{"id":20116380,"date":"2023-05-18T08:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-18T02:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thethirdpole.net\/?p=116380"},"modified":"2023-05-31T19:04:38","modified_gmt":"2023-05-31T13:34:38","slug":"a-lot-of-work-for-diplomats-as-taliban-build-qosh-tepa-canal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/water\/a-lot-of-work-for-diplomats-as-taliban-build-qosh-tepa-canal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018A lot of work for diplomats\u2019 in Central Asia as the Taliban build huge canal"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">For more than 50 years, Afghanistan has contemplated building an enormous canal that will divert the waters of the Amu Darya River and irrigate the country\u2019s dry northern plains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In January this year, it became suddenly apparent that the project is well underway, with the release of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GJmitmg4k_w&amp;t=93s\">video<\/a> by the Taliban. Since then, the Qosh Tepa canal, which may divert <a href=\"https:\/\/kun.uz\/en\/news\/2023\/02\/13\/experts-talk-about-a-canal-being-built-by-taliban-and-its-tragic-consequences-for-uzbekistan\">up to a third<\/a> of the Amu Darya, has been the subject of international interest and <a href=\"https:\/\/rus.azathabar.com\/a\/32341718.html?fbclid=IwAR2NsIjay1s6mXeWJSOPV6jqsz9qrD0oqpmtCRA0mr3ElukWKxKYaGpReeA\">concern<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt is our own fault that we are not prepared for such a situation,\u201d said Yusup Kamalov, an Uzbek ecologist who is chair of NGO the Union for the Defense of the Aral and Amu Darya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wider than the length of three Olympic swimming pools, already more than a third complete, and with 8.2 billion Afghan Afghanis (about USD 94 million) of public money spent on its first phase, the canal is intended to \u201cturn 550,000 hectares of barren land into much-needed farmlands\u201d for growing wheat and vegetable oil, Zabihullah Mujahid, spokesperson for Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, told The Third Pole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe src=\"https:\/\/flo.uri.sh\/visualisation\/13811980\/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>The canal is being built at a desperate time for the people of Afghanistan. Fazlullah Akhtar, an expert on water management from Kabul, pointed out that the country is totally dependent on foreign aid, with local food production unable to feed the population. \u201cThe current policies of the ruling regime have had disastrous impacts, with 20 million people acutely food-insecure, including six million on the brink of famine,\u201d said Akhtar, who is now a senior researcher at the University of Bonn in Germany.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cOn completion, [the canal] will provide jobs for around 250,000 Afghans in Jawzjan, Balkh and Faryab provinces,\u201d added Haji Mukhtar, an ethnic Uzbek from Jawzjan province who was part of the team that worked on the Qosh Tepa canal under the former government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-accordion block--accordion\"><span class=\"block--accordion__title\">Without the monsoon, Afghanistan depends on snowmelt and rivers<\/span><div class=\"block--accordion__content\"><div class=\"block--accordion__content__inner\">\n<p>Unlike other South Asian countries, Afghanistan receives no water from the monsoons. Instead, it is dependent on sporadic rainfall and primarily snow and glacial melt to feed its rivers. Decades of war have led to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/media\/118356\/file\/%20UNICEF%20Afghanistan%20WASH%20on%20the%20Brink%202022.pdf\">degraded hydrological management system<\/a>, and in 2021 Afghanistan faced the <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/food\/bone-dry-afghanistan-stares-at-future-famines\/\">worst drought<\/a> in decades due to low snowfall in the winter. Managing the water in the country\u2019s rivers is critical given the vast majority of Afghans are struggling with poverty, depend on agriculture and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.usaid.gov\/afghanistan\/our-work\/agriculture\">nine out of 10 people<\/a> do not have enough to eat.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the project risks destabilising relations with downstream Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, given the aridification crisis in the <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/river-basins\/amu-darya\/\">basin<\/a> that long predates it. On 1 April a <a href=\"https:\/\/lex.uz\/uz\/docs\/6420842\">presidential decree<\/a> in Uzbekistan issued measures to increase water efficiency, citing forecasts that water resources in the basin will fall by 15-20%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Map-of-Qosh-Tepa-Canal_V3.png\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Map-of-Qosh-Tepa-Canal_V3-768x480.png 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Map-of-Qosh-Tepa-Canal_V3-1024x640.png 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Map-of-Qosh-Tepa-Canal_V3.png 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"Map showing approximate route of Qosh Tepa Canal\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">The Qosh Tepa canal may divert up to a third of the Amu Darya\u2019s water \u2022 Map: The Third Pole<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Map-of-Qosh-Tepa-Canal_V3.png\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"4 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1600\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe Qosh Tepa canal has already begun to cause regional tensions,\u201d said Eugene Simonov, international coordinator of the Rivers Without Boundaries environmental coalition. This view was shared by multiple experts in Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan who spoke with The Third Pole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, Simonov asserted, Afghanistan is not included in regional water agreements yet has a right to the Amu Darya\u2019s resources \u2013&nbsp;a view stressed by other experts and Taliban spokespeople.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-dropping-water-and-rising-tensions\">Dropping water and rising tensions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Speaking at a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riob.org\/sites\/default\/files\/IMG\/pdf\/SOROKIN_INBO.pdf\">roundtable in late April<\/a>, Anatoly Sorokin of the Scientific-Information Center of the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (ICWC) of Central Asia, said that the combined impact of low water levels and the Qosh Tepa canal could reduce the Amu Darya\u2019s flow by 50%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-accordion block--accordion\"><span class=\"block--accordion__title\">What is the Interstate Coordination Water Commission?<\/span><div class=\"block--accordion__content\"><div class=\"block--accordion__content__inner\">\n<p>The ICWC is a framework for collaborative regional water management created under the 1992 Almaty Agreement. It&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/climate-diplomacy.org\/case-studies\/conflict-over-water-aral-sea\">manages<\/a>&nbsp;water allocations and dispute resolution mechanisms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Almaty Agreement, signed by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, regulates water allocations between the countries. It&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hrcak.srce.hr\/file\/257930\">largely upheld<\/a>&nbsp;water quotas under the Soviet Union, despite changes to national boundaries.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Vadim Sokolov, from regional institution the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea, told The Third Pole that \u201cany impact in the transboundary basin, which leads to changes in the structure of the water balance, definitely creates problems, including an increase in regional tensions\u201d. Scientists <a href=\"https:\/\/kun.uz\/en\/news\/2023\/02\/13\/experts-talk-about-a-canal-being-built-by-taliban-and-its-tragic-consequences-for-uzbekistan\">have said<\/a> that the canal could mean Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan have up to 15% less of the Amu Darya\u2019s water to use for irrigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The pressures created by the canal will compound the impacts of climate change that are already affecting the region, stressed Kamalov, who is also a member of the public council of non-profit international organisation the Regional Environmental Centre of Central Asia (CAREC). \u201cThe presidents of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have previously talked about losing 30% of the glaciers in their countries,\u201d he pointed out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Furthermore, the extraction of more water from the river means that \u201cit will become fundamentally impossible to restore aquatic ecosystems in the Aral Sea region\u201d Simonov anticipated, warning that the critically endangered false shovelnose sturgeon, also called the Amu Darya sturgeon, will die out completely. The survival of fish in the lower reaches and the wetlands of the Amu Darya and Prearalie floodplains are also at risk, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/20121016_Amu-Darya-river-bed_Adriana-Dinu-scaled.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/20121016_Amu-Darya-river-bed_Adriana-Dinu-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/20121016_Amu-Darya-river-bed_Adriana-Dinu-1024x681.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/20121016_Amu-Darya-river-bed_Adriana-Dinu-scaled.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"plants growing in dry riverbed\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">The Amu Darya riverbed in Uzbekistan, in 2012 (Image: United Nations Development Programme \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/undpeuropeandcis\/8092179969\">Flickr<\/a> \/ <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/2.0\/\">CC BY-NC-SA 2.0<\/a>)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/20121016_Amu-Darya-river-bed_Adriana-Dinu-scaled.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"657 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1702\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-worries-of-widespread-salinisation-due-to-qosh-tepa-canal\">Worries of widespread salinisation due to Qosh Tepa canal<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>While significant, the withdrawal of water from the Amu Darya is \u201cnot the most important, acute and potentially dangerous problem for the entire region\u201d, a Turkmen geographer and ecologist said, speaking to The Third Pole on condition of anonymity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sayed Waliullah Aqili, former director of the Groundwater Department in Kabul, told The Third Pole: \u201cThe canal will have significant socio-economic and environmental impacts for the provinces and indirectly for the country that will also help recharge groundwater table in the irrigated area.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, the Turkmen expert said he feared that the canal will lead to widespread salinisation, both in Afghanistan and across the region \u2013&nbsp;a concern shared by Sokolov and Kamalov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe canal almost at right angles crosses or skirts foothill plains, river deltas, which have their own established hydrological and hydrodynamic regime,\u201d he said. This, he explained, will disturb the current drainage of groundwater into the Amu Darya, resulting in a rise in the groundwater level and salinisation of agricultural land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cPart of the lands will not only be salinised, but also [seasonally] waterlogged, which will also take them out of agricultural turnover,\u201d said the geographer, who has studied similar impacts around the <a href=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/regional-cooperation\/turkmenistan-fails-to-create-vast-lake-in-karakum-desert\/\">Karakum Canal<\/a> in Turkmenistan. While this could be prevented by measures such as waterproofing the canal, he said \u201csuch ideas for the Qosh Tepa canal are not even discussed\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This could have repercussions beyond Afghanistan. In arid Central Asia, the adoption of large-scale irrigated agriculture since the 1960s has resulted in <a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s13593-015-0337-7\">salts accumulating<\/a> in the soil. These must be constantly removed in drainage water if farming is to remain possible.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Afghan-teachers-receive-humanitarian-assistance-in-Mazar-i-Sharif_Alamy_2HC22BD-scaled.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Afghan-teachers-receive-humanitarian-assistance-in-Mazar-i-Sharif_Alamy_2HC22BD-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Afghan-teachers-receive-humanitarian-assistance-in-Mazar-i-Sharif_Alamy_2HC22BD-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Afghan-teachers-receive-humanitarian-assistance-in-Mazar-i-Sharif_Alamy_2HC22BD-scaled.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"crowd of people below men unloading large sacks from back of truck\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Humanitarian assistance in December 2021 in Mazar-i-Sharif, the capital of Balkh province, Afghanistan (Image: Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Afghan-teachers-receive-humanitarian-assistance-in-Mazar-i-Sharif_Alamy_2HC22BD-scaled.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"443 KB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Salts will have to be continuously drained off the land in northern Afghanistan the Taliban intend to use for crops, the Turkmen expert added. The only place for this drainage water to go, he said, is the Amu Darya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHighly saline drainage water will flow into the river, complicating the already difficult \u2013 in some places disastrous \u2013 environmental situation in the middle course of the Amu Darya and especially in its lower reaches,\u201d said the geographer. He added that the combination of the water deficit and increased salt content will complicate farming downstream of the canal, posing risks to public health and potentially necessitating the resettlement of populations in the most affected areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-need-for-a-diplomatic-solution\">The need for a diplomatic solution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On 22 March 2023, a delegation from Uzbekistan visited Kabul. After this meeting, the Islamic Emirate <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/FDPM_AFG\/status\/1638537680697933825\">stated<\/a> that Uzbekistan was ready to cooperate in completing the Qosh Tepa canal project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, Uzbekistan has not yet publicly commented on the Qosh Tepa canal, aside from a <a href=\"https:\/\/mfa.uz\/ru\/press\/news\/2023\/delegaciya-uzbekistana-posetila-afganistan---33677\">statement<\/a> by the Uzbek Ministry of Foreign Affairs that during the dialogue \u201cspecial attention was paid to cooperation in the water and energy sectors\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Speaking to The Third Pole in late March after the visit, Zabihullah Mujahid, spokesperson for the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, said that every state has a share of the Amu Darya\u2019s water, and all of them have been using this except Afghanistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ikramuddin Kamil, head of the transboundary rivers division at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Kabul, said that with its current infrastructure, Afghanistan can divert 5-6 billion cubic metres of water \u2013&nbsp;which he said is less than 2% of the river\u2019s total flow. As a result, Kamil says, \u201cneighbouring countries in the past did not feel a sense of competition to reach an agreement with us\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Qosh Tepa canal will divert much more than this, at an expected 10 billion cubic metres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe will utilise our share and we want to devise a mechanism that is acceptable to and beneficial for all stakeholders in the region and not affect downstream users,\u201d said Mujahid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cUzbekistan\u2019s recent request for talks is a positive step towards promoting regional cooperation in sustainable water management,\u201d said Kamil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">We have no guarantees as to what will happen after the Qosh Tepa canal is completed<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Uzbek official<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Speaking on condition of anonymity, an Uzbek official told The Third Pole in April that the country\u2019s authorities are trying to resolve the situation peacefully.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNegotiations with the Afghan side are held on a regular basis, but in a closed mode so as not to disturb society. Their government is behaving quite adequately to our proposals. But, unfortunately, we have no guarantees as to what will happen after the Qosh Tepa canal is completed,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To avoid conflicts in the future, the Uzbek official said they believe Afghanistan should join international agreements, and conclude bilateral and multilateral agreements on water use in the Amu Darya basin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kamalov, from the Defense of the Aral and Amu Darya, adds that as well as Uzbek diplomats and specialists meeting with the Taliban, \u201cTurkmenistan should play a key role in this issue. After all, 70% of the Amu Darya flows through Turkmenistan.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-who-can-claim-the-amu-darya-s-waters\">Who can claim the Amu Darya\u2019s waters?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Commentators <a href=\"https:\/\/sreda.uz\/rubriki\/voda\/kak-povliyaet-stroyashhijsya-v-afganistane-kanal-kush-tepa-na-amudaryu\/\">attribute<\/a> much of the current difficulty to the lack of agreements signed by Central Asian countries and Afghanistan on use and allocation of the Amu Darya\u2019s waters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Almaty Agreement, signed by Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan in 1992, regulates the allocation of water between the countries. It&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/hrcak.srce.hr\/file\/257930\">largely upholds<\/a>&nbsp;water quotas set under the Soviet Union, despite changes to national boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAfghanistan contributes 12% of the Amu Darya\u2019s total flow but is excluded from the Almaty Agreement,\u201d water management expert Fazlullah Akhtar told The Third Pole. Without Afghanistan\u2019s inclusion, the entire regional water management regime is incomplete, said Kamil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simonov, of Rivers Without Boundaries, said he believes that Afghanistan was \u201cwrongfully excluded from cooperation within the framework of the Interstate Commission for Water Coordination (ICWC) and now it has taken this skeleton out of the closet\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-pull-quote block--pull-quote\"><div class=\"block--pull-quote__wrapper\"><blockquote class=\"block--pull-quote__quote\">All of the Amu Darya\u2019s waters that could be safely used have already been disposed of twice and three times by Afghanistan\u2019s neighbours<\/blockquote><cite class=\"block--pull-quote__cite\">Eugene Simonov, Rivers Without Boundaries<\/cite><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAt the same time,\u201d he added \u201cit is important to emphasise that as a country in the Amu Darya basin, Afghanistan has a full right to use waters of the Amu Darya and Panj. The issue is that all volumes of the Amu Darya\u2019s waters that could be safely used have already been disposed of twice and three times by its neighbours.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Ministry of Foreign Affairs\u2019 Kamil asserted that customary international law will apply to Afghanistan. For example, he said, the <a href=\"https:\/\/legal.un.org\/ilc\/texts\/instruments\/english\/conventions\/8_3_1997.pdf\">UN Convention on the Law of Non-Navigational Uses of International Water Courses<\/a> favours early developers, yet doesn\u2019t deprive late developers of their rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Afghanistan is also not a signatory to the 1992 UN Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes. Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan have ratified the Convention, however. Yusup Kamalov said this means that the treaty \u201ccan already serve as a basis for interaction\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simonov agreed: \u201cOften even the countries that have not signed [the Convention] still use the cooperation mechanisms described in it. But I am afraid it alone is not enough.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe need to conclude other treaties, both bilateral and multilateral,\u201d Kamalov continued. \u201cThere is a lot of work for diplomats here. I hope the Center for Preventive Diplomacy in Ashgabat [Turkmenistan\u2019s capital] will make its contribution to solving this problem.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-cd-article-image aligncenter block--article-image block--article-image--article\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"><div class=\"block--article-image__column\"><div class=\"hide-expand block--article-image__image\"><img class=\"lazy\" data-src=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Karakum-desert-Turkmenistan_Alamy_ECNWMK-scaled.jpg\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Karakum-desert-Turkmenistan_Alamy_ECNWMK-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Karakum-desert-Turkmenistan_Alamy_ECNWMK-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Karakum-desert-Turkmenistan_Alamy_ECNWMK-scaled.jpg 2560w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 768px, (max-width: 1024px) 1024px, 2560px\" alt=\"salt deposits on desert ground\"\/><\/div><div class=\"block--article-image__content\"><div itemprop=\"caption\" class=\"block--article-image__caption\">Salt deposits in the Karakum desert, Turkmenistan, where experts say the Karakum Canal has resulted in land being salinised and seasonally waterlogged, making agriculture impossible\u00a0(Image: Alamy)<\/div><\/div><\/div><meta itemprop=\"contentUrl\" content=\"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Karakum-desert-Turkmenistan_Alamy_ECNWMK-scaled.jpg\"\/><meta itemprop=\"contentSize\" content=\"1 MB\"\/><meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"1707\"\/><meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"2560\"\/><meta itemprop=\"author\"\/><meta itemprop=\"representativeOfPage\" content=\"true\"\/><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Simonov said that Afghanistan needs to be \u201curgently included\u201d in the system of arrangements for the management and protection of shared river basins. \u201cThe question is whether this is politically possible and whether the Taliban government will want it.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In his comments in late April, the ICWC\u2019s Anatoly Sorokin <a href=\"https:\/\/www.riob.org\/sites\/default\/files\/IMG\/pdf\/SOROKIN_INBO.pdf\">stated that<\/a> it is necessary to involve Afghanistan in the commission\u2019s work, initially as an observer, and thereby transfer to the country some of the responsibility for the future of the basin and the Aral Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-a-plea-to-conserve-the-amu-darya-s-resources\">A plea to conserve the Amu Darya\u2019s resources<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ecologists and campaigners The Third Pole spoke with were keen to stress the importance of reducing water use across the basin in the wider context of the Qosh Tepa canal. Yusup Kamalov urged for canals to be made watertight, drip irrigation introduced, forests to be planted alongside rivers, and drought-resistant varieties of crop to be grown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simonov called for an assessment of the combined impact of multiple \u201cwasteful\u201d reservoirs, hydropower projects and canals in the basin, which he said could lead to a \u201clarge-scale socio-ecological catastrophe in the lower reaches of the Amu Darya\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAll basin countries should be ready to revise their development plans,\u201d he said, as \u201clong-term cooperation in the field of \u2018water resources development\u2019 is possible only with all possible conservation of these resources and environmentally responsible planning.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Amid worries of the Qosh Tepa canal causing large-scale damage to farmland in the region, experts say crisis can be avoided by including Afghanistan in transboundary agreements<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3907,"featured_media":20116454,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[50039903],"tags":[556,587,50040707,607],"hashtags":[],"country":[20000115,50040741,20027811],"class_list":["post-20116380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-water","tag-infrastructure","tag-rivers","tag-the-third-pole","tag-water-scarcity","country-afghanistan","country-turkmenistan","country-uzbekistan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u2018A lot of work for diplomats\u2019 as the Taliban build Qosh Tepa canal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Amid worries of the Qosh Tepa canal damaging farmland, experts say crisis can be avoided by including 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