{"id":25451,"date":"2006-10-13T16:47:00","date_gmt":"2006-10-13T16:47:00","guid":{"rendered":""},"modified":"2020-09-28T11:04:23","modified_gmt":"2020-09-28T11:04:23","slug":"451-preserving-lhasa-s-history-part-one","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dialogue.earth\/en\/uncategorized\/451-preserving-lhasa-s-history-part-one\/","title":{"rendered":"Preserving Lhasa\u2019s history (part one)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"left\">At over three and a half kilometres above sea level, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.travelchinaguide.com\/cityguides\/tibet\/lhasa\/index.htm\">Lhasa<\/a> is the world&#8217;s highest city. Many people decide to visit this enchanting place, known as the \u201choly city in the land of the snows\u201d.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">On July 1, 2006, the <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Qinghai-Tibet_Railway\">Qinghai-Tibet railway<\/a> opened and crowds of people from China&#8217;s cities clambered aboard to visit the place they had dreamed of \u2013 including my friend, Tian.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Tian is a journalist with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xinhuanet.com\/english\/\">Xinhua<\/a> news agency, and had always wanted to visit Lhasa. At the end of August, Tian boarded the train to Tibet. But three days later he returned, deeply disappointed. Hotel prices had rocketed \u2013 a decent, reasonably-priced room was almost impossible to find. \u201cAnd it was boring,\u201d he added, \u201cjust the same as any Chinese city.\u201d The tall buildings, congestion, noise and street hawkers had left his dream in ruins.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Nor is he the only one disappointed. A scientist friend from Peking University went to Lhasa in mid-August hoping to buy a Tibetan-style courtyard home \u2013 she imagined leaving behind the bustle of Beijing, sipping sweet Lhasa tea with a view of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.travelchinaguide.com\/attraction\/tibet\/lhasa\/potala.htm\">Potala Palace<\/a>. But Lhasa\u2019s reality did not match up to her vision. Property prices had risen; the money which would previously have bought her a courtyard would only purchase a single room. Tall buildings crowded a skyline where once even four-storey structures were rare, blocking the view of Lhasa&#8217;s iconic Potala Palace.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">In the seventh century, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Songtsen_Gampo\">Songtsen Gampo<\/a> unified Tibet and moved the centre of political power from Shannan to the site of present-day Lhasa \u2013 pastureland at the time &#8212; and founded the powerful, slave-owning <a href=\"https:\/\/en.tibet.cn\/newfeature\/figure2004\/history\/t20060616_123868.htm\">Tubo Kingdom<\/a>. He also built the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sacredsites.com\/asia\/tibet\/jokhang_temple.html\">Jokhang Temple<\/a>, Ramoche Temple and the first Potala Palace. Legend has it that Songtsen Gampo used soil carried to the site by goats to build the Jokhang Temple and the city was thus named \u201c<em>Resa<\/em>\u201d, from the Tibetan words for soil (<em>re<\/em>) and goat (<em>sa<\/em>). With the adoption and rise of Buddhism, the number of pilgrims rose steadily. Hotels, shops, homes and administrative centers sprung up around the Jokhang Temple, forming the circular street known as the Barkhor. As Buddhism flourished, the Tibetan people started to call the city Lhasa, which means the \u201choly city\u201d or \u201cplace of the Buddha\u201d.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">In the mid-17<sup>th<\/sup> century, the Qing emperor authorised the Fifth Dalai Lama, Lobsang Gyatso, to consolidate his political and religious power, with Lhasa as the centre of government. The Potala Palace was rebuilt to a height of thirteen storeys \u2013 almost 120 metres &#8212; and became the residence of the Dalai Lamas, seat of their political and religious rule and a landmark on the Lhasa skyline.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">The Potala Palace makes a great visual impact as you first arrive. In 1936, F. Spencer Chapman, a member of the British Government\u2019s mission to Lhasa, wrote in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Lhasa-Holy-City-Spencer-Chapman\/dp\/0836967127\">Lhasa, The Holy City<\/a><\/em>: \u201cUnlike any other building in the world, the Potala has the presence of a New York skyscraper and a subtle similarity to the Pyramids of Egypt\u2026not only are the design and color of the building breath-taking in their beauty, it is also of enormous size. This majestic beauty can best be appreciated in the government park below the Potala.\u201d But for Tibetans, the Potala&#8217;s impact is not merely visual. Karma, from Tibet&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tibetinfor.com\/tibetzt\/changdu\/index.htm\">Chamdo<\/a> region, told me of how he wept and prayed when he first glimpsed the Potala. Many Tibetans have similar tales to tell. For them the Potala is not just a building, it is the home of their faith \u2013 and it is this which makes Lhasa holy.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">It was in the 17<sup>th<\/sup> century that Lhasa first started to evolve into a city. Official residences, mansions, guesthouses and shops were built flanking the Barkhor, but on a small scale. As late as 1906, there was only a small residential area near the Jokhang. The city had expanded by 1935, when the \u201cSnow Village\u201d residential district was built in front of the Potala. But by 1950, Lhasa still had a population of only 30,000 and covered less than three square kilometres, with dirt roads and no sewers.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">It was later that the process of urbanisation really started to take hold. By 1975, Lhasa covered 18 square kilometres and had a population of 100,000. According to statistics from the city government&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lasa.gov.cn\/\">website<\/a>, Lhasa is now 18 times the size it was in 1959, with a quarter of a million people living in the urban area (100,000 of those migrants). Locals have told me that since the opening of the railway and the arrival of many more wealthy people, the actual population has already risen far beyond that figure.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Some examples may help to illustrate the changes in the city. For instance, when <a href=\"https:\/\/www.prm.ox.ac.uk\/tibet.html\">Chapman<\/a> visited Lhasa 70 years ago, he described seeing women dumping all kinds of rubbish in front of the Potala, forming 10-foot-high piles by the roadside. When I visited in May, the Potala was fronted by a huge, clean plaza.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">But before 1959, the Potala was a solemn and sacred place. Now it is a tourist attraction. Another friend of mine from Beijing took the train to Lhasa in July. When she set foot in the Potala it wasn&#8217;t the architecture, the culture or the history that struck her \u2013 it was the <a href=\"https:\/\/english.peopledaily.com.cn\/english\/200011\/22\/eng20001122_55803.html\">hordes of tourists<\/a> streaming like termites over the wooden floors. Previously, visitor numbers were limited to 850 a day in order to protect the building, but this number was raised to 1,500, and then to 2,300 visitors a day once the railway was opened \u2013 earning huge amounts of money for the Potala\u2019s managers.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Today it is still the sight of the Potala Palace, perched on top of the Red Mountain, which heralds the traveller\u2019s arrival in Lhasa. But as you get closer to the city it becomes lost behind modern buildings. Buildings and roads named after places in northern and eastern China roll past \u2013 Jiangsu Road, Beijing Road, Shanghai Plaza and Shangdong Mansion. You may find yourself asking whether you are in Lhasa at all.<\/p>\n<p align=\"left\">Once a \u201choly city\u201d of unique tradition, Lhasa is undergoing huge and very complex changes \u2013 some bad and some good.<\/p>\n<div align=\"left\">\n<p>NEXT: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/en\/454-Preserving-Lhasa-s-history-part-two-\">Can tradition can be balanced with development?<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>The author:<\/strong> Liu Jianqiang\uff0cborn in 1969, is a senior reporter with <em>Southern Weekend<\/em> and has a long-standing interest in environmental issues.<\/p>\n<p>Homepage photo by Christophe Polus<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Qinghai-Tibet railway brought a wave of travellers to Lhasa. But many found a city threatened by irresponsible tourism and breakneck urbanisation, says Liu Jianqiang in the first of two reports.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1085,"featured_media":52616,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"hashtags":[],"country":[],"class_list":["post-25451","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Preserving Lhasa\u2019s history (part one) | Dialogue Earth<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Qinghai-Tibet railway brought a wave of travellers to Lhasa. 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