{"id":20112018,"date":"2023-02-27T22:35:40","date_gmt":"2023-02-27T17:05:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=112018"},"modified":"2023-03-14T23:49:51","modified_gmt":"2023-03-14T18:19:51","slug":"community-cooperation-across-nepal-india-border-saves-lives-during-floods","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/community-cooperation-across-nepal-india-border-saves-lives-during-floods\/","title":{"rendered":"Community cooperation across Nepal-India border saves lives during floods"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Every year, residents of Bhagwatipur in southern Nepal struggle to sleep during the monsoon. Between June and September, this village of around 500 households on the banks of the Ratu River in Mahottari district lives in constant fear of floods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cIt\u2019s very hard for me to remember any monsoon when we didn\u2019t lose any person or property to the Ratu floods,\u201d says Arun Yadav, a resident of Bhagwatipur. But, he says, the 2022 monsoon season was \u201can exception\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This exception was years in the making. In 2015, the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD<\/a>) introduced an early warning system, which is run by NGOs and volunteers in southern Nepal. The system informs the people who live along the river if water levels rise upstream. A couple of years later, it was extended across the border<\/a> in the east Indian state of Bihar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>
Recommended<\/span><\/span><\/div><\/a>\n\n\n\n

The Ratu is a small river that starts in Nepal\u2019s Chure hill range. It crosses the border with India into Sitamarhi district, in Bihar, where it is known as the Raato. In Bihar, the Raato joins the Koshi River<\/a>, one of the largest tributaries of the Ganga<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Community-led early warning system<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

At the heart of this system are committed volunteers. In the town of Lalgadh, in Dhanusha district \u2013 about 20 kilometres north of Bhagwatipur \u2013 Mahendra Bikram Karki is responsible for monitoring a sensor installed under a bridge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cMy phone is connected to the system, so whenever the water crosses the warning level it alerts me,\u201d Karki says. First, he informs Arun Yadav and Ranjeet Jha \u2013 the volunteers for Bhagwatipur and Shrikhandi Bhittha village, across the border in India. \u201cThen, I go to the site, prepared with my boots and raincoat as the gauge might give wrong results due to some blockage raising the water level.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
A sensor installed on a bridge over the Ratu River in southern Nepal. The sensor, which here is high above the dry riverbed, sends an alert if the river rises during the monsoon season. (Image: Mahendra Bahadur Karki \/ ICIMOD)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

If the water level rises further upstream, Karki gets a phone call from local people when they notice the river swelling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Karki and the other volunteers work with local police, journalists and shopkeepers to inform people if a disaster is likely and help them get to safety.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cPeople in Nepal telephone me whenever they record any rise in the water levels at any gauging point,\u201d says Ranjeet Jha, the volunteer for Shrikhandi Bhittha village in Sitamarhi district, India. \u201cOnce I get the call, it\u2019s my job to inform some 15,000 people in my surrounding area of the imminent risk \u00ad\u2013 within the next two to three hours before the flood arrives.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2015, ICIMOD installed three wireless sensors at Lalgadh and the villages of Kalapani and Sarpallo along the Ratu River in Nepal\u2019s Mohattari district. In 2017, they were upgraded, with sensors installed across the border at Shrikhandi Bhittha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neera Shrestha Pradhan, ICIMOD\u2019s programme coordinator for cryosphere and river basins, says the centre introduced the Community-Based Flood Early Warning System (CBFEWS<\/a>) project to enhance flood preparedness and prevent loss of life and damage to property. In 2010, ICIMOD piloted a similar initiative in Assam<\/a>; \u201cRealising its successful impacts on the ground, it was replicated in other areas,\u201d says Pradhan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/div>
A water-level sensor installed on the Raato River in the village of Shrikhandi Bhittha, Bihar, India (Image: ICIMOD)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

A life-saving initiative in Nepal and India<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nagdev Yadav is president of the Community Development and Advocacy Forum Nepal (CDAFN<\/a>), an NGO involved in coordinating local stakeholders to ensure the functioning of the early warning system. He tells The Third Pole that the system helps around 64,000 people every year in Nepal and India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

CDAFN\u2019s counterpart in India is an NGO called Yuganter<\/a>. Its executive director Sanjay Pandey says around 10,000 families in India benefit from the system. Government agencies in both countries, including Nepal\u2019s Department of Hydrology and Meteorology and Bihar State Disaster Management Authority, provide support to the system from time to time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Yadav of CDAFN says: \u201cEarlier, two to four people would be killed in the Ratu floods every monsoon<\/a>. But after the 2017 floods, it’s almost nil in six local units of Mahottari and one of Dhanusha.\u201d Nepal\u2019s National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Authority recognised<\/a> early warning systems as a major factor in preventing casualties during the 2022 monsoon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Flooding<\/div>
Flooding of the Ratu River in Shrikhandi Bhittha village, India (Image: Ranjeet Jha \/ ICIMOD)<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ranjeet Jha, the volunteer on the Indian side of the border, says the initiative has been particularly important in minimising the risks to children. \u201cI have been volunteering for the project since 2017, and no child has died in the Ratu flood since.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Binod Parajuli, a senior hydrologist at Nepal\u2019s Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, tells The Third Pole that such community-level initiatives are important<\/a> in small river basins such as the Ratu because the country\u2019s mainstream hydrometeorological system has not yet included them in its forecasts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As of June 2021, an early warning system costs about USD 3,500, according to ICIMOD<\/a>, describing its maintenance costs as \u201cmodest\u201d. Nagdev Yadav of CDAFN says: \u201cUnless there is any serious mechanical issue in the gauge, the only regular cost we have is topping up volunteers\u2019 mobile phones during the rainy season.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Challenges remain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Hydrologist Parajuli says that the reliability of warnings is a challenge, as forecasting floods in small river systems is not as easy as in big rivers such as the Koshi. Because small tributaries cover a narrow catchment area, if a weather event shifts by around 5 km it can render a forecast inaccurate, he says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Another problem is the short space of time between a warning and a flood, says Shailendra Shakya, an ICIMOD consultant for the project. According to volunteers, the interval is between one and three hours, which may not always be enough for people to salvage their belongings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shakya adds that keeping local government engaged in the project is very important. He says for the early warning system to be sustainable it has to be integrated with the local disaster plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

There is hope that this will happen soon. Raj Kumar Yadav, ward chair of the Balwa municipal government \u2013 which falls within Mahottari district in Nepal \u2013 says: \u201cWe could not make it happen this fiscal year as [the NGOs] came to us quite late, but we are positive about including it into our system from the next annual plan.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since 2019, ICIMOD has been working with local governments and NGOs on a similar early warning system set up along the Khando River, another tributary of the Koshi. For this, relevant municipalities in Nepal have established up a fund<\/a> to ensure the project\u2019s financing is sustainable. Shakya urges for similar models to be replicated in other areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

This work is part of a collaborative editorial series between the World Bank, ICIMOD and The Third Pole that brings together climate experts and regional voices on \u201cRegional Cooperation for Climate Resilience in South Asia\u201d. The views and opinions expressed by the author are their own. The series has been funded by the United Kingdom\u2019s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office through the Program for Asia Resilience to Climate Change \u2013 a trust fund administered by the World Bank.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NGOs say an early warning system helps around 64,000 people who live along the Ratu River every year, thanks to volunteers alerting those downstream of high river levels<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1072,"featured_media":20112035,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[597,50040707,607],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000111,20000113],"class_list":["post-20112018","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-technology","tag-the-third-pole","tag-water-scarcity","country-india","country-nepal"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCommunity cooperation across Nepal-India border saves lives during floods | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A flood early warning system helps around 64,000 people who live along the Ratu River every year, thanks to volunteers sending alerts\" 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National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) personnel evacuate villagers at Supaul district in the eastern Indian state of Bihar August 3, 2014. More than 400,000 people in eastern India face the risk of flooding after a landslide that killed at least nine people in neighboring Nepal, an Indian government official said on Sunday, as thousands were being evacuated. The landslide triggered by heavy rains has left scores of people missing and has created a mud dam blocking the Sunkoshi river, which runs into India's Bihar state as the Kosi river. 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