{"id":20107816,"date":"2022-12-15T20:55:48","date_gmt":"2022-12-15T15:25:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=107816"},"modified":"2022-12-15T20:56:02","modified_gmt":"2022-12-15T15:26:02","slug":"karachi-sinks-residents-fight-for-fair-climate-solutions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/climate\/karachi-sinks-residents-fight-for-fair-climate-solutions\/","title":{"rendered":"As Karachi sinks, residents fight for fair climate solutions"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Erum Yasmeen, 44, stands on a mound of rubble overlooking a waterway choked with garbage, debris, and broken water pipes. She gestures towards the stream, the water of which is the colour of soot and hardly visible under mounds of plastic waste. This was where her home once lay, built by her father-in-law in the 1950s, back when Karachi was the capital of a new country. Now, the capital is 1,200 kilometres away and Karachi, home to 20 million people, is in the midst of a raging climate catastrophe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In one example, nine inches of rainfall lashed Karachi in 12 hours<\/a> on 27 August 2020. Containers, placed on thoroughfares as barricades for religious processions, turned into uncontrollable hazards, floating along streets that had transformed into rivers and ramming into cars and pedestrians who were wading through waist-deep rainwater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karachi is among the world\u2019s least liveable cities, ranking 136th out of 140 on the Economist\u2019s Global Liveability Index<\/a>. Warning signs of the impending climate crisis \u00adhave been compounded by local authorities\u2019 reluctance to mitigate its harmful effects by building climate-resistant homes and buildings, and ensuring the upkeep and maintenance of the city\u2019s storm-water drains, which are choked<\/a> with plastic waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Removing encroachment or demolishing homes?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

According to local activists, since February 2021 at least 12,000 houses have been razed along Karachi\u2019s Gujjar Nullah \u2013 one of the many waterways crisscrossing the city on their way towards the Arabian Sea \u2013 including Yasmeen\u2019s home in Kausar Niazi Colony.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The demolitions are part of the city authorities\u2019 response to the climate crisis. They were carried out by the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation in response to a 2020 Supreme Court order, passed after that summer\u2019s record-breaking rain<\/a>. The order directed the National Disaster Management Authority, in tandem with the government of the province of Sindh, to remove \u201cencroachments\u201d along the waterway in an attempt to mitigate urban flooding.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"woman<\/div>
Erum Yasmeen looks over the remains of demolished homes at Gujjar Nullah (Image: \u00a9<\/strong> Zuha Siddiqui)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

But when Karachi faced yet another spate of relentless rain earlier this year, the now-extended Gujjar Nullah waterway overflowed. Yasmeen says that when it rains in Kausar Niazi Colony \u2013 despite the widening of the nullah \u2013 water gushes into her home and her neighbour\u2019s homes until it is waist-deep, bringing with it a plethora of diseases and mosquitoes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There have also been fatalities. On 13 July 2022, 65-year-old Boota Masih was sitting outside his home, about a quarter of which was demolished last year, when he slipped and fell into the waterway below. Even though his community rallied and organised a rescue operation almost immediately, Masih did not survive<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A movement of demolition-affected city residents, Karachi Bachao Tehreek, is fighting back. In December 2021, the Tehreek published a survey<\/a> comprising 354 responses collected from residents living along the nullah, which found that at least 45% of homes were constructed on leased and\/or regularised property, challenging the notion that residents living along the nullah were encroachers. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gujjar Nullah residents whose homes were razed say they have been denied the 90,000 Pakistani rupees (USD 400) promised by the government as compensation, and that municipal bodies responsible for issuing cheques \u2013 such the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation \u2013 have been giving them the runaround. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"man<\/div>
Shafiq and his wife Qamar live with their five children in a half-demolished home beside Gujjar Nullah. They say the demolitions have taken a toll on Shafiq’s health. (Image: \u00a9<\/strong> Zuha Siddiqui)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

In late November 2021, the Sindh Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) announced that a public hearing would take place on the subject of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report for a project to revamp and restore the city\u2019s stormwater drains. The report stated that no project shall commence until the assessment has been completed \u2013 yet this hearing was taking place 14 months after demolitions along the Gujjar Nullah began. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWhat is the point now, of this assessment? An EIA\u00a0preemptively\u00a0measures risk,\u201d Aadil Ayub, an activist associated with Karachi Bachao Tehreek, said to a handful of agency officials at the hearing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SEPA\u2019s response<\/a> was that Karachi was in the throes of an emergency, given Covid-19 and floods, and that the federal government had pumped in money to \u201ctransform\u201d the city. Consequently, the Agency thought it was prudent to forge ahead with the project and hold the hearing retrospectively. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

A month later, in December 2021, the Karachi Bachao Tehreek organised a\u00a0People\u2019s Climate March\u00a0to draw attention to the climate crisis brewing in the city, as well as the chopping up of coastal mangroves to build industrial zones and high-end homes, and the construction of expressways over stormwater drains. But the march was prevented from marching to Bilawal House \u2013 home of the chairman of the ruling party of Sindh, Bilawal Bhutto \u2013 by heavy contingents of police who blockaded and surrounded protestors on all sides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"crowd<\/div>
The December 2021 Climate March in Karachi (Image: \u00a9<\/strong> Zuha Siddiqui)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Karachi: a sinking city<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Time may be running out for Karachi. According to\u00a0a study<\/a>\u00a0published in March this year, land in the city is sinking nearly five times faster than sea levels are rising.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In\u00a0another recently published study<\/a>, researcher and spatial data scientist\u00a0Shamsa Kanwal found that rapid urbanisation, construction on reclaimed land along the coastline, and sewerage network breakage have all contributed to subsidence (sinking of the ground because of material moving underground) in Karachi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s as simple as a drainpipe collapsing, and over time, the ground around it will begin to subside,\u201d she says. \u201cIt also doesn\u2019t help that the Sindh coast is low-lying. In Karachi, you are already living at sea-level, and when sea-level rises even slightly, people living in the city are automatically at risk.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

An absence of data is hindering Kanwal\u2019s work, she says. Her attempts to investigate city-wide correlations between subsidence and groundwater depletion have been thwarted by Karachi\u2019s poor water supply infrastructure, exacerbated<\/a> by the city\u2019s rapid expansion and unauthorized hydrants. \u201cKarachi has multiple sources of water supply and there are no consolidated statistics, no long-term data, and no numerical evidence,\u201d she said. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the areas she has managed to study, her research has revealed shocking results. Near the University of Karachi, Kanwal discovered a house that had sunk six feet below its initial foundation level. \u201cYou could see cracks in the walls, you could see that the elevation of the house was lower than all the other houses in the area,\u201d she says. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

But sections on Karachi in Pakistan\u2019s National Disaster Management Authority\u2019s National Monsoon Contingency Plan<\/a> hinge solely on the \u201crestoration of storm water drains\u201d, with no mention of sea level rise, subsidence, or the swathes of million-dollar properties built along the city\u2019s vulnerable coastline. \u201cExecution work on Gujjar and Orangi Nullas is going on at [a] fast pace,\u201d the plan states. \u201cOnce implemented, [it] will give well-needed respite to the populace of Karachi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cThere\u2019s so much happening in tandem in Karachi,\u201d says Kanwal. \u201cSea level is rising, there is coastal erosion, subsidence, there\u2019s also the broken sewage network, groundwater is depleting. It is really complicated and requires immediate attention.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This article was first published by Unbias the News<\/a>. It is part of the Sinking Cities Project, which covers six cities’ responses to sea-level rise. The investigation was developed with the support of Journalismfund.eu, European Cultural Foundation and the German Postcode Lottery. It has been edited for length and reproduced here with permission. It cannot be republished without permission.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Restoring Karachi\u2019s waterways \u2013 and demolishing homes to do so \u2013 is at the core of the city\u2019s response to climate disasters. But researchers point to a multitude of looming threats, including subsidence<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3907,"featured_media":20107853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[761],"tags":[17827,519,20000341],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000112],"class_list":["post-20107816","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-climate","tag-climate-adaptation","tag-climate-impacts","tag-water-pollution","country-pakistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAs Karachi sinks, residents fight for fair climate solutions | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Restoring Karachi\u2019s waterways is at the core of the city\u2019s response to climate disasters. 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