Indus\u2019s ecology require regional collaboration and data sharing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Federal overreach\u2019 could jeopardise Living Indus Initiative<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

On the practical implementation of the Living Indus Initiative, Alam said: \u201cI\u2019d have wished for a little bit more clarity on sub-national governance.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The document recommends an Indus Council be set up, but Alam said he did not see that happening as the \u201c18th constitutional amendment<\/a> puts many of the issues that are being spoken about within the clear mandate of the provincial governance\u201d.  The 18th<\/sup> Amendment, passed in 2010, gave Pakistan\u2019s provinces legislative and financial autonomy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To implement the policies, Alam said some \u201cconnecting tissue\u201d is needed between the federal, provincial and even municipal authorities \u2013 but this is missing. \u201cThese projects sound good, but unless there is a coordinating mechanism\u2026 I fear there will be federal overreach and trampling of provincial authority. This could risk the effective implementation of such projects.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alam appraised the Living Indus Initiative as \u201cambitious\u201d and \u201ca bit silly\u201d and at other times vague on details. But, he conceded, overall, he was pleasantly surprised that it shows an \u201cevolution in environmental thinking\u201d by the government.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Commentators say the government\u2019s new Living Indus Initiative being showcased at COP27 shows it is serious about tackling climate change but is limited by its failure to tackle big infrastructure in the basin<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20000283,"featured_media":20102248,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[764],"tags":[17827,20000054,580,607],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000112],"class_list":["post-20102241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nature","tag-climate-adaptation","tag-indus","tag-policy","tag-water-scarcity","country-pakistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nExperts welcome \u2018futuristic\u2019 initiative to restore Indus River in Pakistan<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Commentators say the government's new Living Indus Initiative being showcased at COP27 shows it is serious 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